The Theory of Exchange Rate Target Zones

The theory of exchange rate target zones focuses on the role of exchange rate expectations in determining exchange rate behaviour and interest rate differentials in currency bands. This paper analyses earlier models of the target zone research programme as well as more recent developments including endogenous realignment expectations, price rigidities and alternative monetary feedback rules by means of a unified approach. Target zones may be the cause of stabilizing or destabilizing exchange rate expectations, the determinants of which crucially depend on the within-band central bank policy as well as the credibility of the central banks' commitment to defend the target zone. The paper closes with a discussion of the relative merits of implementing a target zone and some suggestions for further research.     

分数跳-扩散过程下两种新型期权定价

假设股票价格服从跳-扩散过程,建立了分数-跳扩散环境下的金融市场模型,利用保险精算方法和分数跳-扩散过程理论,获到了两种新型期权—C-Brick和A-Brick定价公式。     

A Comparison of Forecasting Techniques for Predicting Exchange Rates

Forecasting exchange rates accurately helps policy makers and businesses to plan more appropriately. Exchange rates provide information for policy makers about a country's mde position relative to that of ocher nations. In addition, accurate informaticm about future exchange rates helps to improve the quality of many management decisions. This study illustrates the use of different forecasting methods in predicting exchange rates f a the British Pound, German Mark and Japanese Yen. A number of accuracy measures are used to judge the performance of these methods. The results show that simple time series techniques can perfam as well as some complex and costly techniques in forecasting exchange rates.     

中国汇率制度改革初探

中国在世界经济中举足轻重的地位决定我国的汇率制度改革会受到多方关注。本文基于中国汇率制度改革的进程和中国政府在汇率改革中的作用,通过对一些金融危机研究的分析,认为适用更宽的汇率浮动区间也许是中国当前汇率制度改革较好的选择。     

汇率和需求不确定下跨国投资决策的实物期权分析

在对实物期权理论和跨国投资相关文献研究基础上,分析企业在汇率和需求不确定条件下跨国投资的风险和期权特征,构建了基于实物期权思想的跨国投资决策模型。通过数值求解,分析了跨国投资情况下,企业拥有的实物期权价值。     

Immunizing Foreign Exchange Contracts Against Swap Rate and Volatility Risks

Swap rate risk, also called the problem of' "maturity gaps," originates from foreign currency holdings whenever the involved contracts have differing maturities. Such differing maturities give rise to a sensitivity of the portfolio values with respect to the "swap rate," or differential between the relative interest rates in two countries. Volatility risk, which typically affects only currency contracts having asymmetric payoffs (such as currency options), gives rise to a sensitivity of portfolio values with respect to changes in the exchange rate volatility. In this article we show how currency portfolios may be immunized , or made insensitive, to both swap rate risk and volatility risk, in the sense of Macaulay's (1938) classical treatment of interest rate risk. The European currency option contract is the primary subject of our discussion, since we show that both ordinary forward contracts and other complicated currency contracts are equivalent to suitable combinations of European currency options.     

考虑违约风险的可转换债券定价新模型

随着近几年我国证券市场可转换债券的发展,对其进行定价成为学界的一个热门课题。利用期权定价方法对可转换债券进行定价,并得到了一个考虑违约风险的可转换债券定价新模型。     

期权定价模型及在技术商品定价中的应用

本文在介绍期权定价理论和分析技术商品期权特性的基础上,提出了技术商品的期权定价法,从而为技术商品的定价提供了一条新的途径。     

基于增长期权的并购目标企业价值评估

实物期权评价方法的引入弥补了传统现金流量法在并购目标企业价值评估中的不足,并充分考虑了管理灵活性所具有的价值。首先,回顾了国内运用实物期权评价法对并购目标企业价值评估的研究;然后,建立包含增长期权的并购目标企业价值评估模型,在对其中增长期权的定价中加入市场竞争及企业竞争力的影响;最后,运用案例演示具体计算过程。     

Impact of Currency Boards on Fiscal Policy in Central and Eastern European Countries

The paper focuses on the impact of currency boards on fiscal policy in transition economies. Starting with an overview of theoretical and empirical studies in the related area, it tests for the interaction between monetary policy regimes and fiscal policy in Central and Eastern European countries who aim for the membership in the European Union. The theoretical background of this study lies in the model of Tornell and Velasco (1998). They demonstrate that fiscal transfers do not ultimately depend on the chosen exchange rate and monetary policy, but only on the worlds real rate of interest and the rate of time preference of the fiscal authority. A sample of 10 accession candidates constitutes a group of countries which go through similar macroeconomic stabilisation processes but have chosen different nominal anchors. The paper investigates whether there are any systematic differences between those countries with a currency board arrangement and those without. The empirical evidence suggests that currency boards enhance fiscal discipline in Central and Eastern European countries.     

Debt and currency value during COVID-19 in the Global South

The aim of this article is to examine debt and currency vulnerability during economic turbulence in the Global South. A panel data analysis is performed on a panel of 25 economies consisting of nine developed and 16 developing countries with a focus on public and private debt. The empirical findings reveal that only public debt build-up has an adverse effect on currency value. There is no evidence of a significant impact of recession periods on currency value for both private and public debt estimations. I also found that private debt build-up can be more harmful than public debt in developing countries. In addition, both public and private debt have increased as percentages of GDP during COVID-19.     

