Measuring trustworthiness of information diffusion by risk discovery process in social networking services

Most of current social network services are vulnerable to malicious actions. For example, rumor (e.g., contaminated and distorted information) can be diffused along the social links. In this paper, given a social network service, we design a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and propose a robust information diffusion model to efficiently detect the malicious peers from which a risk (i.e., rumor) has been generated on the P2P network. Thereby, by aggregating social interactions among users, a set of interaction sequences are obtained. Given a set of interaction sequences, statistical sequence mining method is exploited to discover a certain social position which provides peculiar patterns on the P2P networks. For evaluating the proposed method, we conducted two experimentations with NetLogo simulation platform for risk discovery on social network.     

Classification of various attacks and their defence mechanism in online social networks: a survey

Due to the popularity and user friendliness of the Internet, numbers of users of online social networks (OSNs) and social media have grown significantly. However, globally utilised, social networks are the consequence of the lack of understanding of secrecy and protection on OSN and media has increased. Secrecy and surety of OSNs need to be inquired from various positions. According to recent studies, OSN users expose their private information such as email address, phone number etc. In this paper, we have presented a high-level classification of recent OSN attacks for recognising the problem and analysing the blow of such attacks on World Wide Web. We have also discussed OSN attacks on different social networking web applications by citing certain recent reports such as Kaspersky security network and Sophos security threat report. We also offer some simple-to-implement user practice tips to protect the system and user’s information. In addition to this, we have discussed a comprehensive analysis of numerous defensive approaches on OSN security. Lastly, based on the acknowledged strength and faults of these defensive approaches, we have explained open research issues.     

Bowling alone but tweeting together: the evolution of human interaction in the social networking era

The objective of this paper is to theoretically analyze how human interaction may evolve in a world characterized by the explosion of online networking and other Web-mediated ways of building and nurturing relationships. The analysis shows that online networking yields a storage mechanism through which any individual contribution—e.g. a blog post, a comment, or a photo—is stored within a particular network and ready for virtual access by each member who connects to the network. When someone provides feedback, for example by commenting on a note, or by replying to a message, the interaction is finalized. These interactions are asynchronous, i.e. they allow individuals to relate in different moments, whenever they have time to. When the social environment is poor of participation opportunities and/or the pressure on time increases (for example due to the need to increase the working time), the stock of information and ties stored in the Internet can help individuals to defend their sociability.     

网络化数字语言教学平台建设方案设计

网络化数字语言教学平台的建设规划,是将分散的多媒体数字化语言实验室等设备通过网络整合到一起,从而实现课堂教学与网上辅助教学的网络化、智能化管理,达到完善立体化语言教学资源建设的目的。利用信息技术与网络技术整合,将计算机设备、语音设备、网络设备等技术进行优化,实现资源共享,从而实现提高语言实验教学质量的目的。     

Online business development services for entrepreneurs: an exploratory study

This paper addresses the use of the Internet to provide business development services such as training, consulting, counselling and networking. Using a Delphi study of experts from around the world, the possible uses of the Internet as well as criteria for successful implementation are presented. Three critical success factors for providing online services are identified. First, an effective use of online resources requires that the inherent strengths of the Internet be exploited. Using online tools when they are perceived to be a ‘second-best’ mode of communication is inefficient and can be counterproductive. Second, personal contact is still very important and can complement online services. Third, successful online services require an effective Internet site and program management. The study also shows that the specific nature of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs must be carefully considered when developing online services. The entrepreneur is more concerned about his/her problems and is less concerned with the problems of others. However, he or she is willing to participate in a small learning network if the benefits go beyond that of just learning together. Similarly, online training for entrepreneurs should be complemented by a face-to-face component. An efficient/effective pure online training program for entrepreneurs would be very difficult if not impossible to develop and implement.     

垄断平台视角下的社交网站双边市场定价模式分析

双边市场理论是近年来产业组织领域研究的最新热点和前沿理论。社交网站行业具有典型的双边市场特征,平台的定价和盈利模式一直是平台企业关注的焦点。本文构建基于垄断平台的定价模型,分析社交网站媒体平台和软件平台的定价模式。结果显示,在社交网站媒体平台,平台企业向广告商定价总是高于其提供的服务成本;在社交网站软件平台,平台企业可能出现同时向两边用户进行补贴的情况。     

电子商务对经济增长的影响因素分析

随着计算机技术和网络的普及,我国电子商务已经进入了大规模的发展、应用和运营阶段。随着网民数量的规模性增长与国民经济的稳步提升,以B2B和网购为主要代表的电子商务产业为我国的国内生产总值作出了可观贡献。分析电子商务各相关因素对经济增长的作用,有助于明确地区经济增长的侧重点,进而促进电子商务的发展和地区经济的增长。     

Sharing my way to success: A case study on developing entrepreneurial ventures using social capital in an OSS community

