基于土地利用转型的土地多功能转变与特征分析——以河北省唐县为例

研究目的:从土地利用转型角度研究土地多功能演变规律与特征。研究方法:本文以研究区2000年、2007年、2016年三期影像解译数据,借助Arc GIS 10.0软件平台,利用土地利用转移矩阵,分析2000—2016年土地利用转型情况;利用三生功能理论和重心迁移理论,划分生产、生活、生态(简称三生)功能用地,分析探讨三生功能时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)研究区2000—2016年林地、草地、城镇和农村居民点用地面积显著增加,未利用地面积急剧下降,下降比例达41.33%。耕地与城镇和农村居民点用地间的转换主要在中南部地势平坦地带,林地、草地与未利用地间的转化主要在研究区的中部和北部的山地丘陵地带。(2)乡镇土地功能间转化均表现生产功能用地转生活功能用地,同时生态功能用地转生产功能用地、生活功能用地。生活功能用地、生产功能用地比例分别增加8.24%和3.43%。研究期内三生功能用地重心均向西北部移动,且纬向移动幅度大于经向移动幅度。生产、生活、生态功能用地重心分别向西北移动2436.56 m、100600.96 m和2022.21 m。(3)生活功能用地中中心城镇在原空间基础上向外扩张,农村居民点在原空间上有所收缩,沿交通线发展迅速;生产功能用地扩展方向主要是未利用地,向中北部区域扩展,水源条件为关键因素;生态功能用地正逐渐让步于生产、生活功能用地。研究结论:从土地利用转型角度研究土地多功能转变能够客观具体的反映土地利用变化动因与发展趋势,可为区域土地利用与管理提供参考。     

厦门市土地利用演变动态及灰色预测

根据2001~2011年厦门市土地利用变更数据,采用土地利用动态模型和土地利用综合程度指数分析该市近11年来土地利用变化情况,并利用GM(1,1)模型对该市未来10年土地利用演变动态进行预测。研究表明:2001~2011年,厦门市各类土地利用变化速度各不相同,其中以交通用地、居民点与工矿用地变化速度最快分别为13.88%、6.34%,土地利用程度呈波动上升状态;预测2012~2021年厦门市耕地、园地将分别以2.92%、4.38%速度减少,其它用地则以不同程度增加,其中交通用地增加最明显为27.91%,而林地面积变化不大。     

近10年崇州市土地利用变化基本特征与空间格局

[目的]土地利用变化研究是揭示土地利用对人类活动响应程度的重要途径,通过对其变化特征及空间格局的研究讨论人地关系在不同地域空间上的强度与作用模式。[方法]基于2002年、2014年TM/ETM+影像,在RS和GIS技术的支持下,采用人机交互图像处理方法提取了崇州市土地利用信息,应用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度、空间转移图谱、城市扩展指数、缓冲分析模型和方法对崇州市近10年来土地利用变化时空特征进行了研究。[结果](1)土地利用类型以林地、耕地、建设用地为主,建设用地动态度最大达到5.72;整体土地利用程度由254.25增长到260.93,各乡镇变动值差异较大。(2)土地空间转换面积达1.850 85万hm~2,占研究区总面积的16.94%;增长面积最大的图谱单元依次是新增建设用地、新增耕地和新增林地;建设用地、耕地、水体与高程、坡度之间负相关性显著,坡度0°~6°是人类活动最频繁的区域。(3)中心城区建设用地面积大幅增长,缓冲范围内建设用地面积增加了2 120.76hm~2,城市中心自河流向东、东南、东北3个方向扩展。[结论]崇州市土地利用整体处于快速发展时期,地域差异明显,受人类活动影响显著。     

济南市土地利用动态监测分析

选用济南市1995年和2000年两期遥感影像,利用ERDAS软件图像处理模块及计算机解译模块,分别提取两期影像中城镇、交通、工矿用地,林地,草地,耕地,水体及其它未利用土地;利用EXCEI数据处理功能和ARCVIEW统计分析模块得出五年来济南市区土地利用面积变化表及转移矩阵表,并总结了五年来土地利用动态变化的特征。     

