企业数字化转型与杠杆操纵

企业杠杆操纵行为会增加企业财务风险和系统性金融风险。从信息互补视角的实证分析表明，企业数字化转型能显著降低其杠杆操纵程度，且数字化转型对弱银企关联型企业杠杆操纵的抑制作用更显著。机制检验表明，数字化转型提高了弱银企关联型企业公开信息透明度，缓解了融资约束，抑制了企业杠杆操纵行为。进一步分析发现，媒体关注度、研发投入和银企关联强度在企业数字化转型对其杠杆操纵的影响中发挥了调节作用。经济后果分析表明，企业数字化转型调整了弱银企关联型企业杠杆结构，促进企业“脱虚向实”，且优化了银行信贷资源配置效率，降低了银行对抵押品的依赖。上述结论不仅从信息互补视角厘清了企业数字化转型抑制企业杠杆操纵的路径，更为深化企业数字化转型、推动银行金融科技发展并促进数字技术与实体经济深度融合提供了有益参考。     

政治关联、融资约束与资本结构周期性变动

政治关联在一定程度上决定了企业面临的融资约束程度,进而影响企业资本结构的周期性变动,基于此,本文比较分析了面临弱融资约束的国企、有政治关联的民企及面临强融资约束的无政治关联民企三类企业资本结构的周期性变动特征,剖析了其呈现不同特征的原因,并探讨了融资约束对资本结构周期性变动的影响。研究表明,有政治关联的民企资本结构呈顺经济周期特征,与此相反,同样面临弱融资约束的国企,资本结构却呈逆经济周期特征,可能原因在于国企资本结构决策并未站在所有者利益角度、承担了较多政策性职能以及国有资本要求回报率过低等。由于受到强融资约束,不具有政治关联的民企资本结构并未表现出顺周期特征,这说明融资约束确实限制了企业最优资本结构的实现。此外,针对不同行业及不同期限债务的研究发现,基建投资类行业国企资本结构逆经济周期特征尤为明显,短期借款呈顺周期特征,而长期借款呈逆周期特征。     

我国农业上市公司的政治关联与融资便利性

本文以社会资本理论为切入点，实证分析政治关联对我国农业上市公司获取银行信贷融资及其期限结构的影响。以1996—2010年间在沪深两地上市的农业企业为样本，以董事长是否现在或曾经担任政府官员、人大代表、政协委员来判断政治关联。检验结果发现，农业上市公司的政治关联与银行贷款数量显著正相关；政治关联所带来的融资便利性，更多表现为获取银行的短期贷款。研究表明，政治关联作为一种特殊的社会资本，能够作为非正式制度帮助农业企业获得银行信贷支持。     

对企业融资结构的理性思考

本文首先解释了企业融资结构的含义,并且介绍了20世纪以来在该领域的主要理论及西方国家的实践情况。然后在分析我国的银企关系的基础上,提出最优的企业融资结构应该是存在的,而我国资本市场的发展为高效的融资结构提供了可能性。但是可能性不等于现实性。目前无论是资本市场的改革还是商业银行的改革都任重道远。     

资本错配、融资约束与企业研发投入——来自中国高新技术上市公司的经验证据

企业研发能够推动技术进步和创新,是当前我国供给侧结构性改革的核心动力。基于2010—2017年中国高新技术上市公司年报数据,检验资本错配和融资约束对企业研发投入的影响。结果发现:资本错配对企业研发投入存在抑制效应;融资约束不仅对企业研发具有直接负向影响,还会强化资本错配对研发投入的抑制效应,但上述融资约束的影响仅在非国有企业中存在,对国有企业没有显著影响。因此,针对不同所有制企业提供多渠道融资体系,提高资金配置效率,降低企业融资成本,有利于推动企业创新和供给侧改革。     

监督，信息抑或流动性缓解——企业与银行建立战略联盟能降低债券融资成本吗？

如何更好地通过市场化体制机制配置信贷资本要素,对缓解我国企业的“融资难”“融资贵”现象和实现国家治理体系与治理能力现代化具有重要意义,本文研究企业与银行建立战略联盟这一市场化机制对企业债券融资成本的影响作用。研究发现：企业与银行建立战略联盟可以显著降低其债券融资成本;进一步研究表明,这种作用通过监督效应、信号传递以及流动性担保得以实现,并且在较长期间内依然存在,而经银企联盟有效降低债券融资成本的企业投资效率、经营绩效和市场价值显著提升。本文的研究结果——体现市场逻辑的银企战略联盟对缓解企业“融资贵”和促进高质量发展具有积极作用,不仅支持了全面深化改革背景下完善资本要素市场化配置体制机制所坚持的前进方向,而且对战略联盟和债券市场发展的学术研究进行了有益补充。     

资本错配、融资约束与企业研发投入

企业研发能够推动技术进步和创新，是当前我国供给侧结构性改革的核心动力。基于2010—2017年中国高新技术上市公司年报数据，检验资本错配和融资约束对企业研发投入的影响。结果发现：资本错配对企业研发投入存在抑制效应；融资约束不仅对企业研发具有直接负向影响，还会强化资本错配对研发投入的抑制效应，但上述融资约束的影响仅在非国有企业中存在，对国有企业没有显著影响。因此，针对不同所有制企业提供多渠道融资体系，提高资金配置效率，降低企业融资成本，有利于推动企业创新和供给侧改革。     

债务融资对公司治理的影响

资本结构中股权资本和债务资本是现代公司制企业两种最基本的,也是最主要的资本来源,同时也代表着资金所有者对企业的两种不同的治理方式.由于我国企业的融资具有“内源融资“的性质,因此债务融资在公司治理中就不能发挥有效的作用.建立新型的银企关系,强化债务融资在我国公司治理中的作用.     

宏观冲击下企业资本结构的动态调整

本文从理论和经验两方面研究宏观冲击对我国上市公司融资选择和资本结构动态调整行为的影响。构建的资本结构动态调整模型表明,作为外生宏观冲击,信贷市场和权益市场的数量性和成本性指标的变动,对企业选择负债还是权益融资以及由此形成的资本结构具有重要影响;经验研究结果表明,经济环境与宏观政策的波动通过改变企业面临的信贷融资环境和权益融资环境进而影响资本结构的动态调整。这种影响对不同资产规模的企业存在差异。大企业的信贷获得能力强,向目标资本结构调整的速度快,但对信贷成本的关注度相对较低。相反,小企业信贷获得的竞争力较弱,对成本指标的变动更为敏感。股权融资方面,权益市场扩张使得企业通过上市首发、增发、配股等途径获得权益资本的机会更多,但股市收益率对企业资本结构影响的经济意义不显著。     

中国上市公司资本结构与融资方式分析

资本结构理论是基于实现企业价值最大化或股东财富最大化的目标，研究企业资本结构中债务资本和权益资本的比例变化对企业价值的影响。本文阐述了现代西方资本结构理论中的MM理论，权衡模型，激励理论，非对称信息论和控制理论的内容。在此基础上结合中国的实际情况分析了中国企业特别是上市公司偏好股权融资的现象，并对影响中国上市公司融资偏好的原因及股权融资偏好的影响进行了剖析。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...