我国中小企业外向国际化发展的探讨

相对大企业而言,我国中小企业外向国际化更加重要。中小企业外向国际化理论有两类,即渐进国际化理论和快速国际化理论,两类理论具有互补性,共同解释中小企业外向国际化现象。近年来,我国中小企业外向国际化有了一定的发展,但在政策环境、资金、技术、人才等方面仍存在一些问题,需要研究与解决。     

Firm-Specific Advantages Intra-Regional Sales and Performance of Multinational Enterprises

This article is an extension of recent work that has examined the intra-regional sales of large multinational enterprises (MNEs). First, we examine the interaction between the performance of MNEs and four proxies for their firm-specific advantages (FSAs). This includes: firm size, knowledge (as represented by R&D), marketing ability, and industry type. We find that FSAs in R&D and service sector type are best exploited within the home region. In contrast, the FSA firm size is better exploited by global and bi-regional firms. Second, we find that a service MNE tends to be more home-region oriented and has a higher proportion of intra-regional sales than a manufacturing firm.     

The Effects of Ownership and Governance on SMEs’ International Knowledge-based Resources

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in today’s global economy. However, there are significant differences in how they respond to the opportunities and threats in international markets. This study␣suggests SMEs’ ownership and governance systems significantly influence the development of knowledge-based resources necessary for internationalization. Using a sample of 384 US SMEs, we find a positive relationship between both the equity held by top management team members and venture capitalists and the development of these important resources. This positive association is further accentuated by the presence of independent outside directors on SMEs’ boards, supporting their monitoring and enterprising roles.      

中小企业治理、治理指数与企业绩效

本文设计了中小企业治理评价指标体系,并对100家县域中小企业的治理状况进行了评价,结果显示中小企业治理指数平均值仅为33.57。实证分析表明,中小企业治理指数不能够显著解释每股收益和净资产收益率;同时也发现,第一大股东持股比例、董事会是否设立、总经理薪酬结构等对企业绩效也没有显著的影响,中小企业治理结构与机制的建立仅仅是形式上所为,最后据此给出提升中小企业治理水平的政策建议。     

Internationalization stages of traditional SMEs: Increasing,decreasing and re-increasing commitment to foreign markets

SMEs attempt to accelerate and diversify their international expansion strategies. The purpose of this article is to identify the internationalization stages followed by traditional SMEs to seize global market opportunities. The authors analyze the internationalization paths of five French SMEs operating in traditional manufacturing industries. The empirical study is mainly based on 66 interviews. The findings indicate that the internationalization process of SMEs continues to follow several stages, but that their commitment to foreign markets may increase, decrease and re-increase. The identified stages, which can be triggered by internal and external factors, reflect characteristics of different internationalization models proposed in the literature.     

集聚经济、空间依赖与中小企业发展空间差异

目前,我国中小企业发展存在明显的空间差异,由东至西形成了较为典型的圈层式空间结构。本文以我国中小企业发展空间差异特征分析为起点,定量考察其发展空间差异的影响因素。结果表明:除要素禀赋、运输成本、区域开放度、政府作用力有显著影响外,集聚经济、空间依赖对我国中小企业发展空间差异的形成具有重要作用。因此,应从城市集群发展、创造要素自由流动的市场环境,及完善区际交通网络等方面,重塑我国中小企业区域协调发展环境。     

Internationalization and performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises

In this paper, we examine the relationship between the degree of internationalization (DOI) and performance which represents a central issue in the international business literature. We argue that the substantial literature addressing this relationship is hampered by problematic measures for the key constructs (DOI and firm performance) and inconclusive results. Drawing from the internationalization process and location theories, we propose new measures for DOI (based on the dispersion of sales across geographic regions) and deploy a perceptual, multi-item measure of performance. Based on analyses of 94 survey responses provided by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Singapore, we find that that DOI positively impacts performance.     

Internationalization of multinational banks: a study of foreign direct investment in seven Latin American countries

The article attempts to explore and contrast the different factors that influence the foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions of multinational banks. Employing eclectic theory, an estimation model with panel data from seven Latin American countries is set to test the proposed hypotheses. The results highlight an increase in foreign assets, removal of banking restriction, banking concentration, and capital cost differential in the local banking system as determinants of specific location advantages for attracting banking FDI. Other factors such as cultural proximity and crisis also have a significant impact on banking FDI. Discussions and implications are debated before conclusions are drawn for a future research agenda.     

零售业国际化的区位选择和空间扩张模式

零售业国际化空间分布表现为不均衡特征:进入优势和面对的进入壁垒.其往往使零售企业国际化采取不同的空间扩张方式,主要有渐进式、跳跃式和综合式三种方式.中国零售企业实施国际化战略应采取渐进式空间扩张模式,并充分利用自身市场较大区域优势,增强企业的学习能力和网络能力.     

Post-entry internationalization speed of SMEs: The role of relational mechanisms and foreign market knowledge

Prior research shows that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can utilize domestic networks with internationally experienced partners to accelerate their internationalization process. Yet, there is a lack of clarity and limited empirical evidence regarding the role of relational mechanisms within these networks in driving post-entry internationalization speed (PIS) of SMEs. To address this gap, this study examines the relational mechanisms-PIS relationship by drawing insights from the relational view to argue that foreign market knowledge mediates the relationship between relational mechanisms and PIS. The hypothesized study model is tested using a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique on a sample of 394 UK based manufacturing SMEs. Our results show that foreign market knowledge acquisition from domestic networks fully mediates the relationship between relational mechanisms and PIS. Additionally, the linkage between foreign market knowledge acquisition and PIS is moderated by domestic environmental hostility, such that the relationship is strengthened when domestic environmental hostility increases. We discuss the contributions and implications of our results and suggest opportunities for future research.     

