民营经济与河南和谐社会

在构建社会主义和谐社会的实践中,民营经济有着举足轻重的作用。特别是河南这样一个人口大省、农业大省和内陆大省,省情决定了河南只能走内源型发展的道路,而机制灵活、发展迅速的民营经济注定将在河南省和谐社会构建中具有不可替代的基础性地位。文章将从推动经济增长、吸纳社会就业等方面对其重要作用进行评价。     

仓储金融助推浙江省中小企业转型升级的路径

文章认为,浙江是中小企业大省,中小企业的发展决定了浙江未来经济发展前景,浙江省中小企业的出路在于转型升级,在转型升级中,融资难问题最为突出。文章指出,仓储金融作为仓储和金融交叉的金融创新,辅助商业银行开展动产担保贷款,在浙江拥有良好的发展环境和广阔的发展空间,可以有效解决中小企业融资困境,通过对担保动产的优先选择实现银行"绿色信贷",形成浙江产业集群与仓储金融良性互动机制,助推浙江中小企业转型升级,从而转变浙江经济发展方式。     

The factor income distribution in China: 1978–2007

This paper investigates changes in aggregate labor share in China during 1978 and 2007 with a particular focus on the 1995–2007 period during which official statistics report a drop of 12.45 percentage points in labor's share of national income (labor share). Our main findings are: (1) The reported fall in aggregate labor share is overstated. According to the official statistics released by the NBS (2007a), the labor share fell 5.25 percentage points from 2003 to 2004. However this dramatic decline, 42.16% of the total reported decline of the labor share from 1995 to 2007, is completely due to the changes in the way NBS break down the operating surplus state-owned and collective-owned farms and the mixed income of the owners of individual economy; (2) For the last three decades, two main forces have been driving shifts in the aggregate labor share: (i) structural transformation between the agriculture and non-agriculture sectors and (ii) shifts in the labor share within the industry sector; (3) From 1995 to 2003, these two effects are both negative and together drive down aggregate labor share by 5.48 percentage points. The structural change explains 61.31% of the decline and the remaining 38.69% of the decline is due to the changes in the labor share within sectors, primarily in the industry sector; (4) Labor share in agriculture is lower than labor share in services. Therefore, when the service sector grows relative to the agriculture sector in the economy, the aggregate labor share of income declines; and (5) Restructuring of the SOEs and expanded monopoly power are the main reasons for the decline of labor share within industry after 1998. Relative price shifts, the factor input ratio, and biased technological progress are all insignificant forces for this decline because the substitution between factors in the industry sector is nearly unit elastic.     

送变电施工企业的成本控制

工程项目成本管理与控制是工程项目管理的中心内容,本文以送变电施工项目为研究对象,分析了其成本构成,根据成本控制的基本原则对各类控制措施进行了探讨,并提出了运用全寿命周期的管理思想进行成本控制的思路,对做好送变电施工项目成本控制具有积极意义。     

“双碳”目标下企业绿色转型发展的促进策略

实现碳减排是应对全球气候变化的有效路径。生态优先绿色发展的主旋律、“双碳”目标的提出、环境规制不断完善的制度环境,都要求企业加快绿色转型发展。在对企业绿色转型发展中理念创新、环境规制、资源利用、环境影响及技术创新等问题进行理论阐释的基础上,提出了推动企业绿色转型发展的路径:明确理念目标,坚定企业绿色转型发展的方向;升级产业结构,确保企业绿色转型发展的质量;优化能源结构,提高企业绿色转型发展的效率;创新绿色技术,提升企业绿色转型发展的能力;完善体制机制,保障企业绿色转型发展的可持续。     

中国改革和体制转型的制约因素

文章指出中国的改革是在起点很低的历史条件下开始的,在改革推进过程中市场机制和计划机制的摩擦与冲突异常剧烈。随着改革的不断深入,社会转型滞后问题越来越突出,严重阻碍经济转型,而来自旧体制的阻力则是推进改革和体制转型的最大难点。从30年改革和体制转型的经验来看,要继续推进改革,必须进行制度创新,因为制度的根本性是解决其他矛盾和问题的根源。     

