乡村居民参与旅游发展的多维价值及完善建议——以贵州安顺天龙屯堡文化村为个案研究

乡村居民作为乡村旅游资源的重要载体和乡村旅游开发的核心利益主体，其参与旅游发展的态度、参与程度不仅关系到乡村居民自身利益，对于提高旅游者体验质量，开拓乡村旅游市场，促进乡村旅游地可持续发展等都有着重要的现实意义。本文在文献研究和实地调研的基础上，从实证经济学角度出发，以贵州安顺天龙屯堡乡村旅游发展模式为个案，对乡村居民参与旅游发展的实践进行分析，进一步探索和揭示乡村社区居民参与旅游发展的意义，并对社区居民参与旅游发展中的潜在问题提出完善建议。     

乡村旅游经营实体创业影响因素研究

在乡村旅游开发中,开办小型经营实体是社区参与的最主要形式,其健康发展直接影响到乡村旅游开发目标的实现.通过在广西乡村旅游地区对乡村旅游经营者创业影响因素的实地调查,经T检验和因子分析,得出乡村旅游经营实体创业受增加经济收入、自我实现、家庭生活需要、兴趣爱好、外部支持和投资风险的综合影响,并且随创业者个体差异、实体差异在多方面表现出显著不同.     

我国城乡旅游地居民参与旅游规划与发展研究

综合国内外居民参与研究的成就,本文提出了传统型、行政主导型、居民政府共同参与型和居民全过程主导参与型等4种居民参与旅游规划与发展模式.并从城市和乡村旅游地角度,比较了中山市和四项山旅游地的居民基本特征和居民参与旅游规划与发展的差异.根据居民参与旅游规划与发展差异,四顶山旅游地采用行政主导推动型模式,中山市旅游地采取居民政府共同参与型模式.在此基础上,从政府、规划师、居民教育及信息交流4个方面提出了居民参与实施对策.     

文化自信、利益均衡是确立乡村旅游伦理关系的基础

正乡村旅游与城市旅游、文物古迹旅游和风景名胜区旅游等有着明显的不同,乡村旅游产生和发展的内在动因源于城乡间的差异,这种差异造成了乡村旅游主客体间天然的身份不对称,并因此而影响到主客间的文化认同和价值认同。同时,由于乡村经济的相对落后,乡村旅游的规模化发展多以企业投资来实现,投资企业不管是本土的还是外来的,都会把"谁投资谁受益"作为旅游开发的当然原则,因此而产生了普通村民对乡村发展控制力的丧失、经营参与机会被剥夺、利益分配打折扣等一系列问题。因此,要构建和谐的乡村旅游伦理关系,必须     

民族地区社区增权对居民旅游参与意愿的影响

激发内生动力、推进乡村振兴,关系着民族复兴的进展和成效。为了探讨民族地区社区增权对居民旅游参与意愿的影响关系,文章从增权理论视角出发,引入社区增权、旅游支持态度等变量来构建居民旅游参与意愿的形成机理模型,选择了湖南凤凰、湖北恩施和重庆云阳等旅游目的地进行实证分析。研究发现：第一,社区增权是驱动居民旅游参与意愿的关键因素;第二,心理增权对社区增权的影响效果最为显著,社会增权和政治增权次之;第三,社区增权能强化居民旅游支持态度,但旅游支持态度和参与意愿之间并没有直接和必然的联系。管理者应重视社区增权在民族旅游发展中的重要作用,培育居民的主人翁精神,使其积极参与当地旅游开发,实现民族地区旅游健康可持续发展。     

居民视角下文化遗产旅游开发利益相关者博弈研究

居民生活的环境是为文化遗产旅游开发的一部分,代表了旅游目的地的独特文化,旅游开发中,居民是最核心的主体,但现实中居民的权益往往得不到保障。本文在对国内外文献研究进行了概述和对相关定义进行界定的基础上,从居民视角分析了文化遗产旅游开发带来的居民与政府的搬迁博弈和居民与开发商合作博弈,以此模型提出四点建议:对文化遗产地的遗产情况进行评定分级,实行搬迁和原地开发两种政策;建立居民委员会进行管理;旅游参与的创新,如居民以土地房屋等方式入股;遗产保护组织等监督机制。     