山东省土地利用变化的基本特征与区域差异

本文基于1990、2000、2010和2015年山东省的四期Landsat TM遥感影像,采用目视解译方法,对山东省的土地利用类型进行人工解译得到四个时期的土地利用数据库,运用单一土地利用动态度来描述土地类型的变化强度,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能计算各土地利用类型之间的转移矩阵,从而分析山东省土地利用类型的转移特征与区域差异。结果显示,(1)1990-2015年,山东省耕地面积不断减少,主要向建设用地、水域、林地转变;城镇建设用地面积不断上升且呈“东中集中,西北西南相对少”的趋势;农村居民点用地面积增长较快的主要特点是“西北西南增幅大,自东向西蔓延”,面积增长较快;天然湖泊等水域面积向人工水域面积转变,变化最大为南四湖;(2)土地利用动态度变化较大,整体来看,建设用地变化最大,其次是水域、耕地和未利用地;(3)土地利用变化原因主要在于经济驱动、市场导向和政策调控。其中,经济驱动因素主要在耕地—建设用地转换中最为明显,市场导向更多地影响了土地利用类型内部的相互转换,而政策调控直接影响了耕地—林地的相互变化。     

基于RS和GIS的武汉市土地利用变化研究

应用RS和GIS技术对武汉市进行土地利用变化检测,对LANSAT TM影像进行处理和解译,获取反映武汉市1987年、2000年和2011年三个时期土地利用变化数据。通过应用土地利用类型转移模型,土地利用动态度模型和土地利用程度综合指数模型,对武汉市进行土地利用分类研究,并总结了驱动力因素。结果表明,研究区以裸地、林地、草地为主。1987-2011年,裸地和水体的面积持续下降;建设用地急剧扩张;耕地和草地面积先增后降,林地面积先降后增。由于人类活动的干预,研究区土地要素类型转化较为频繁,主要表现为裸地转林地,林地转建设用地,草地转裸地和林地,水体转裸地和建设用地。武汉地区土地利用变化是自然条件、经济因素、人口因素和政策因素等多因素综合作用的结果,人类活动是这种变化的主导因子。     

重庆市黔江区土地利用变化及其驱动力分析

利用重庆市黔江区1996-2005年土地利用变化数据,分析了该区土地利用变化的基本特点,即居民点及工矿用地、交通用地、林地面积大量增加;耕地、园地、其他农用地、未利用地面积大量减少.并运用SPSS软件分析了影响土地利用变化的主导因素,认为人口增长、经济发展、城镇化与工业化、土地政策是导致黔江区土地利用变化的主要因素.     

大城市郊县改区土地利用空间格局演化与驱动因素研究——以山东省济南市长清区为例

土地利用空间格局演化研究对于实现土地资源最佳综合效益以及保障城市可持续发展意义重大。利用2000年、2007年和2015年这3期TM遥感影像解译的土地利用现状数据,对济南市长清区2001年从郊县改为市区之后的土地利用空间格局演化进行深入分析。结果显示:长清区土地利用变化具有明显的时空分异特征。从时间维度看,各种土地利用类型的动态度在这期间也相对较大,其中,水域、林地、建设用地呈现较为明显的增长趋势,其他用地、草地和耕地呈现递减趋势。从空间维度看,土地利用结构变动明显,呈现明显的非农化趋势,耕地面积减少,城镇用地、交通用地等用地规模快速增长。另外受期内生态退耕政策影响,林地面积也持续增长。从土地利用类型转换角度来看,耕地是其他用地类型最主要的补给来源。最后主要从经济因素、社会因素、制度因素和自然因素四方面进行土地利用空间格局演化驱动力分析。     

基于土地利用变化的 三江平原景观生态风险研究

利用ArcGIS 10.2和Fragstats 4.2软件,通过土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数和景观风险指数等,分析了2000～2015年三江平原土地利用变化和景观生态风险.结果表明,(1)2000～2015年,三江平原的土地利用类型发生了明显变化,耕地、水体、建设用地面积增加,林地、草地、未利用地面积减少,土地利用效...     

经济高速发展时期河南省土地利用变化分析研究

以河南省为研究区,对不同年份的土地利用数据进行分类系统整合,在此基础上,对河南省1996~2009年土地利用类型进行了对比分析,分析得出耕地、城镇村及工矿用地、林地、交通运输用地面积在增加,园地、草地、水域及水利设施用地、其它土地面积在减少,在各类土地类型转换中,林地是变化最为激烈的土地利用类型,其次是其它土地,变化最稳定的地类是交通运输用地,其次是耕地。     

Drivers of informal settlements at the peri-urban areas of Woldia: Assessment on the demographic and socio-economic trigger factors

