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1.
We show theoretically that when larger firms pay higher wages and are more likely to be caught defaulting on labor taxes, then large-high wage firms will be in the formal and small-low wage firms will be in the informal sector. The formal sector wage premium is thus just a firm size wage differential. Using data from Ecuador we illustrate that firm size is indeed the key variable determining whether a formal sector premium exists. 相似文献
2.
Our paper examines the impact of minimum wage on firm markup in China. We find that minimum wage generates a positive effect on firm markup. More value-enhancing innovative activities, TFP improvement, and efficient labor resource allocation are the potential channels. Further, the positive influence of minimum wage is more pronounced for privately-owned firms, for firms with higher labor intensity and firms with less financial constraints. Besides, these findings are generally robust to different estimation methods. Our results provide new insights into understanding the channels through which labor regulation may cause the change of markup for the emerging markets countries. 相似文献
3.
A model of tax competition in which firms earn rents is described. The size of these rents, coupled with the degree to which the firms are foreign-owned, determine the equilibrium tax rates. The existence of rents significantly alters some generally accepted results involving the possibility of a Pareto-improving common tax rate and the underprovision of publicly provided goods. 相似文献
4.
Jiwei Lou 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2016,11(2):196
This article discusses the challenges facing China’s economy and assesses the likelihood of China falling into the “middle-income trap.” In the view of this author, an upper middle growth rate of 6.5% to 7% can be achieved if China undertakes further economic reforms in the areas of agriculture, household registration system, urbanization and social insurance system. 相似文献
5.
This paper analyzes how financial globalization affects skilled-unskilled wage inequality. We treat financial globalization as more regions being integrated into the global financial market. We find that a higher degree of financial globalization will decrease skilled-unskilled wage inequality if it induces a small increase in the capital tax rate. However, a higher degree of financial globalization will increase skilled-unskilled wage inequality if it induces a big increase in the capital tax rate. 相似文献
6.
This paper analyses the determinants of privatization prices in a multi-industry study using a sample of 68 recently privatized firms from Turkey. Results show that revenue and market characteristics are significant determinants of privatization prices while current cost and profit indicators are not. It is argued that potential buyers regard these state firms as inefficient, therefore do not take into consideration their current costs and profits in determining their value. When the dependent variable is altered by dividing the firm's privatization price by the firm's sales (revenues), it is found that sales-adjusted privatization prices are responsive to firms profit margins. However, this result does not hold when the sample is restricted to a single industry. Profit margins along with other profitability and firm efficiency measures are no longer significant determinants of sales-adjusted privatization prices in the cement industry analysis. Unexploited production opportunities measured by capacity utilization ratios, and complete private ownership resume a more important role. 相似文献
7.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a free trade agreement (FTA) that is currently under negotiation among China and 15 other Asian countries. It is one of several potential mega-regional FTAs in the Asia-Pacific region. In this paper we investigate the potential effect of RCEP on foreign direct investment (FDI) with a focus on China using an innovative computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The model is built on the theory of firm heterogeneity extended to FDI. The framework is able to capture FDI increases along both the intensive and extensive margins. Liberalization under RCEP is simulated as impacting on FDI both directly through FDI liberalization and indirectly through trade liberalization. Our simulation results suggest that RCEP would encourage significant increases in FDI to China through both these pathways. While competition from imports drives out the least productive foreign owned firms, export expansion of firms using FDI will lead to an overall increase in foreign investment. In addition, the facilitation of trade in intermediate goods tends to promote vertical FDI. The direct FDI effect from investment liberalization will evidently promote FDI from partners. Projected economic gains to China from RCEP are in the range of US$103–214 billion, or 1.1–2.2% of GDP. 相似文献
8.
