基于外部性视角的非营利组织研究——以行业协会为例

对于非营利组织,从外部性视角来看,这一类组织是从制度上解决政府与市场双失灵的一个有效创新,它在政府与市场之间发挥了重要的中介组织功能。政府由于管制俘虏理论和信息不对称的存在会导致其无法有效的提供公共产品,而市场会由于公共产品以及不确定性等问题产生市场失灵,但非营利组织尤其行业协会在调节竞争、信息服务、交流发展、沟通政府等许多方面发挥了优势。在政府提供和市场提供具有外部性的产品中,应该把这种权利“下放”和“上放”给政府和市场的纽带——行业协会。     

论就业机会产品失灵问题的政府治理

中国劳动力市场的典型特征是就业机会与劳动力资源之间的信息分布不对称,而就业机会实质上是一种公共产品。根据市场失灵理论,解决公共品市场失灵问题时政府与市场两条思路均可采用。文章沿袭自古典经济学家庇古以来的传统,认为应该引入政府的干预来解决就业机会的市场失灵问题,并在此基础上提出相应的建议。     

市场失灵的表现及对策分析

市场经济在我国快速发展,其在推动我国经济大力发展的同时,也显示出了不足的一面,即市场失灵问题逐渐显露。要做到弥补市场失灵,还要依靠政府通过发挥经济职能来实现。市场失灵的主要表现有以下几方面:外部效应、垄断性失灵、失业、通货膨胀、公共产品的提供、经济失衡以及收入分配问题。为此,政府就要提高效率,有效治理失业、通胀和经济失衡,增进公平的职能调节收入分配,运用收入再分配来弥补市场失灵。鉴于此,本文先通过对市场失灵的理论背景及概念进行分析,探讨了市场失灵的具体表现,然后提出了相应的解决对策。     

公共选择视角下科层制与政府失灵关系透析

经济学和政治学的实践和研究表明,政府干预未必能有效地解决市场失灵,政府本身也有可能失灵.政府干预是通过政府科层来完成的,政府科层的组织构成在一定程度上影响干预效果.要解决政府失灵的问题,必须从科层制的改造入手.公共选择理论可以为解决这一问题提供可供参考的思路.     

县域中小企业融资市场失灵与政府干预

中小企业融资难一直是政府致力解决的问题。本文从县域中小企业融资具有公共产品收益正外部性特征出发,得出县域中小企业融资存在市场失灵,制度失灵问题,政府应发挥积极的助推作用。     

公共选择理论视角下地方政府对房地产业治理的路径研究

公共选择理论学者的观点认为政府不是万能的,会有政府失灵的情况发生,并可能伴随着政府失灵与市场失灵的双重失灵。分析地方政府对中央政府政策的反映以及从理论和实践的角度对地方政府治理房地产业进行分析总结,各博弈主体的策略选择分析,本文就房地产新政策中可能出现的问题予以公共选择理论的视角切入,从国家的中央政策到地方政府的地方行为进行分析,利用归纳法以及案例分析法等研究手段试图寻找地方政府在房地产业治理中存在的问题,并从公共管理的角度针对现有的宏观政策和微观调节手段,提出具体的建议。     

生态环境管理体制改革顶层设计——基于政府、市场、公众三维视角

生态环境的外部性和公共物品属性导致环境资源配置扭曲、生态环境产品市场供给不足,出现“市场失灵”。但由于政府干预不当,我国生态环境管理中同时出现了“政府失灵”现象,从而导致生态环境问题越来越严峻。改革生态环境管理体制,转变政府职能,已势在必行。     

政府在市场失灵中的怍用

亚当斯密提出“看不见的手”的原理，论证了市场调节在市场经济中的作用，但自上世纪20年代到30年代的经济危机以来，人们逐渐认识到市场不是万能的，也有失灵的时候。该文围绕什么是市场失灵，政府在市场失灵时作用，以及如何解决市场失灵等方面展开论述。     

政府扶持民办幼儿园必要性的理论研究

简单分析了公共产品理论、市场失灵理论和市场分担理论，借助了经济学的公共产品理论、市场失灵理论和市场分担理论来论证政府在学前教育中的地位及政府扶持民办幼儿园的必要性。     