人民币汇率对贸易影响的实证分析:一个文献综述

本文从三个角度——研究视角、变量性质、计量模型发展,对当前汇率对贸易差额影响的文献进行梳理,认为下一步的研究,应该将研究的视角选择在不同国家不同地区不同行业上,使用双边变量,在综合考虑其他各种影响贸易的因素,如直接投资、财政补贴等,以结构向量自回归模型为基础,进一步的细分结构性冲击,结合经济理论以及前人的研究结果,综合运用各种约束方法对汇率对贸易影响的问题做进一步的研究。     

中国股市与汇市波动溢出效应研究

以上证综合指数和人民币兑美元名义汇率为指标,运用多元GARCH模型对中国股票市场和外汇市场之间的波动溢出效应进行实证研究。结果表明：汇率制度改革后,我国股市与汇市存在显著的双向波动溢出效应;汇市对股市表现出较强的波动传导,而股市对汇市的波动传递则相对较弱,存在着波动传导的非对称性。     

Equilibrium Exchange Rates in Transition Economies: Taking Stock of the Issues*

Abstract. In this paper, we present an overview of a number of issues relating to the equilibrium exchange rates of transition economies of the former soviet bloc. In particular, we present a critical overview of the various methods available for calculating equilibrium exchange rates and discuss how useful they are likely to be for the transition economies. Amongst our findings is the result that the trend appreciation usually observed for the exchange rates of these economies is affected by factors other than the usual Balassa–Samuelson effect, such as the behaviour of the real exchange rate of the open sector and regulated prices. We then consider three main sources of uncertainty relating to the implementation of an equilibrium exchange rate model, namely: differences in the theoretical underpinnings, differences in the econometric estimation techniques, and differences relating to the time‐series and cross‐sectional dimensions of the data. The ensuing three‐dimensional space of real misalignments is probably a useful tool in determining the direction of a possible misalignment rather than its precise size.     

Exchange Rate Adjustment in Partially Liberalized Economy

This paper develops a model of exchange rate determination in partially liberalized post-socialist economy that operates under soft budget constraints in nontradable sectors. The model captures the factors that determine the evolution of a country's external balance during the initial phase of economic liberalization. Three types of disturbances are the center of analysis: liberalization of trade and foreign exchange regime, devaluation, and price liberalization. We show that the real exchange rate appreciation may either improve or worsen the trade balance depending on the sources of this appreciation. Thus, we argue that the real exchange rate cannot reflect true country's competitiveness unless all sectors are equally exposed to hard budget constraints. The model implications are further analyzed through the empirical evidence on the relationship between the real exchange rate and trade balance in three selected East European countries.     

金融危机背景下我国外汇储备增长的研究

进入新世纪以来,我国的外汇储备保持了较快的增长速度。造成这种增长过快的原因是多方面的,有内在成因,也有外在压力。外汇储备增长过快给我国经济发展、人民币币值稳定都有着巨大的影响。回顾我国近年来外汇储备增长的过程,分析过快增长的原因,探讨在金融危机背景下我国应该形成一种怎样的汇率制度,具有现实意义。     

企业战略并购中目标企业价值评估方法研究

本文首先探讨企业并购过程中常用的价值评估方法,继而评价各种方法的优缺点及其适用范围,最后分析了影响目标企业价值评估方法选择的主要因素。     

分形市场中的汇率协整关系

本文将混沌与分形运用到汇率研究中,运用R/S方法研究了外汇收益率的长记忆性,并将传统的协整理论推广到广义的分数维协整,研究了时间序列之间的长期均衡关系,并以外汇市场中的欧元和新加坡元兑美元的汇率为例进行了实证分析,指出这两种货币收益率服从分形分布,具有相同的分整阶数且二者存在分数维协整关系。     

EXCHANGE RATE TARGET ZONES: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

This work selectively reviews the literature on exchange rate target zones and their theoretical and empirical methodologies and examines whether they can be used to clarify to what extent this type of exchange rate regime could contribute to greater exchange rate stability. We discuss the main contributions of the first and second generations of exchange rate target zone models. In an attempt to reconcile the poor empirical performance of the Krugman model with the reality of exchange rate target zone regimes, this line of research integrates target zones with alternative underlying economic models, such as imperfect credibility, intra‐marginal interventions and sticky price models. It was thus possible to understand the correlations observed between the exchange rate, its fundamentals determinants and the interest rate differential, and to explain the fact that the statistical distribution of the exchange rate is hump shaped rather than U shaped. This implies that the initial emphasis of target zone models on nonlinearities, ‘honeymoon effect’, ‘smooth pasting’ and marginal interventions has vanished. Exchange rate target zones are better described as similar to managed floating regimes with intra‐marginal interventions, with some marginal interventions when the exchange rate reaches the edges of the floating band.     

企业并购中目标公司的价值评估方法分析

企业并购是当今学术界、实业界关注的重要热点,并购重组是我国企业发展壮大的必然之路,目标企业合理的并购价格就成为提高并购成功率的关键因素。分析了现金流量法和市场价值法评估的优缺点,提出了引进实物期权的目标企业价值评估方法,以便更准确的评估目标企业价值。