缓刑适用标准之犯罪情节较轻的理解

《刑法修正案（八）》颁布后,缓刑适用标准变得更为细化,但新缓刑适用四个标准要件中,犯罪情节较轻的把握却有些虚无;根据语义学的理解和规范刑法体系的对比理解,情节是指事情的变化和经过,而较轻则需要一个相对确定的参照物,情节较轻应该首先确定每一个具体犯罪的参照系,与之相比较,较轻的才可以考虑适用缓刑;司法实践中判断犯罪情节较轻一般从犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面、犯罪客体和犯罪对象、犯罪客观方面加以把握。     

商业贿赂犯罪的法益分析

商业贿赂犯罪不是刑法中的概念,不具有统一的犯罪客体。通过对商业贿赂犯罪所涉罪名的犯罪客体进行综合归纳,从法益侵害的角度去探讨商业贿赂犯罪的本质属性,既符合刑法理论又切实可行。从商业贿赂犯罪所侵犯的社会关系来看,涉及到公平竞争的市场经济秩序、职务行为的不可交换性以及他人的财产所有权等。商业贿赂物属于行为对象而不是犯罪对象,不能充分反映刑法所保护的利益。在商业贿赂犯罪所侵犯的诸法益中,只有市场经济秩序才是所有商业贿赂犯罪共同侵犯的社会关系。     

贪污罪的犯罪梯度

贪污罪的犯罪行为主要是指国家工作人员,贪污罪属于复杂客体,在所有的贪污行为侵犯同一不能量化的客体时,我们需要一个可以量化的标准作为定罪量刑的参照物,进而使贪污犯罪有一个错落有致的阶梯状体系,也可以称之为针对于贪污犯罪的犯罪梯度。     

关于贪污罪处罚方面的几点问题

犯罪对象与犯罪客体有密切联系，侵犯犯罪客体一般都通过对具体犯罪对象的侵犯得以实现．犯罪对象是犯罪客体的物质表现形式。在我国，理论界的通论观点是．贪污罪的犯罪客体是复杂客体．是国家机关公职人员职务行为的廉洁性和公共财产的所有权。所以说贪污罪侵犯的对象是公共财产。同时。修订后的刑法还规定了几种不同情况的贪污罪，其对象分别是“保险金”、“本单位财物”、“应交公的礼物”等。     

海峡两岸商业秘密犯罪比较

海峡两岸商业秘密的内涵与外廷不甚相同，犯罪主体差异较大，客体迥异，客观因素不同，刑事责任有别．     

“签订履行合同失职被骗罪”犯罪界限的研究

签订、履行合同是国有公司、国有企业和国有事业单位经常性业务，但有些单位由于主管人员的严重不负责任，使国家利益遭受严重损失，构成签订、履行合同失职被诈骗罪。而此罪与非罪的界限应从犯罪主体、犯罪主观、犯罪客观和犯罪客体四个方面来加以考察。     

犯罪客体内涵界定

首先界定了法益的概念,接着从正反两个方面对法益作为犯罪客体的内涵更为科学的论点进行了论证,最后对犯罪客体的精神化问题进行了分析。     

犯罪客体内涵界定

首先界定了法益的概念,接着从正反两个方面对法益作为犯罪客体的内涵更为科学的论点进行了论证,最后对犯罪客体的精神化问题进行了分析。     

信用卡诈骗罪犯罪对象的司法认定

信用卡诈骗罪是一种比较特殊的犯罪，也是现时社会常见多发的犯罪，从理论上对信用卡诈骗罪犯罪对象进行探讨，对于准确地确定信用卡诈骗罪的犯罪对象、正确地对借记卡诈骗行为和虚拟信用卡诈骗行为定罪具有重要意义，最终保证刑法罪刑法定原则的贯彻落实。     

论犯罪化与非犯罪化

非犯罪化是指立法以及司法机关通过立法及司法活动，将一直以来作为犯罪处理的行为不作为犯罪处理的制度或过程。随着国际社会人权呼声的日益高涨和刑法谦抑性理论的深入影响，非犯罪化已成为不可逆转的时代潮流，但是我国现阶段的国情决定了眼下我们必须坚持以犯罪化为主的道路，并且辩证地结合非犯罪化的合理因素，不断地完善我国刑事法律制度。我们要认清犯罪化与非犯罪化的概念范围和时代背景以及两者适用的条件与目的，并且结合我国的立法现状与缺陷，以求探索出一条适应我国法制现状之路。     

Shady business: On the history of white-collar crime

Abstract

White-collar crime is a daily topic in the news but by no means a new phenomenon. The article invites readers to explore the historical dimensions of these very specific offences. It discusses how to define white-collar crime and how to analyse it. It names six characteristics of white-collar crime, namely the preponderance of upper and middle-class delinquents, the motivation of financial gain, non-violence, systemic character, the breach of trust, and diffuse victimisation. It also highlights additional aspects for a working definition which can be applied to various and even rapidly changing historical contexts. The history of white-collar crime draws attention to the intersection of business and the law, and to its interaction with innovation, moral discourse and public perception, as well as with the changing nature of state policies during the past two centuries. The article introduces the special issue and discusses methods and approaches suited to analysing ‘shady business’.     

浅论我国农民工犯罪的原因及预防

农民工在为城市做出巨大贡献的同时,由他们滋生出的犯罪问题也成为城市化进程中的伴生物,引起社会的广泛关注.因此,深入分析农民工的犯罪原因,树立社会公正理念,倾注人文关怀,推进体制改革,对维护社会稳定、构建和谐社会具有重要意义.     

