日本品牌在华广告如何化解敌意和提升好感

从企业广告的角度,研究在华经营的日本企业如何降低由于历史和现实因素产生的消费者的敌意、强化中国消费者对日本品牌的正面感知、进而提高积极态度和购买意愿。通过回顾相关文献,本文提出两个影响消费者对日品牌态度的核心变量——原产地效应和消费者敌意,分别对消费者态度有正面和负面的影响。因此,相关企业可以通过理性诉求、国际性诉求和个人主义诉求,避免感性诉求、民族性诉求和集体主义诉求,以强化原产地效应的正面影响,并削弱消费者敌意的负面影响,最大程度地改善消费者的态度。     

消费者敌意对品牌来源国选择的影响

本文在文献研究的基础上,引入消费者敌意和消费者民族中心主义两个变量,探讨其对日本品牌、国产品牌和第三国品牌的产品购买意愿的影响。研究发现:消费者敌意能够强化消费者民族中心主义;消费者敌意、消费者民族中心主义与日本品牌的产品购买意愿存在负向关系;消费者民族中心主义与国产品牌的产品购买意愿存在正向关系,但对第三国品牌的产品购买意愿没有影响;消费者敌意对国产品牌和第三国品牌的产品购买意愿的影响因品牌和产品类别的不同而存在差异。     

消费者敌意、购买意愿与人口因素的相关性及营销启示

在文献回顾的基础上,本文借用Klein等设计的量表,调查城镇与农村消费者对日本的消费者敌意、购买意愿与拥有日本产品的相关性,并进一步引入人口变量进行比较分析。结果表明:消费者对日本存在中度总体敌意、高度战争敌意与低度经济敌意;消费者敌意与产品评价不相关,与购买意愿负相关;产品评价与购买意愿正相关;受教育程度与购买意愿正相关,中等收入消费者的总体敌意水平高于低收入与高收入消费者,年龄同购买意愿负相关。最后分析了营销启示并提出了未来的研究方向。     

中国青年消费者对日本产品选择的研究

本文在文献回顾的基础上,采用了"原产地形象——产品评价——购买意向"这一原产地效应研究的基本模型,抽取168个界于18～35岁年龄区间的消费者样本,运用相关分析、回归分析等方法进行实证研究。研究结果表明:首先,敌意态度与消费者民族中心主义是两个独立的概念;其次,上述群体对日货存有明显的敌意,这一态度降低了其对日本产品的购买意向,但并不影响产品评价;第三,偏低的消费者民族中心主义倾向与(日本产品)产品评价和购买意向有较低的负相关关系。     

基于不确定性遗憾偏好模型的消费者偏好差异研究

消费者购买前的主观意向与实际决策行为经常矛盾,即存在陈述性偏好(SP)和显示性偏好(RP)差异性问题。目前关于SP和RP的研究多集中于两者的一致性和互补性,对其差异性研究较少,且忽视了消费者偏好不确定性的影响。基于此,本文提出了不确定性遗憾偏好模型,通过消费者发生购买行为后的满意或后悔程度来衡量SP和RP的差异性。结果表明,品牌认知、设计认知、性能认知及参照群体等不确定性因素,性别、教育和收入等消费者特征因素,价格、产品集、更换时间等产品属性因素均对消费者偏好差异性有显著影响。此外,男、女样本在SP和RP差异性上存在显著的系统性差异。     

中国消费者对国货的矛盾态度研究

在中国制造业转型时期,中国制造企业更注重国货品质,提升国货品牌的情感、文化附加值。本文以国货品牌的升级优化背景为切入点,分析对比中国消费者对国货和日货的主客观矛盾态度。研究发现,中国消费者对国货的客观矛盾态度显著。本文从矛盾态度研究观察消费者的矛盾程度及对国货品牌评价的影响,为管理和实践提供了一定的指导和建议。     

网络时代的消费者行为研究

本文从分析互联网上影响消费者行为的因素入手，研究网络时代消费者的观念、消费者。理、消费结构和消费方式等，为网络营销的战略和策略制定提供依据。     

西方消费者行为影响因素模型的解构与前瞻

有关消费者行为的研究正越来越受到学者的重视.本文试图通过对影响消费者行为因素的有关研究成果的分析,探明影响消费者行为的因素.从而对消费者行为的一般和本土化研究产生裨益.本文认为,消费者行为影响因素的研究正从单独研究消费者的理性行为,转向研究消费者的感性行为和消费者与环境的互动行为.     