公共物品政府供给与市场供给的比较分析

基于市场失灵理论及公共物品自身特征,长期以来公共物品的供给模式为政府单一供给;但伴随着经济社会的发展、技术水平的演进以及公共选择学派"政府失灵"理论的提出,政府单一供给模式受到挑战,市场逐渐开始进行公共物品供给,但也逐渐显现出一些弊端。因此,本文基于公共物品供给这一经典社会问题,以政府与市场两个供给主体为研究视角,在梳理政府与市场关系、公共物品供给问题的基础上,比较分析政府与市场对于公共物品在供给动因和供给可能性上的不同,并就这两种模式在解决公共物品供给中的实质性差异进行归纳分析,最后针对政府与市场这两个主体提出公共物品有效供给思路。     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Sinosteel：Extraordinary Moves in Industry Chess

Among the Fortune 500 firms,more and more images from China emerge out.On the 2008 list,Sinosteel Corporation,a landmark group of China industries quietly squeezes into the candidate line.As the largest steel service ＆ trade enterprise,its sales reached at RMB 111.24 billion,with a year-on-year increase of 83.03 percent,and the profit grew by 180.03 percent.On the Sinosteel 2008 Work Meeting,the president Huang Tianwen uttered,＂In the coming year,we will work for US$20 billion sales,and look forward to getting a position in Fortune 500 firms for ourselves.＂     

Walk Through Unusual Five Years—— An Exhibitor＇s Canton Fair Course

When the 103rd Canton Fair is approaching, an old friend of Canton Fair, Li Ying from Jiangsu prov-ince recollected his past five years＇ experiences to the grand trade meeting. Each year is special, with some unforgettable memories colored by the year.     

Jean-Pierre Duprieu： Willing to Be A Legate of Sino-French Business

Estaing, former French president, Valery Giscard d＇Estaing attended Sino-French Economic Seminar held in Shanghai in early April and said that the world center has shifted from the west to the east with many European and US companies entering into Asia, and China has the ability to play an important role in the world stage. Estaing, naming himself＂French Confucian＂, then said in Chinese that a cook-group includes 10 people in ancient Chinese soldier system and the cook is in charge of cooking for them. And people who belong to the same cook are actually ＂Partners＂.     

China''''s Stock Market Wave

The annual meeting of the World Economy Forum was held in Davos,a little town in Switzerland,on January 23rd to the 27th this year,with the theme"the Power fo Collaborative Innovation",over 2500 celebrates from ture political and cconomic circles of more than 80 countries and challengred logether to talk about the future of the global economy in 2008,A Forum for the problems and challenges that face whole world,some of the keywords which drew attention during the event were:the U.S.subprime mortgage crisis,soaring energy prices,the economic slowdown in the U.S.ermerging economic bodies,authority funds and the general unpredictable nature of the global economy.     

Trade Promotion from Neighborhood

If you are considering to trade with companies in Japan or expanding your .business to Japan, we are ready to help from the very beginning.＂ You will find this greeting at the first sight on the Chinese website of Japan External Trade Organization （JETRO）. JETRO has committed itself in delivering highly efficient and quality services to meet the demand of internal and external customs including Japanese companies, hence winning a good reputation in the international trade arena. In recent years, with its priority in advancing business cooperation in South and East Asia, JETRO has made great achievement in promoting trade between China and Japan. Therefore, China＇s Foreign Trade interviewed Mr. Yoichi Maine, Deputy Director General of JETRO BEIJING.     

Auto Parts Market Potential Coming into Surface

Looking at the increasingly fierce competition in the world auto market. global automobile manufacturing industry, taking Europe, the U.S. and Japan as representatives, is gradually forming a new type of relationship, mutual cooperation between whole vehicle and parts manufacturers. We can clearly see that auto parts manufacturers have become independent from the whole vehicle manufacturing companies, which means that the former structure of auto industry has greatly changed, and a new relationship,     

Public Financial Expenditure——A Reflection of the Livelihood Improvement

In recent years.China's public finance put social construction high on the agenda and attaches more importance on livelihood insurance and improvement.The 2003-2007 public financial expenditure reflects a fact that the government isputting more emphasis on livelihood andissues concerning the people.     

Voices from the MPC and CPPCC

"Crucial for economic growth.energy utilization has its role in all economic sectors and every aspect of people's daily life.Now we are in dire need of a new profession,namely energy manager.We not only need to have passion and responsibility,but also a scientific approach to conserve energy and cut emissions.APpropriate legislation should be in place.and a special profession should be introduced to ensure the implementation of these laws and regulations."