市场化、全球化与劳动力工资不平等增长——基于第二产业的实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对我国劳动力工资普遍上涨现象,通过对第二产业的实证分析,揭示了竞争性行业工资水平及其增长速度均远远低于垄断性行业的现实,认为与市场化和全球化进程不相适应的体制性因素是工资不平等增长的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
Erling Barth Henning Finseraas Anders Kjelsrud Kalle Moene 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2023,125(1):32-72
Coordination in collective wage setting can constrain potential monopoly gains to unions in non-tradable industries. Countries with national wage coordination can thus stabilize overall employment against fluctuations and shocks in the world economy. We investigate this argument by exploring within-country variation in exposure to competition from China in 13 European countries. Our estimates demonstrate that in countries with uncoordinated wage setting, regions with higher import exposure experienced a marked fall in employment, while countries with wage coordination experienced no such employment effects. We show that our findings are robust to alternative measures of wage coordination, industry classifications, and trade exposure. 相似文献
10.
We evaluate the impact of large minimum wage hikes on employment and wage growth in Poland between 2004 and 2018. We estimate panel data models utilizing the considerable variation in wage levels, and in minimum wage bites, across 73 Polish NUTS 3 regions. We find that minimum wage hikes had a significant positive effect on wage growth and a significant negative effect on employment growth only in regions of Poland that were in the first tercile of the regional wage distribution in 2007. These effects were moderate in size, and appear to be more relevant for wages. Specifically, if the ratio of minimum wage to average wage had remained constant after 2007, by 2018, the average wages in these regions would have been 3.2% lower, while employment would have been 1.2% higher. In the remaining two-thirds of Polish regions, we find no significant effects of minimum wage hikes on average wages or on employment. 相似文献
11.
为了尽快提高山西中等收入阶层的比重,构建\"橄榄型\"社会阶层结构,必须不断加强培育和扩大中等收入阶层的舆论导向;以培育和扩大中等收入阶层为重点,深化收入分配制度改革;大力发展教育,促使低收入阶层向中等收入阶层转化;制定合理的产业政策,推进产业结构的优化升级;切实解决\"三农\"问题,促进农民成为中等收入者;大力发展非公有制经济和中介服务业. 相似文献
12.
劳动力异质性与中国最低工资标准就业效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
最低工资是当今世界各国广泛应用的经济政策,也是经济学家关心的议题。我国的最低工资标准偏低,且执行程度欠佳,所以我国的最低工资覆盖情况实际上符合部分覆盖的假设。同时由于我国劳动力的异质性以及最低工资制度的实施,导致未覆盖部门的低技能劳动力就业增多,而覆盖部门的高技能劳动力就业比例增多,总的就业效应方向并不明确。 相似文献
13.
中国出口快速增长的原因与效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
方福前 《经济理论与经济管理》2005,(10):12-17
近几年中国出口快速增长的主要原因之一是中国工人工资率显著偏低。中国出口快速增长隐含着较高的机会成本或政策支持成本。中国经济融入全球化的方式是独特的:中国出口的产品是用发达国家的资本、技术和中国廉价的劳动力(加上廉价的土地)相结合生产出来的,中国处于这些产品全球化生产链条中的末端。在中国出口快速增长的背后,是中国自然资源和劳动力的收益大量外流,中国国内的收入分配差距扩大,工人、农民的收入和消费增长缓慢。其结果,一方面加剧了中国国内各方面的利益矛盾;另一方面又加剧了中国与发达国家的利益矛盾。 相似文献
14.
Lynda A. Porter 《International economic journal》2013,27(2):229-246
We present a duopoly model with heterogeneous firms that vary in cost-efficiency, each of which can choose to serve a foreign market by either exporting or local production. We do so to analyse the effects of a host-country corporate profit tax on both the scale and composition of FDI, and find that: strategic interaction between oligopolistic firms provides for a pattern of FDI that favours cost-inefficiency to the detriment of host-country welfare; and the host-country tax rate can be optimally used to avoid such patterns of FDI and instead promote direct investment by a relatively cost-efficient firm. 相似文献
15.
In a model of international trade with horizontally differentiated goods, increasing returns and monopolistically competitive markets, this paper proposes that the degree of differentiation in a product mix–defined as the ratio of the number of varieties to the total value of imports–can be regarded as another aspect of quality. Furthermore, this paper draws a parallel to the Alchian–Allen effect and shows that, when firms are heterogeneous in either fixed or variable costs, the degree of differentiation is increasing in per unit transportation costs. 相似文献
16.