网络消费者多品牌捆绑商品购买意愿影响因素研究——基于有序Probit模型

鉴于电子商务环境下的商品捆绑销售与传统捆绑销售相比具有便捷、灵活等新的特点,本文基于有序Probit模型,从消费者的角度出发,通过引入各种影响因素对网络消费者多品牌捆绑商品的购买意愿进行实证研究。研究结果表明,网络消费者在线购买多品牌捆绑商品时主要受到消费者的上网时间量、商品折扣、捆绑方式及商品平均价值等因素的影响,其中上网时间量和商品平均价值是负相关因素。最后,有针对性地提出了相关营销建议,为网络消费者行为研究学者提供借鉴和参考。     

再制造耐用消费品营销策略及消费者行为特征研究综述

消费者的异质性需求与行为特征对"新产品-废旧产品-再制造产品"的循环有关键影响。因此,需从消费者角度考虑多重因素对再制造耐用消费品营销策略的影响。从以下角度对研究文献梳理:再制造耐用消费品定价决策、再制造消费品营销策略以及消费者的行为特征。发现:缺乏从消费行为的角度,系统探讨再制造耐用消费品的营销策略,没有详细分析消费者购买动机、意向与支付意愿。未来可以研究的方向为:从消费者购买意愿、感知风险、感知收益角度研究再制造耐用消费品的产品、定价、渠道与促销策略;研究影响消费者购买动机、购买意向与支付意愿的因素等。     

Effect of consumer animosity on boycott campaigns in a cross-cultural context: Does consumer affinity matter?

Global companies have often suffered from unexpected boycott campaigns in foreign markets owing to consumer animosity toward a country of origin. This study aims to empirically investigate how consumer animosity (toward economic sanctions) and affinity predict consumer boycotts. We conduct a country comparison, employing the PROCESS macro to test the moderated mediation hypothesis, using data from 571 and 500 consumers in South Korea and Japan, respectively. The results find a negative indirect effect of animosity on purchase amount via boycott attitude and intention in both countries. The direct impact of animosity on purchase amount (in the case of South Korea) and the moderated mediation effect of consumer affinity (in the case of Japan) are partially supported. Therefore, the offsetting influence of consumer affinity in mitigating the effects of consumer animosity in the context of boycott campaigns is highlighted, offering novel managerial implications.     

Iranian consumer animosity and U.S. products: A witch's brew or elixir?

This research investigates the animosity of more than 900 Iranian consumers toward the U.S. and their propensity to purchase U.S.-made products/brands in the context of a prolonged hostility between the two countries. Our results suggest that the antecedent demographic variables of education, age and foreign travel experience are inversely related to consumer animosity whereas women and students tend to hold greater consumer animosity feelings than men and non-students. Additionally we found a strong and significant inverse relationship between Iranian consumer animosity and intention to buy U.S.-made products, but no moderating effects based upon product importance or product necessity were uncovered in our consumer animosity model. The major managerial implications of our study are threefold: (1) MNCs are well advised not to ignore or underestimate the economic value of hostile markets; (2) within hostile markets, MNCs ought to be proactive and pursue alternative oversight strategies when constrained by national institutions; and (3) local and foreign competitors may exploit such animosity to better position their own products against the products of a country that is a target of consumers’ animosity.     

Investigating the impact of consumers’ patriotism and ethnocentrism on purchase intention: Moderating role of consumer guilt and animosity

The present study aims to examine how consumer guilt and consumer animosity, as moderators, can impact consumers' purchase intention toward domestic products. A total of 385 responses were used to test the proposed relationship. PROCESS macro was used to examine the mediating and moderating relationships. The present study provides guidance to international marketers on why and how they should do extra efforts to mitigate guilt feeling. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on consumer ethnocentrism by investigating moderating role of consumer guilt and consumer animosity.     

Understanding purchase intention towards Chinese products: Role of ethnocentrism,animosity, status and self-esteem

The Indian market has got flooded with Chinese goods that pose a great threat to indigenous businesses. Despite increase in bilateral trade, the relationship between India and China continues to be marred with suspicion, animosity and distrust. Therefore, it becomes meaningful to understand how the consumers distinguish between domestic and Chinese goods. The study examines the relationship between ethnocentrism, customer animosity, social status and personal self-esteem and their impact on purchase intention towards Chinese imports. The results indicate that the attitudes and behaviour of consumers in an emerging nation differ greatly from their counterparts in developed nations. Contrary to expectations, the relationship between ethnocentrism and customer animosity is not significant. Personal self-esteem and customer animosity impact the purchase intentions of Indians while ethnocentrism and social status do not have any such influence. The study seeks to expand the existing literature on purchase intention of foreign products and also help the marketers design their marketing mix strategies.     