经济欠发达地区旅游开发模式研究

经济基础薄弱、社会文化素质低,决定了经济欠发达地区旅游开发应独辟蹊径。本文通过对经济欠发达旅游开发区特征、瓶颈问题、开发途径的研究,推导出经济欠发达地区旅游开发的一般模式,并提出西部旅游资源开发应遵循的原则。     

参与式乡村旅游开发模式探讨

参与式乡村旅游是农民参与旅游开发的重要形式．它能从根本上增加农民的收入，增加农村就业机会，有利于农村产业结构的调整；同时通过乡村旅游的开发建设，能够加速乡村非农化进程，增强农民环保意识，促进乡村城镇化的发展，最终实现乡村经济社会可持续发展的目标。在乡村旅游开发中有多种模式可以选择，但注重社区和居民参与的开发模式是最佳选择。只有通过对社区和居民的教育、培训和管理，增强居民的旅游服务意识，提高服务水平，树立市场营销理念，才能保证参与式乡村旅游沿着可持续的道路发展。     

乡村旅游扶贫的困境

正近年来,全国各地都在探索地方旅游产业的发展新方式,希望以此打响地区知名度,提升当地的旅游形象,带动居民增收致富。随着2020脱贫攻坚年的到来和乡村振兴的不断深入推进,如何将旅游与精准扶贫、乡村振兴相互结合,已成为了各地积极思考探索的问题。推进精准扶贫,就要针对国内不同贫困地区的区域环境、不同贫困户的现有状况,运用科学方法和有效程序对扶贫对象准确识别、指定帮扶、全面管理。通过开发贫困地区特有的乡村田园、民俗、文化等资源,打造具有当地地域特点的特色景观,让贫困     

乡村旅游地发展过程中的"公地悲剧"研究——以杭州梅家坞、龙坞茶村、山沟沟景区为例

乡村旅游地发展过程中的环境退化、村民无序争夺有限资源等"公地悲剧"现象十分普遍.乡村旅游资源的产权属性决定了"公地悲剧"产生的必然性,它表现为公共资源利用无度、公共秩序混沌失序和公共福利供给短缺,导致了乡村旅游核心资源迅速耗损和旅游品牌资产快速衰减,并严重影响了乡村旅游目的地的可持续发展.本文采用田野作业方法,主要分析了杭州梅家坞荼文化村、龙坞荼村和山沟沟景区"公地悲剧"的产生原因及其演变情况.文章还探讨了地方政府主导型、外来投资者主导型和农村集体组织主导型3种制度模式来解决乡村旅游中"公地悲剧"的基本思路.     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

Towards Strategic Intent: Perceptions of disability service provision amongst hotel accommodation managers

The tourism sector globally has become increasingly mindful of how an ageing population is reshaping service provision forms and offerings. This being particularly true of accommodation operations where there is a now a growing recognition of the commercial value for providing market groups with exceptional service. With this in mind, this study sought to ascertain the perceptions of managers in the accommodation sector towards disability service provision with a view to identifying any current service gaps or failings. An inductive, qualitative approach was used with the data collection phase incorporating a series of one on one interviews and a focus group. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 managers of hotels deemed to have accessible rooms that complied with the relevant building codes and standards. A focus group comprised 22 managers of hotels located in the Sydney central business district, Australia. Study findings revealed five key themes that had not been previously discussed in the literature. They were: inclusive attitudinal approach; safety; the responsibility of people with a disability to communicate their needs to the hotel; perceptions of accessible rooms by the general public; and operational processes. Related themes that emerged from the data analysis that had previously been aligned with the literature included: legislative responsibility, policy and building codes; disability as a market segment; staff awareness/training; and language, marketing, and promotion information. Implications with respect to management of accessible rooms in the accommodation sector are outlined and further areas of research are proposed.     

Organized Youth Sport and Parenting in Public and Private Spaces

This article examines the connection of organized youth sport to cultural beliefs, values and practices of contemporary parenting ideologies, specifically the idealization of intensive mothering and involved fathering. It explores how parenting ideologies are constructed by the discourses expressed by individuals in their everyday lives through their children's sport participation. Moreover, the analysis of the parental discourse illustrates how parenting goes beyond the home environment and becomes a public act that is observed by other parents, with these observations creating the basis of what is deemed to be a good parent. Emphasis is also placed on the gendered dimensions of meeting the expectations for being a good parent.     