William Blankenau 《Review of Economic Dynamics》1999,2(4):820-849
I build a model with heterogeneous agents which is consistent both with rising wage inequality across education levels and with an increasing relative number of college graduates. I use the model to investigate the welfare implications of policies which influence the structure of net wages. Each policy affects agents directly through taxes and subsides and indirectly as wages respond to changes in the relative supply of skilled and unskilled workers. I find that as wage inequality grows due to skill-biased technological change, policies which promote a more egalitarian wage structure can become increasingly acceptable to all agents and that for nearly all agents, education subsidies may be preferred to direct transfers as a means of decreasing wage inequality. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E60, I28, H52. 相似文献
17.
Chunbing Xing 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2012,7(2):305
We use household surveys from 1995, 2002, and 2007 to examine how changes in job structure contributed to China’s rising urban wage inequality, considering three job characteristics: occupation, industry, and firm ownership. The explanatory power of job structure for wage inequality increased between 1995 and 2007. Both the change in relative number of jobs (composition effect) and the change in between-job and within-job wage gaps (price effect) contributed to rising wage inequality. Price effect was the major contributor, whereas composition effect played a larger role in the 1995–2002 period than in the 2002–2007 period, and at the lower-half distribution. Between-job inequality played a major role in the first period, and within-job inequality played a major role in the second period. Our results suggest that both technological change and institutional features influence job structure and wage inequality. 相似文献
18.
本文基于2010～2017年A股工业上市公司数据,同时匹配223个地级及以上城市环境规制数据,采用面板固定效应模型,实证检验环境规制对企业工资水平的影响效应与作用机制。研究发现,环境规制提高了我国工业上市公司的工资水平,改善了社会福利,且劳动生产率发挥重要中介作用。在使用湿度作为工具变量后,回归结果仍然稳健。进一步,基于城市和行业特征异质性的分析表明,环境规制对非资源型、高金融发展水平和高对外开放度城市以及技术密集型和低自然资源依赖度行业中工业企业工资水平的促进作用更为显著。环境规制对工业企业工资水平的影响呈现出明显的低资源、高资金、高开放和高技术偏向。本文为中国实现“双赢”的目标提供了不同的思路。 相似文献
19.
杨扬 《技术经济与管理研究》2015,(6)
我国中小企业经济环境瞬息万变,企业如要保持良好的绩效和竞争力需要对企业的内外部环境做出正确的判断并做出适当的决策。企业通过有效的战略规划,确立自身在市场上的发展方向并配合监督、控制从而达到企业预期的经营绩效。然而在中小企业中,决策质量的高低直接受到企业家素质的影响。因此文章以我国中小企业为样本,运用实证分析方法,探讨企业家异质性与企业绩效的关联。实证结果显示：企业绩效与企业家年龄、经营企业前后是否参加相关的管理或技术训练呈显著正相关关系。而企业家的教育程度与企业绩效间关系不显著,与预期假设不符。 相似文献
20.
Using a consistent estimator of the covariance matrix of the asymptotic distribution of the quantile regression estimator with intra-cluster correlation of the error terms, the paper investigates whether and to what extent inter-industry wage differentials derive from worker heterogeneity in the form of unobserved quality. To conduct this study, we pioneer in utilizing a unique data set, the European Union Structure of Earnings Survey for Greece, which follows a two-stage random sampling approach of employees clustered within firms. Data refer to 2010 when the first elements of the economic adjustment programme to deal with the chronic deficiencies of the Greek economy and restore sustainable public finances, competitiveness and set the foundation for long-term growth, gained visibility. Results point to high wage dispersion across industries at the mean of the conditional wage distribution, even after controlling for personal and workplace characteristics. However, evidence for the unobserved heterogeneity hypothesis is rather scant. Therefore, there is room for efficiency wage or rent-sharing theories in accounting for a large part of inter-industry wage differentials tentatively implying that firm heterogeneity in the ability to pay matters more than employee unobservable attributes in the wage determination process. 相似文献