Fertilizer trade under market liberalization: preliminary evidence from Kenya

This paper reports results of a study aimed at identifying broad demand-side and supply-side influences on trade in inorganic fertilizers in Kenya, where, following decades of government control, the fertilizer market has been fully liberalized. Multiple regression analysis using data from a country-wide survey of fertilizer traders indicates that significant demand-side factors include agroecological conditions and maize market prices in the regions in which fertilizer traders operate. On the supply side, the number of years in fertilizer trading and access to credit are important. Implications for policy and research are drawn.     

有朋自远方来:欧美在华包装协会一览

美国包装机制造协会PMMI；英国／JUT与包装机械协会PPMA；德国机械与设备制造商联合会食品加工和包装机械分会；意大利自动化包装机械制造商协会UCIMA；[编者按]     

企业工会在提高工人劳动技能中的重要使命

企业工会组织是带领职工学习提高职工劳动技能的主要力量;负有培养知识技能性、技术技能行、复合技能型人才的神圣使命.     

Regional trade,government policy and food security: Recent evidence from Zambia

Given heavy dependence on rainfed maize production, countries in East and Southern Africa must routinely cope with pronounced production and consumption volatility in their primary food staple. Typical policy responses include increased food aid flows, government commercial imports and stock releases, and tight controls on private sector trade. This paper examines recent evidence from Zambia, using a simple economic model to assess the likely impact of maize production shocks on the domestic maize price and on staple food consumption under alternative policy regimes. In addition to an array of public policy instruments, the analysis evaluates the impact of two key private sector responses in moderating food consumption volatility – private cross-border maize trade and consumer substitution of an alternate food staple (cassava) for maize. The analysis suggests that, given a favorable policy environment, private imports and increased cassava consumption together could fill roughly two-thirds of the maize consumption shortfall facing vulnerable households during drought years.     

工会与煤矿企业安全的关系

文章指出,煤矿企业是典型的职工劳动强度高、从业危险性高、事故发生率高的"三高行业",在煤矿企业里安全是人命关天的头等大事。文章认为,要杜绝重大事故,减少零打碎敲事故,只有充分发挥工会在煤矿企业安全中的作用,才能创造宽松安全的环境,从而更好地保证企业的健康稳定。     

水利企业文化建设与高效管理

我国的水利企业立足于水利行业,已经成为国民经济发展,全面建设小康社会不可缺少的生力军。积极开展水利企业文化建设,是水利企业一项长期的战略任务。企业建设是企业文化的基础,企业文化是企业建设的动力,企业文化伴随在企业各项工作中。随着水利企业向社会主义市场经济的不断深入,构筑先进的水利企业文化是历史赋予的新使命。     

工会工作在企业文化建设中的地位和作用

工会工作是企业管理的重要组成部分。充分认识工会工作在企业文化建设中的地位和作用,有利于促进企业思想政治工作的健康、有序发展。尤其是在新形势下,结合企业党委和行政工作特点,创造性地开展工会工作,对于不断创新企业文化建设的内容和形式,不断加强企业深层次管理,增强企业的凝聚力,起着不可替代的作用。一、全方位、高视角、多层次地认识工会工作在开展企业文化建设中的重要地位企业文化建设内容涵盖了物质文明、精神文明和政治文明的方方面面。在实际工作中,企业文化建设把情感注入管理,使系统的管理和人性化管理融为一体,不仅注重了…     

工程施工企业质量管理和质量检测的重要性和作用

本文借鉴近几年重大工程质量事故的经验教训,提出了以加强工程施工企业内部质量控制和管理,是解决工程问题的根本。并指出了工程施工企业目前普遍存在的带有倾向性地问题以及解决办法。以促进工程施工质量控制和管理水平。     

提高煤炭质量增强企业竞争力

本文作者从市场需求,节能,环保等方面论述了提高煤炭质量对增强煤炭生产企业竞争能力的作用。     

包装工业企业全面质量管理

本文根据习跃发展发包装工业对包装工业企业全面质量管理的要求出发，阐述了全面质量管理的内容和特点，以及质量保证体系，重点论述了包装工业企业全面质量管理的基本理论和方法。     

谈煤炭企业文化建设

煤炭企业经历了改革与发展,企业管理水平有了很大提高。但由于煤炭生产的特殊性和受旧的经济体制的长期制约,并没有从根本上解决管理粗放、服务意识差、职工主人翁责任感普遍较低的问题。笔者认为要彻底改变这种面貌,加强优秀企业文化建设尤为重要。 一、对优秀企业文化的理解 优秀企业文化是企业在长期生产经营过程中形成的价值观念、经营思想、群体意识和行为规范的综合体,它指导人们的基本思维和行为模式,并     