Though Ethiopia is one of the least urbanized countries of the world, its urban areas are expanding rapidly. Woldia, which is a Zonal town is no exception to this trend and situation. As a result of its rapid horizontal expansion and growth, Woldia is currently confronted with different types of urban problems. The emergence and growth of informal settlements is one of these challenges. To that end, this paper investigates the foremost demographic and socio-economic triggering factors that played key roles for the growth of informal settlements at the peri-urban areas of Woldia. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire survey covering a total of 244 sample households was carried out in addition to in-depth interviews, FGDs and key informants. Accordingly, the income disparity; the rise in the lease price of urban land, and the meager compensation paid to peri-urban farmers during their lands expropriation are among the key economic drivers for the growth of informal settlements. Similarly, ever-increasing urban population and inefficient land provision, and lack of housing affordability compounded by the rise in the rental accommodation are the other triggers factors. All these factors, among others, point to the fact that socio-economic and demographic factors are all tied to the immediate growth of such settlements. Thus, lands at the periphery are misused and the situation has greatly contributed to the unlawful and rapid expansion of built-up areas in the city administration.     

基于CA模型的城市边缘区土地利用演变模拟——以广州市花都区为例

研究目的：探索土地利用的多地类CA模拟方法,并掌握城市边缘区土地利用变化规律。研究方法：选取典型城市边缘区 —— 广州市花都区为研究区域,利用C#语言结合ArcEngine GIS平台编程进行花都区土地利用演变CA模拟研究。以不同时间研究区土地利用图为基础数据,比较研究期内各地类的变化数量与方向以确定地类转换之间的优先级,并确定各地类的转换概率阈值。然后利用蒙特卡罗方法结合控制因素进行判断,最终确定元胞的转化状态。研究结果：模拟结果表明,2000 — 2005年间,新增建设用地分布在除北部山区以外的所有区域,但主要集中在城市中心区域,农用地主要分布在西南部和东北部,而且破碎化程度越来越高。在流向上,仍然有不少数量的农用地（主要为耕地和林地）转向建设用地。与实际情况相比,模拟的数量精度为84.8%,位置精度为71.3%。研究结论：研究结果表明此方法便于理解与操作,同时模拟精度较高。     

重庆市渝北区城市空间扩展模式分析

城市化过程的城区形态变异是以建设用地的向外扩展为显著特征的,而空间扩展的规律、过程和特征是衡量城市化发展水平和模式的主要标准。研究基于近二十年来重庆市渝北建成区时空分布情况,应用遥感与地理信息系统技术,分析了渝北建成区空间扩展的面积、速率、方向、模式以及区内的道路建设扩展情况,揭示了渝北建成区以及道路建设空间扩展的规律、过程和特征,为该区域的城市规划、城市水土资源管理和宏观调控决策等提供了科学的依据。     

资源型城市空间扩展研究——以徐州市为例

以我国东部地区典型资源型城市徐州市为例,综合集成MSS、TM、SPOT等遥感影像和地形图、城市历史地图及其它空间数据,在遥感、地理信息系统等技术支持下,通过扩展强度、分形雏数、扩展方向等指标分析了徐州市城市扩展的时空特征,并从自然、经济、社会等方面探讨城市扩展的驱动力.结果表明:建国以来的近60年间,徐州市城市空间显著...     

Assessment of relation of land use characteristics with vector-borne diseases in tropical areas

Land use and land cover changes play an important role in the occurrence of vector-borne diseases. It is highly essential to identify the prominent changes responsible for its occurrence so that suitable measures can be adopted. An attempt was made to identify the prominent land use and land cover changes responsible for the spread of chikungunya, malaria, and dengue fever in the State of Kerala, India, using hierarchical cluster analysis and multiple regression analysis. Large extent of water bodies, low land and agricultural land played a significant role on the incidence of chikungunya and malaria. High population density, built-up area and agricultural area favoured dengue fever. Vector-borne diseases were found to be the lowest in places where there is no low land and with higher forest area. Inappropriate disposal of wastes generated in the built-up area might be the reason for the spread of dengue fever. Freshwater in drains of these areas is polluted and form breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Hence much attention is to be paid to provide appropriate treatment and disposal of wastes generated in the built-up area of the State In an evolving urban policy, priority is to be given to the installation of safe treatment and disposal facility of wastes especially, sewage, sullage, and solid waste. The protection of forest land also plays an important role. Economic policy instruments such as Payment for Environment Services (PES) schemes, may constitute a useful tool to encourage an improved land use management through appropriate price signals, such as, for instance, for the preservation of forested areas especially in proximity of highly populated urban environments.     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的福州城区建筑用地变化动态监测

利用2006年DMC和2008年UCD两期高分辨率的正射航空遥感影像,对福州市城区建筑用地变化情况进行监测。提取并分析了福州市城区建筑用地变化的特征和规律。结果表明,近两年仓山区建筑用地面积变化最大,增长速度最快;福州市城区建筑用地变化的最大特点是新建建筑用地面积明显大于改扩建建筑用地面积;福州市中心城区逐渐往仓山区方向扩展。     

How do centrality,population growth and urban sprawl impact farmland conversion in Norway?