中小企业学习代理模式与组织学习绩效关系实证研究

中小企业通过学习代理人从组织外部获取知识是促进组织学习的重要途径.因此,如何通过有效学习代理模式获取组织所需要知识,如何处理企业发展过程的学习策略以提高学习绩效,成为目前研究中小企业战略的重要课题.文章从学习代理基本理论出发,分析了学习代理的内涵与构成,提出了中小企业三种学习代理模式,提出了学习代理模式与组织学习绩效的概念模型与假设,通过实证研究对假设进行了统计验证,得出了基本结论与进一步研究展望,最后建议中小企业通过学习代理有效获取知识从而提升学习绩效.     

The Role of Location as a Selection Criterion in FDI: The Case of SMEs in Greece

The study examines the internationalization of Greek SMEs in Western Europe and the Balkan area, focusing on the role of location as a selection criterion in their FDI decisions. Data aimed at capturing SMEs’ perceptions with regard to incentives affecting their FDI based on location criteria. We find that location plays a significant role with regard to the benefits that firms gain, highlighting OLI paradigm's theoretical relevance in the examination of FDI, while presenting internationalization trends in the global environment. Findings further contribute to the adaption of effective practices to enhance firms’ competitiveness through more rational and targeted investment decisions.     

Internationalization pattern of creative-cultural events: Two cases from Canada

This paper characterizes the internationalization of creative-cultural events through in-depth, longitudinal and ethnographic case-studies of two typical events. It develops four families of propositions based on the extant theory and tests them against their corresponding aspects of the two case-studies. This comparative examination indicates varying levels of supports; and also points to significant differences from traditional patterns of internationalizations processes. This paper’s contributions are in identifying differences in such events’ internationalization pattern and suggesting theoretical explanation for them. A combination of firm-specific advantage (e.g., creative and cultural) and the event’s home location-specific advantages offer a theoretical approach as they attract both the viewers and creative service-providers from the rest of the world to the home of these events. The paper explores the implication for further theoretical research, management of such events and public policy formulations.     

企业国际化、规范化和本土化

企业国际化扩张是伴随着跨国公司的迅速发展而日趋活跃。企业国际化的基础是规范化,企业在 向海外发展时要符合国际惯例,以促进企业竞争能力和管理水平的提高。企业国际化的主要策略是本土 化,企业只有融入到当地的经济环境中,才能找到扩大市场的机会。     

物流外包的优势、风险与策略

物流外包是现代物流的重要方式,但目前在我国仍处于起步阶段,本文分析了物流外包的优势,存在的风险及应对的策略。     

中小型企业财务管理问题及对策探析

当前,我国很多中小型企业普遍存在资金短缺、财务制度不完善、财务管理混乱、治理能力低等问题,严重影响着企业发展。建立健全的财务管理系统是中小型企业提升管理能力、促进企业健康发展的关键环节。中小企业应全面建立财务管理体系,完善企业自身现有的财务制度;根据自身实际情况合理有效地制定一套财务管理目标;建立并运用正确的管理方式加强资金管理,控制现金流;重视并加强财务综合管理,有序进行对相关人员的再教育和培训,从而促进企业全面提高管理水平。     

Location Advantages,Firm Advantages,and Export Success in the Latin American Automotive Parts Industry

Abstract

This paper examines the influence of location advantages and firm-level advantages on the propensity of Latin American firms to export. An empirical test based on Latin American firms in the automobile parts industry suggests that firms in more competitive Latin American country environments are more likely to export than those in less competitive country environments. Also, older and larger firms are more likely to export than are younger and smaller firms, and businesses that are subsidiary companies are more likely to export than are independent companies. Implications for managers and policy makers are presented.     

Internationalization of Japanese Multinational Corporations in Central and Eastern Europe

Abstract

The paper focuses on the internationalization activities of Japanese MNCs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) analyzing data on national level considering Japan's modes of market entry in the CEE region and some of the countries in it. Major trends and the development of Japanese internationalization in CEE are presented. Individual mini case studies contribute to the analysis using the experience of several major Japanese MNCs that have invested in the region. The goal of the paper is to uncover the specifics of the internationalization process of Japanese corporations in the CEE region. Main characteristics of the penetration of Japanese MNCs in CEE are unveiled and discussed in the concluding part of the paper. The management implications and conclusions from the study are discussed further in the final part of the paper.     

Innovation,quality and exports: The case of Italian SMEs

We test the hypothesis that innovating and targeting the upper-quality segment of markets increases Italian small and medium enterprises probability to export, providing empirical evidence that supports it. We observed a positive-quality effect and a strong impact of non-technological innovations over future exports. We also observed that larger and older firms operating in traditional sectors are more likely to export. The most interesting results came from the introduction of interaction terms. We found evidence of a ‘super-additive effects’, which delineate synergic linkages between product innovation activities and quality strategy.     

中小企业人力资源外包SWOT分析及实施对策

人力资源外包作为企业充分整合内外资源、优化资源配置的新型管理模式,能有效的促进企业将有限的人力资源发挥到最大效益。根据SWOT分析法的思想,对中小企业人力资源外包存在的内部优势与劣势、外部机遇与挑战进行了深入的分析。为了保证外包实施的有效性,从外包前准备阶段、外包实施阶段和外包评价与反馈阶段三个方面提出了相应的实施对策。人力资源外包虽然可以为中小企业带来诸多益处,但是其存在的不利影响同样值得注意,为了外包能达到预期的效果,发包企业必须对整个外包过程进行精心规划,每个阶段都有不同的任务,对每个阶段主要任务的分析是提出相应对策的关键。