The AMS in agricultural trade negotiations: a review

This article reviews the role of the Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS) in the agricultural trade negotiations of the Uruguay Round. Contrary to expectations at the start of these negotiations, the AMS only occupies a subsidiary position in the final agreement. In order to explain this, first an economic analysis is presented of the Producer Subsidy Equivalent (PSE), the basic AMS concept in the GATT discussions. Secondly, the political AMS debate is described and analysed, using information from unpublished GATT documents. Although the PSE concept is based on simple assumptions, its measurement already meets a number of difficult problems (policy coverage, product coverage, external reference prices, currency). Once these are solved, the concept may offer a brief insight into actual governmental support in agriculture. However, the calculations do not provide a sound measure of the trade distortions caused by agricultural policies. Mainly for that reason, the idea of a pure aggregated approach—based on the AMS—proved unsuccessful in the negotiations. Instead, the Contracting Parties accepted the framework of making binding agreements on three separate areas: internal support, market access and export support. While important and very specific commitments were made in the areas of agricultural imports and exports, the AMS has only found application in the internal support area.     

Exploring geographic variation in corporate broadband adoption; evidence from Irish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

Despite its growth experience, Ireland still lags behind in international league tables on broadband adoption and within Ireland great disparities exist between central and peripheral regions. This paper explores the context-specific determinants of broadband adoption among Irish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), attempting to shed some light on the sources of the considerable geographic variation in particular. Drawing from determinants of broadband adoption identified in literature the authors develop a number of plausible hypotheses. Using cross-section data from a ComReg survey of Irish-based SMEs, a logit model of broadband adoption is estimated. Among other factors, a company's industrial sector and other demand proxies are good predictors of broadband adoption. Controlling for other factors, regional ISP market concentration appears to be negatively associated with the probability of broadband adoption. It is argued that, in the absence of more detailed information, statistics on regional-level market structure could be a promising indicator of the supply-side.     

Olive oil in the EC: Gift from the gods or Trojan Horse

The European Commission fears huge olive oil surpluses as a result of Spain's accession to the Community. It believes it can prevent this, at great cost, by increasing consumer aid for olive oil and adopting a protectionist policy towards other vegetable oils and fats. Thus, the burden would be shifted to consumers of other products and the outside world. Trade relations would suffer. The author considers that the Commission's analysis is unfounded and the Commission's remedies should be questioned. The author also points to possible budgetary savings in the Community's expenditure on olive oil.     

央视春晚魔术节目助魔术玩具热销

台湾魔术师刘谦在央视春晚上的魔术表演按凉四座,让普通百姓感受到魔术神奇的魅力。因此,社会上不少青少年对霓术产生了浓厚的兴趣。商店里,小魔术道具走俏;书店里,销售魔术技法书籍的专柜成了人气最旺的地方。一些经营魔术用品的公司和店铺,销售额自春节过后直线上升,     

以点带面 轮番推动煤矿安全质量标准化

黑龙江煤矿安全监察局在国家局、黑龙江省委、省政府的领导支持下，以七煤公司为典型，推动全省煤矿持久深入地开展安全质量标准化建设，促进了煤矿安全生产长效机制的形成，使全省煤矿安全形势出现了稳定好转的局面。     

Strategic redirection in large management buyouts: The evidence from post-buyout restructuring activity

This study examines the nature of post-transaction restructuring activities for 32 large U.S. corporations that underwent management buyouts between 1983–89. This study (i) provides evidence on the extent and type of divestment and acquisition activities under private ownership; (ii) documents the outcomes associated with MBOs and the longevity of the buyout organization; and (iii) investigates the claim that buyouts are primarily mechanisms for breaking up public corporations and selling the pieces to related acquirers. The balance of the evidence indicates that restoring strategic focus is an essential function of the buyout for these large firms. However, the evidence also indicates that the buyout organization does continue to operate significant parts of the prebuyout firm. By far the majority of firms continue to meet their debt obligations satisfactorily during the buyout phase. Finally, the evidence indicates that asset sales to related acquirers derive more from efficiency considerations than market power.     

以创新精神 抓好安全质量标准化工作

2003年10月20日,全国煤矿安全质量标准化现场会在黑龙江七台河市召开。会议回顾了一个时期来全国煤矿质量标准化工作进展情况,现场参观学习,交流先进经验,深入探讨新形势下煤矿安全质量标准化工作的规律特点,明确下一步努力方向和主要任务。会上,国家安全生产监督管理局(国家煤矿安全监察局)副局长赵铁锤作了重要讲话。     

Tacit collusion, firm asymmetries and numbers: Evidence from EC merger cases

This paper estimates the implicit model, especially the roles of size asymmetries and firm numbers, used by the European Commission to identify mergers with coordinated effects. This subset of cases offers an opportunity to shed empirical light on the conditions where a Competition Authority believes tacit collusion is most likely to arise. We find that, for the Commission, tacit collusion is a rare phenomenon, largely confined to markets of two, more or less symmetric, players. This is consistent with recent experimental literature, but contrasts with the facts on ‘hard-core’ collusion in which firm numbers and asymmetries are often much larger.