解释学视域下的集资诈骗罪重构——以主观目的、行为对象的实质分析为进路

刑法将集资诈骗罪作为普通诈骗罪的特殊类型予以规定,原本符合集资诈骗罪的情形必然符合诈骗罪。然而,由于司法机关在办案过程中对集资诈骗罪的解读不甚严谨,产生了诸多误区。其实,对集资诈骗罪中的“非法占有目的”认定不能仅仅根据司法解释而做简单的推定,对“社会公众”的理解也不可望文生义,只有正确解读好本罪中的这两个要素,才能对集资诈骗案件进行正确认定。     

开放经济下的政策搭配理论综述

若解决开放经济中出现的内外平衡矛盾,必须运用政策搭配的方法。将国际收支平衡与国内经济 平衡综合起来考虑,因为国际收支平衡并不是孤立的,而是与整个宏观经济有关,所以通过财政政策和 货币政策的有效配合,可以实现宏观经济的内外平衡。     

Economic growth and crime against small and medium sized enterprises in developing economies

Several studies have explored the relationship between economy-level crime rates or individual-level crime and economic growth. However, few studies have examined the relationship between economic growth and crime against firms. Using data for about 12,000 firms in 27 developing countries this study finds that economic growth is negatively associated with crime. This relationship is stronger for small and medium firms than large firms. The study also explores several economy-wide factors and their influence on the growth–crime relationship for small and medium enterprises. The results are robust to various sensitivity checks.     

抢劫罪和强奸罪中“暴力”手段行为的比较

暴力作为抢劫罪和强奸罪中最常见的手段行为,在各自的罪名中却有着并不完全相同的表现形式和特征。暴力作为两罪的手段行为,其实施必须以实现相应的犯罪为目的;暴力行为必须由行为人亲自实施．利用他人的暴力形成的便利条件实施劫财或者奸淫行为,对相应犯罪的成立具有不同的意义;暴力所针对的对象也只能是被害人本人,并且对物的暴力不能构成暴力型的相关犯罪;两罪中的暴力都包括危害人身安全和限制人身自由两种方式,但强奸罪的暴力还要求具有对人身直接侵害的特征;在暴力强度上,抢劫的暴力要求达到“足以抑制对方的反抗”的程度,而强奸的暴力只要达到“使其反抗变得显著困难”的程度就够了,并且强奸的暴力不包括故意杀人。     

Future thinking: A marketing perspective on reducing wildlife crime

This paper discusses how, using both a futures studies perspective and social contract theory, marketing is uniquely positioned to help reduce crimes against wildlife. The futures studies perspective involves predicting probable, preferable, and possible futures. Moreover, marketers have an obligation (i.e., a social contract) to society—wildlife included—to meet consumer needs through well-rounded, morally robust strategies. Using face-to-face and digital data collection methods, a broad set of consumers were asked about their perspectives on the future wildlife. Grounded theory was used to analyze responses until a point of thematic saturation. The results indicate that consumers take a broad, inclusive view of wildlife crime. Participants describe the immediate probable future where micro-, meso-, and macrolevel wildlife crimes persist, and a preferred future of wildlife, including among others, reduced wildlife crime, decreased animal cruelty, and human–wildlife symbiosis. Respondents expressed a desire to reduce what they view as wildlife crime and presented viable paths to reduce such crimes. Theoretical and managerial implications are offered.     

论在经济犯罪侦查中司法会计技术的应用

在经济犯罪侦查中应用司法会计技术,可以帮助办案人员确定经济犯罪案件是否立案、帮助侦查机关收集经济犯罪案件证据、帮助办案人员审查财务会计资料证据、帮助侦查机关追缴赃款物等。司法会计技术应用于经济犯罪侦查工作,对于司法机关打击经济犯罪,提高我国司法机关破案经济犯罪的能力,维护社会经济秩序,捍卫司法公正,具有越来越重要的作用。     

Towards a classification of marine wildlife crime: Marketing strategies to curtail illegal fishing,malicious acts,and waterway pollution

Much effort has been dedicated to fighting wildlife crime with modest results. This paper focuses on marine wildlife crime, which suffers from a certain level of neglect due to terrestrial bias (a predominant focus on land animals). Despite legislative and enforcement efforts, there has been little integration of marketing techniques to curtail marine wildlife crime. For these reasons, we set out to study current issues surrounding marine wildlife crime by conducting interviews with three experts in areas of marine education, research, and legislation. The interviews provide an overview of the threats to marine wildlife, aid in the development of a classification of marine wildlife crime, and provide strategies as to what marketing actions may be useful to reduce it.     

Exploring online comments from a strategic marketing stance to reduce wildlife crime

Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is an omnipresent global threat to ecological, social, and economic systems. Marketing expertise can aid in the mitigation and reduction of crime against wildlife using a variety of mechanisms. This paper focuses on how social media usage relates to the framing of conservation appeals. By studying the content of existing blogs, articles, white papers, and other online postings, we extract relevant themes and concepts. Conducting an unguided semantic analysis of our data, we analyzed messaging appeal strategies and the underlying social or informational frameworks they employ. Using literature on advertising appeal types and contrasting social/emotional with knowledge-based/informational messaging strategies, we identified how wildlife crime prevention content employs these rhetorical framing mechanisms. Through the lens of social learning theory, our study proposes messaging strategies as a framework for understanding online content. Crimes against wildlife are creating increasingly severe ecological, economic, and social damage within international political and social communities; individuals learn from and engage with online content, therefore appropriate framing mechanisms can aid marketers in designing effective prevention appeals.