While Open Source Software (OSS) communities provide opportunities for knowledge creation, we have a limited understanding of how entrepreneurs leverage OSS communities for their entrepreneurial ventures. Using social capital theory in a mixed methods case study, we compare entrepreneur and non-entrepreneur behaviors to investigate how entrepreneurs build social capital within an OSS community. This study shows that entrepreneurs differentiate themselves from non-entrepreneurs by focusing on cognitive and relational capital building activities, which in return makes it possible for them to leverage their social capital to influence and shape the environment in which they are operating. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs strategically select which activities within the community to expend their limited resources on (e.g., developing code over participating in email conversations) and build their social capital more through their actions than through their words (e.g., showing their commitment to the community through code commits, bug fixes, and documentation). Given the liabilities of newness and smallness as well as other challenges faced by entrepreneurs, applying an open innovation strategy in OSS communities could be one approach where entrepreneurs, by developing and freely revealing their intellectual property to the community, share their way to success via OSS-infused entrepreneurial business ventures.     

Discovering latent commercial networks from online financial news articles

Unlike most online social networks where explicit links among individual users are defined, the relations among commercial entities (e.g. firms) may not be explicitly declared in commercial Web sites. One main contribution of this article is the development of a novel computational model for the discovery of the latent relations among commercial entities from online financial news. More specifically, a CRF model which can exploit both structural and contextual features is applied to commercial entity recognition. In addition, a point-wise mutual information (PMI)-based unsupervised learning method is developed for commercial relation identification. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed computational methods, a prototype system called CoNet has been developed. Based on the financial news articles crawled from Google finance, the CoNet system achieves average F-scores of 0.681 and 0.754 in commercial entity recognition and commercial relation identification, respectively. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed shallow natural language processing methods are effective for the discovery of latent commercial networks from online financial news.     

Home care routing and scheduling problem with teams’ synchronization

The demand for home care (HC) services has steadily been growing for two main types of services: healthcare and social care. If, for the former, caregivers' skills are of utter importance, in the latter caregivers are not distinguishable in terms of skills. This work focuses social care and models caregivers' synchronization as a means of improving human resources management. Moreover, in social care services, several visits need to be performed in the same day since patients are frequently alone and need assistance throughout the day. Depending on the patient's autonomy, some tasks have to be performed by two caregivers (e.g. assist bedridden patients). Therefore, adequate decision support tools are crucial for assisting managers (often social workers) when designing operational plans and to efficiently assign caregivers to tasks. This paper advances the literature by 1) considering teams of one caregiver that can synchronize to perform tasks requiring two caregivers (instead of having teams of two caregivers), 2) simultaneously modelling daily continuity of care and teams' synchronization, and 3) associating dynamic time windows to teams' synchronizations introducing scheduling flexibility while minimize service and travel times. These concepts are embedded into a daily routing and scheduling MIP model, deciding on the number of caregivers and on the number and type of teams to serve all patient tasks. The main HC features of the problem, synchronization and continuity of care, are evaluated by comparing the proposed planning with the current situation of a home social care service provider in Portugal. The results show that synchronization is the feature that most increases efficiency with respect to the current situation. It evidences a surplus in working time capacity by proposing plans where all requests can be served with a smaller number of caregivers. Consequently, new patients from long waiting lists can now be served by the “available” caregivers.     

对高校图书馆在线信息咨询服务的思考

在线信息咨询服务是基于互联网为用户提供咨询、帮助用户获取信息的咨询服务,它具有针对性、主动性、引导性、灵活性等显著特征。鉴于现状分析,介绍了在线信息咨询服务的方式,提出了加强高校图书馆在线信息咨询服务的策略。     

Identification of peer effects through social networks

We provide new results regarding the identification of peer effects. We consider an extended version of the linear-in-means model where interactions are structured through a social network. We assume that correlated unobservables are either absent, or treated as network fixed effects. We provide easy-to-check necessary and sufficient conditions for identification. We show that endogenous and exogenous effects are generally identified under network interaction, although identification may fail for some particular structures. We use data from the Add Health survey to provide an empirical application of our results on the consumption of recreational services (e.g., participation in artistic, sports and social activities) by secondary school students. Monte Carlo simulations calibrated on this application provide an analysis of the effects of some crucial characteristics of a network (i.e., density, intransitivity) on the estimates of peer effects. Our approach generalizes a number of previous results due to Manski [Manski, C., 1993. Identification of endogenous social effects: The reflection problem. Review of Economic Studies 60 (3), 531–542], Moffitt [Moffitt, R., 2001. Policy interventions low-level equilibria, and social interactions. In: Durlauf, Steven, Young, Peyton (Eds.), Social Dynamics. MIT Press] and Lee [Lee, L.F., 2007. Identification and estimation of econometric models with group interactions, contextual factors and fixed effects. Journal of Econometrics 140 (2), 333–374].     

Modelling the use of health services by populations of small areas to inform the allocation of central resources to larger regions.