A strong link has been observed between urbanization processes and conversions of farmland to built-up land. Most previous research has addressed such conversion of farmland in relation to the expansion of larger cities. However, broader analysis of both rural and central areas is needed to increase the empirical basis for these claims. Based on GIS analysis of farmland conversions, this paper aims to expand our understanding of how urban sprawl affects conversion of farmland. We find that most farmland in Norway is converted to built-up areas in relation to existing urban settlement areas. In line with population growth, urban areas in the most central municipalities experience the most significant urban sprawl and loss of farmland. Moreover, the remaining farmland is located in the same areas that already have converted the most. These areas also experience significant pressure for continued land take. Assuming current trends continue, future urban sprawl will pose great challenges for the preservation of farmland in land-use planning. New research and policies are required to handle these challenges more effectively.     

Urbanization,land use transformation and spatio-environmental impacts: Analyses of trends and implications in major metropolitan regions of Ghana

Urbanization induces spatial and environmental changes. Monitoring and understanding the nature of these changes is crucial to achieving sustainable urban development imperatives. To this end, this paper examines the evolution and spatio-environmental impacts of rapid urbanization in two major metropolitan regions of Ghana—Accra-City Region and the Greater Kumasi Sub-Region. The analysis uses Landsat satellite data and landscape metrics to examine land use transitions and to characterize the emergent landscapes over the last three decades. The results show that built-up land has increased significantly in these metropolitan regions largely at the expense of environmental land cover classes. The expansion process follows a general trend where the historical-core zones were initially sites of rapid land cover conversion to built-up, with settlements in the suburban and peripheral zones expanding in recent years and becoming integrated into the conterminous urban areas of the metropolitan regions. The analysis also uncovered a unique, dynamic and complex process whereby the urban-open-space class, being in a permanent state of flux, mediates transitions between built-up land and vegetation and vice versa. The metric-based land use transformation analysis shows that the landscape of the metropolitan regions has fragmented because of an increased expansion and aggregation of patches of built-up land in the core areas and leapfrog, sprawling expansion in the outlying suburban and peripheral zones. The paper concludes on the need for integrative urban growth management strategies that brings together spatial planning and environmental resource governance to avert the negative consequences on the natural environment of unfettered urban expansion.     

对南京市征地补偿及安置办法的思考

随着工业化和城市化的不断推进和发展，为保障工业用地和城市用地的需求，土地征用不可避免。但在征地过程中，由于征地制度本身存在的缺陷和不足，不同程度地给被征地农民的利益造成损害，增加了他们失地后的生存风险。针对这一问题，各地积极探索解决问题的各种方法和措施。本文拟以南京市为例，分析自2000年以来南京市实行的两种征地补偿及安置办法的变化，分析现行补偿寄置方式存在的不足，在此基础上，提出完善该制度的办法和措施。     

Patterns and drivers of recent agricultural land-use change in Southern Germany

Traditionally, agricultural land-use change (LUC) analyses focus on the conversion of natural land to agriculture especially in developing countries. Studies considering recent agricultural LUC (e.g., to built-up land) for the last two decades in more stable agricultural systems in Western Europe are mostly missing for the regional scale. Major LUC pathways, their drivers and potential counteracting factors such as subsidies or an increasing demand for regional agricultural products should be analyzed.Using the Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg in Germany, we quantified (i) major pathways of agricultural LUC with a transition matrix, and (ii) spatial patterns of agricultural LUC with optimized hot-spot analyses. (iii) We used boosted regression trees (BRT) to identify factors which foster agricultural LUC towards settlement and forest as well as semi-natural open land. Results for the last 15 years showed a considerable decline of agricultural land due to afforestation (3.1%) and due to settlement and infrastructure development (2.7%), which were the main LUC pathways. Both settlement development and afforestation concentrated at existing hotspots of urban development and in forest-dominated areas. Settlement-driven agricultural LUC was largely dependent on population density and development and independent from agricultural or biophysical parameters. Forest-driven LUC was mostly explained by agricultural parameters (i.e., low land rents and biophysical factors such as high slopes). Governance instruments such as regional planning and payments for maintaining agriculture on marginal land did not seem to maintain a balanced spatial distribution of agricultural land. If not improved, settlement development will considerably outcompete agriculture in prosperous sub-regions. Economic constraints will force farmers to abandon agriculture for forest on marginal locations at the cost of an intact cultural landscape.