Factors affecting Indian shoppers׳ attitude and purchase intention: An empirical check

The objective of this study was to examine affecting factors that influence Indian consumers׳ attitude toward retailers and purchase intention from the retailers. A questionnaire was used to collect data using systematic sampling from department store shoppers of age 18 years and above in Kolkata, a metropolitan city of India. Structural equation modelling (n=355) was used to examine the impact of affecting factors on consumers׳ attitude toward retailers and the impact of consumers׳ attitude toward retailers on purchase intention. Results indicated that the factors namely self-congruity, retailer awareness, retailer associations and retailer perceived quality have significant positive impacts on consumer׳s attitude toward retailers. The results also indicated that consumers׳ attitude toward retailers positively influences purchase intention. Arguably, this paper was the first to explore such linkages between the affecting factors that influence consumers׳ attitude toward retailers and purchase intention in Indian context.     

The Influence of Consumers' Environmental Sensitivity on Product Choices

Abstract

Given that current landfills are running out of space, consumers are becoming more concerned with reducing waste-particularly in product packaging. The literature cites conflicting findings regarding who is the environmentally conscious consumer. Some researchers have pointed to attitudinal characteristics while others emphasized demographic characteristics as predictors of environmental consciousness. Hence the purpose of the study was to predict the factors that influence intention to purchase environmentally packaged products. A convenience sample surveyed students enrolled in a southern California university (n = 179). The questionnaire was developed to assess respondents' attitudes regarding an organization's role in environmental conservation, societal orientation to physical surroundings, attitudes toward solid waste, intention to purchase environmentally packaged products and demographic characteristics. Results of Stepwise regression analysis indicated that attitudinal factors, not demographic characteristics, played a larger role in predicting intention to purchase environmentally packaged products at the p < 0.001 level. Implications of these findings suggest that marketers need to target those with strong attitudes toward the environment rather than market segment profiles based on demographic characteristics.     

Reexamining emerging market animosity toward western developed countries: A social dilemma in physical retailing consumption under normative influence

Focusing on physical retailing as an apparent target for boycotts in the context of emerging market consumers' animosity toward Western developed countries, this research pioneers in its in-depth examination of a social dilemma whereby consumers on one hand wish to avoid purchasing Western products/services to meet social expectations, while on the other wish to continue purchasing Western products/services, because of perceived Western product/service superiority, at the risk of social disapproval. Differing from conventional animosity research that largely neglects interpersonal influence, this research synthesizes social influence theory and social exchange theory to compare consumers’ purchase decisions in visible (physical retailing) and less-visible (online shopping) consumption contexts that are subject to different strengths of normative influence, and proposes a cost-benefit analysis to explain how consumers make trade-offs between social expectations and self-interest. Two studies were conducted to test the hypotheses. Our study findings have important implications for future animosity research on consumer services that are subject to stronger normative pressure.     

The CSR's influence on customer responses in Indian banking sector

In the face of growing attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in the marketplace, this paper seeks to demonstrate how corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives influence customer purchase intention in context of Indian retail banking. Further, the impact of awareness as a moderating variable between CSR and purchase intention has been examined. The conclusion drawn from this study have important implications for Indian banks as they suggest that building a socially responsible image might have a favorable effect on consumer purchase intention. Findings suggest that corporate ability has a strong effect on customer purchase intention while CSR activities were found to exert influence on customer purchase intention in cases where the customer was aware of such activities being conducted. This paper contributes to existing CSR literature by offering a deeper understanding into CSR dynamics and its effect on consumer purchase intention. Further, the study tests the level of consumer awareness of CSR activities in a real market situation (not artificial or simulated) which has not been done in previous studies.     

Me,my family or the public good? Do inter‐role conflicts of consumer–citizens reduce their ethical consumption behaviour?

This article examines role stress, especially inter‐role conflicts (IRC), against the background of the consumer–citizen duality. It tests whether consumer–citizen conflicts impair the purchase of ethical food in terms of the ethical intention–behaviour gap. Furthermore, this study examines the potential of eustress arising from citizen–consumer conflicts to enhance actual ethical purchases. Additionally, determinants and moderating conditions of both IRC are tested. A combination of observations of actual purchase behaviour and survey data in a field setting is used to gain insights into role conflict formation and manifestation, arising from the desire to fulfil the demands of two opposing roles: consumer and citizen. The quantitative data are analysed with structural equation modelling to test the hypothesized coherencies simultaneously. Results indicate that stress arises similarly from both IRC. While a positive impact of eustress on purchase behaviour was absent, consumer–citizen role conflicts impede the actual purchase of ethical groceries. The data show that this role conflict derives, for example, from economic demands sent by the consumer role set when a person has ethical buying intentions. Additionally, the identification with the consumer role further amplifies this conflict. The data indicate that consumers instead of citizens should be empowered by marketing practitioners and policy makers, for example by reducing the perception of stress by communicating positive outcomes referring to relevant consumer role set members (e.g., added value for children from purchasing ethically) to stimulate problem–focused coping.