新一轮国有企业混合所有制改革的内涵与特定任务

新一轮国有企业混合所有制改革的内涵和任务有显著变化。内涵变化体现在:将宏观层面的多种经济成分并存,与企业层面的多种经济成分融合分开,明确后者是基本经济制度的重要实现形式,混合所有制改革要根据国有企业的不同功能定位进行,明确分类改革才能深化国有企业改革,确保国有经济的控制力和影响力。任务变化体现在:垄断性国有企业、特殊领域国有企业、资本经营类国有企业、母公司等成为混合所有制改革重要对象,吸纳新的非国有投资主体、创新其参与混合所有制改革的方式和渠道需要有全新的探索。基于以上两个变化,新一轮混合所有制改革要分商业类和公益类、母公司和子公司、央企和地方国有企业三个方面展开。     

民营企业资本结构问题及优化措施分析——以东莞上市民营企业为例

资本结构对企业经营至关重要。随着现代企业制度的建立和资本市场的发展,民营企业的资本结构经历了质的变化,但同时也暴露出一些问题,严重影响了企业的进一步发展。民营企业应重视资本结构存在的问题,找出原因,并制定相应的优化措施．以使企业健康发展。     

中国国有企业制度变迁:特点及经验总结

本文从制度变迁的视角看待我国国有企业改革，分析改革的特点并进行经验总结。国企制度变迁过程具有诱致性因素和强制性因素交互作用，但强制性因素起主导作用的特点。国有企业改革的过程，也是一个经营者与政府反复博弈的过程。国有企业逐渐成为市场主体，最终实现同市场经济体制的契合是改革所坚持的目标；政府的明智抉择是民间的改革创举得以推行的决定性因素；正确对待国有资产流失问题是国有企业改革顺利推进的必要条件。     

我国民营企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策

人力资源管理是影响我国民营企业发展的决定性因素,具体表现在人力资源战略规划、人才的招聘和挑选、员工培训和开发机制、薪酬激励机制等方面缺乏合理性和科学性。建立科学合理的人力资源战略规划,科学的人才引进机制,合适的员工培训和开发机制,科学有效的薪酬激励机制,是民营企业提高其核心竞争力的重要对策。     

Labor productivity, wages, nationality, and foreign ownership shares in Thai manufacturing, 1996–2000

This paper compares labor productivity and wages among nationality and ownership groups of foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) and local plants in Thai manufacturing for 1996, 1998, and 2000. Disaggregating foreign MNCs by nationality or foreign ownership share revealed a few significant differences in both labor productivity and wages that were not present in more aggregate specifications. In these cases, there was a weak tendency for MNCs from Europe, Japan, and the United States to have relatively high labor productivity and wages, for wholly-foreign MNCs to have relatively high labor productivity, and for majority- and wholly-foreign MNCs to pay relatively high wages. However, these results suggest that the relationships among labor productivity or wages, on the one hand, and nationality or foreign ownership shares, on the other hand, were generally weak in Thai manufacturing. These results are also consistent with those of previous studies in suggesting that the relationship between labor productivity and foreign ownership in general was also rather weak, though the relationship between wages and foreign ownership was somewhat stronger.     

The making of a fiscal state in Song China, 960–1279

In light of the Schumpeterian paradigm, this article explores the rise of the tax state in eleventh‐century China and its further transition towards a fiscal state until the Mongol conquest in 1279. By the late eleventh century in the Song dynasty, two‐thirds of state revenues came from taxing non‐agricultural sectors, especially from the collection of excise. The Song state became the first sustainable tax state in global history, as manifested in three major aspects: monetization; indirect taxation; and centralization and professionalization in the tax administration. The boundary of the Song tax state was largely confined to urban settlements. In rural areas, the state gave up the collection of commercial taxes by farming out this right to local elites. In the twelfth century, as traditional tax revenues fell far short of supporting military defence, the Song administration utilized credit instruments. Around 1200, the amount of redeemable promissory notes first exceeded that of annual tax revenues. This shift from tax‐based public finance to credit‐based public finance completed the transition towards a fiscal state. Nonetheless, this development in the fiscal state was still at an early stage and proved to be unstable. Toward the end of the Southern Song, hyperinflation caused by the over‐issuance of promissory notes seriously threatened the economy.