Modelling the use of health services by local populations can inform the allocation of central resources to larger regions. At aggregate, e.g. regional, level, use is largely driven by supply and such analysis can be misleading. At small area level, however, populations effectively compete for services and their different relative use of services, after allowing for varying availability, reflects variations in their relative need. Empirical quantitative estimates can thus be made of the net relation of factors such as mortality or social deprivation to relative need for health services. These estimates can then be used in weighted capitation formulae for allocating resources to larger regions.     

The effects of information sharing and interactivity on the intention to use social networking websites

Social networking sites (SNSs), which satisfy the primary demands of making friends, learning, and shopping, and are inseparable from human life, have been booming in recent years that domestic or international websites have endeavored to have users access to their websites. This study proposed relational model to examine the intention to use SNSs, and also applied a questionnaire survey to examine differences in this intention among various user groups. The findings indicated that that, in order to promote the intention to use social networking sites, managers should work to enhance interactivity and information sharing, and should also consider the feelings and attitudes of users. Different user groups lead to different outcomes with regard to the intention to use model developed in this work. However, the intention to use of most users in the sample groups was enhanced by the SNSs characteristics of information sharing and perceived playfulness.     

浅析计算机多媒体音像压缩技术

计算机多媒体技术算是信息技术领域的领军者,它发展的最快,在新一代电子技术蓬勃发展和激烈竞争中,处于一个焦点的地位。多媒体技术的功能有很多,如计算机、声音、图文、动画及通信等,在高速信息网广泛应用的情况下,可实现计算机的全球联网和信息资源共享,所以在许多行业都有所涉及,如咨询服务、图书、通信、金融、医疗等,我们的生活在其影响下正在不断的发生着变化。多媒体数据压缩技术是现代网络发展的关键性技术之一。由于图像和声音信号中存在各种各样的冗余,为数据压缩提供了可能。数据压缩技术有无损压和有损压缩两大类,这些压缩技术又各有不同的标准。     

高校图书馆开展重点学科文献信息服务的探讨

高校图书馆要想在网络化、信息化、数字化时代更好地为教学科研提供更优质的信息服务,只有与时俱进地进行管理服务方面的改革,这种改革首先体现为服务理念的创新,通过开展文献信息服务,实现对重点学科信息资源的深度整合,面向教学科研人员提供内容新颖、全面、类型完整、形式多样、来源广泛的重点学科文献信息,是现代高校图书馆核心竞争力的具体体现。     

Information systems project manager soft competencies: A project‐phase investigation

This article investigates the soft competencies by project phase that information systems (IS) project managers require for project success. The authors conducted 33 qualitative interviews to collect data from a sample of 22 IS project managers and business leaders located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The authors identified the key competencies for each of the IS project phases (initiation, planning, implementation, and closeout). The competencies were sorted into competency categories: personal attributes (e.g., eye for details), communication (e.g., effective questioning), leadership (e.g., create an effective project environment), negotiations (e.g., consensus building), professionalism (e.g., lifelong learning), social skills (e.g., charisma), and project management competencies (e.g., manage expectations). Each of the most important competencies is discussed and interconnections among competencies identified. How this research can be used by the practitioner and academic communities and the broader implications of this research are examined.     

政府信息资源共享与开发利用系统工程中的高校图书馆角色

高校图书馆参与政府信息资源共享与开发利用工作将产生多赢的效果。高校图书馆可以接受政府的委托参与政府信息社会化的服务,可以为用户提供信息资源的增值服务、开展科技查新、对科研课题进行定题跟踪服务、加强高校图书馆读者(用户)的信息培训等服务。     

政府信息资源共享与开发利用系统工程中的高校图书馆角色

高校图书馆参与政府信息资源共享与开发利用工作将产生多赢的效果。高校图书馆可以接受政府的委托参与政府信息社会化的服务,可以为用户提供信息资源的增值服务、开展科技查新、对科研课题进行定题跟踪服务、加强高校图书馆读者（用户）的信息培训等服务。     

The effects of barriers to entry on monopolistic intermediary online services: The case of a digital library

Online intermediaries (OIs) are becoming increasingly important market institutions. They have low marginal costs and display the indirect network effect, which suggests that the benefit of an intermediary to sellers (buyers) increases with the number of buyers (sellers) connected to that intermediary. OIs may be further characterized by the levels of barriers to entry they face and the direct network effect, i.e., the benefit to a seller decreases with the number of sellers connected to the intermediary. This paper models a digital library where creators sell their works to information users. It is found that a monopolistic digital library with the above characteristics over-serves its creators, which leads them to over-invest in creation, and over-supply information products to consumers. Furthermore, the over-investment is more severe when the barriers to entry in the digital library sector are lower. A counter-intuitive policy implication is that removing barriers to entry in monopolistic markets with the above characteristics does not improve, but rather worsens, social welfare.