Leisure and the rich today: Veblen's thesis after a century

This paper calls for a revisionist reading of the thesis of the leisure class. Veblen's great work The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) argued that society is ruled by a leisure class. The primary identifying characteristics of this class are prodigious wealth, voluntary abnegation from pecuniary labour and conspicuous consumption. Veblen's argument suggested the decomposition of the work ethic because the characteristics cultivated by the rich would be emulated by the lower orders. Schor's The Overworked American (1991) work suggests that overwork, not leisure is one of the primary identifying characteristics of postwar culture. The article uses statistical and biographical data on the rich today to provide a counterpoint to Veblen's thesis. It is argued that the rich are not characterized by a rejection of work. On the contrary the richest people in the world typically work longer hours than the average. For these individuals work adopts a play form which probably contrasts sharply with wider social experience. Data on the leisure of Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and Richard Branson is examined to assemble a position on leisure and the rich which contrasts with the Veblen thesis.     

Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization

This article examines the development of souvenirs research in tourism studies. It looks at souvenirs from four broad vantage points, namely historical perspectives on souvenirs research, souvenirs as messengers of meaning, souvenirs as tradable commodities and the commodification of souvenirs and handicrafts. Part of this includes the supply and demand aspects of souvenir production and consumption, including the distribution system and various aspects of producers. The paper also considers the commodification process of native arts and crafts into consumable tourism products and suggests future directions for additional works in this understudied area of tourism research.     

The BYOB of wine phenomenon of consumers in the Australian licensed on-premise foodservice sector

The overall aim of this baseline exploratory study was to explore the behaviour of wine consumers while dining out in the licensed on-premise sector of foodservice outlets in Australia. It examined the incidence and dynamics of the rather unique situation associated with wine in these outlets, namely the “bring-your-own-bottle of wine” (BYOB) phenomenon. A total of 816 respondents provided information regarding their most recent dining out experience. It was found that the BYOB of wine phenomenon is quite prevalent in Australian licensed on-premise foodservice outlets with 26% of all diners reporting that they had engaged in this the last time they dined out. Females engaged in the BYOB of wine to a greater extent than males and cited the lower cost to them as the main reason. Evidence was also found that the main motivating factor for the BYOB of wine phenomenon among diners was their risk perception levels and that it was therefore employed by consumers mainly as a risk-reduction strategy (RRS). This study showed that the BYOB of wine phenomenon should be added to the knowledge base on generic risk-reduction strategies of the on-premise foodservice sector.     

Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts

This study investigated residents’ perceptions of tourism’s impact on communities. Data were collected via a statewide survey, using social exchange theory; results suggest residents recognize many positive and negative consequences. Those who feel tourism is important for economic development, benefit from it, and are knowledgeable about the greater positive impacts, but do not differ from others with respect to perceptions of tourism’s negative consequences. It is becoming clear that broad-based education and awareness campaigns may be a step toward increased understanding of the industry and, ultimately, greater support of the benefits to a community.     

Second home second view : Host community perceptions

This paper discusses second home owners' perceptions of facilities and services within the community, and moves beyond previous research that addressed primary motivation for location decisions. A total of 513 respondents contributed information on outdoor and indoor recreational activities, tax-supported services, health-care services, environment, crowding, and increases in tourism within a Wisconsin second home community. Findings show that the second home owners may influence the facilities, services, and sociocultural aspects of the community. Second home owners' attitudes and perceptions may be as important in determining community direction as permanent resident perceptions.     

Achieving Top Level Performance from a Multicultural Workforce

ABSTRACT

Today the business environment calls for top level performance. This means employees and managers must be highly motivated. This paper suggests there is one overriding force that forms the foundation upon which other motivational techniques must be built or applied. The foundation is: respect for cultural differences. Other managerial techniques are presented herein, that when built upon this foundation provide for potential employee and managerial success.     

Revisiting importance–performance analysis

As a tool to develop marketing strategies, importance–performance analysis has gained popularity among hospitality and tourism researchers for its simplicity and ease of application. This article revisited several conceptual and methodological issues inherent, but often overlooked, in using the importance–performance analysis framework. The author conducts a critical review of past studies, reanalyzes published data to raise questions, and develops suggestions for future hospitality and tourism research applying importance–performance analysis. The primary goal of this article was to stimulate further discussion and research on the validity and reliability of widely adopted importance–performance analysis.