试论融资担保公司的财务风险及防控

本文先从操作风险、代偿风险、资金风险及客户风险四个方面来分析论述融资担保公司的财务风险,进而结合融资担保公司特性提出财务风险的防控要点与策略,包括完善内部控制机制、强化风险识别和应对能力、规范资金管理程序、严格客户准入与动态管理.     

企业财务风险:识别、评估与处理

建立包括识别、评估与处理财务风险的企业财务风险管理体系,可识别企业的财务风险、分析企业现金流产生的主要环节.评价企业财务风险应考虑企业经营绩效,从获利能力、周转能力、偿债能力和成长能力四个方面来进行.企业处理企业财务风险,要从企业自身实际出发,选择相应的风险管理策略及手段,实施财务风险转移、财务风险回避、财务风险保留、财务风险防范等不同的处理风险方式.     

财务动态治理论纲

传统财务治理理论侧重于财务治理结构和权利分布状态等静态范畴的研究,而忽略了财务动态治理的专门研究.财务治理可分解为基于企业公平的财务静态治理和基于企业效率的财务动态治理,它在本质上是一个二元价值体系,在实践上表现为企业公平和效率的并行与平衡.财务动态治理是对传统财务治理的继承和超越,它是剩余公司治理的集中领域和公司动态治理的核心,其理论基础溯源于企业产权契约理论、公司治理理论、公允价值会计计量理论和财务治理理论.以不完全合同中的完备部分和不完备部分为标准,财权可划分为通用财权和剩余财权.剩余财权配置是财务动态治理的核心,财务动态治理的基本内容包括动态治理结构、治理机制和治理行为规范.     

财务动态治理结构论纲

以不完全契约中之完备部分与不完备部分为标准,财权可以划分为基于企业公平的"通用财权"范畴和基于企业效率的"剩余财权"范畴;在此基础上,财务治理可分解为基于企业公平的财务静态治理和基于企业效率的财务动态治理.财务动态治理结构强调财权配置的效率性,侧重关注剩余财权占主导的财权配置.财务动态治理结构主要体现为财务资本结构的调整、改善及其动态优化,具体包括资本结构动态优化、股权结构动态优化和债权结构动态优化.     

财务质量评价中的财务弹性研究

财务弹性是评价财务质量的重要指标,对企业发展非常重要。保持适度的财务弹性是企业把握未来投资机会的必要条件,是合理财务杠杆收益的前提,是调整融资规模、融资结构的基础,对企业的盈利能力、偿债能力和发展能力都有非常重要的影响。本文回顾了国内外有关财务弹性的研究动态;财务弹性是通过现金持有量和负债水平来表现的,分析了衡量财务弹性大小的具体财务指标;评价了弹性不足和过足的危害;提出了保持合适财务弹性的途径。     

财务质量评价中的财务弹性研究

<正>财务弹性是评价财务质量的重要指标,对企业发展非常重要。保持适度的财务弹性是企业把握未来投资机会的必要条件,是合理财务杠杆收益的前提,是调整融资规模、融资结构的基础,对企业的盈利能力、偿债能力和发展能力都有非常重要的影响。本文回顾了国内外有关财务弹性的研究动态;财务弹性是通过现金持有量和负债水平来表现的,分析了衡量财务弹性大小的具体财务指标;评价了弹性不足和过足的危害;提出了保持合适财务弹性的途径。     

现金知情权与控制权的分野及现金的财务约束

一、现金知情权与控制权的分野 企业财务是有层次界定的,第一层次为经营者财务,经营者或其集团是企业的决策者,经营或财务的重要决策都是由其作出的.在财务上,这些决策包括投资决策、资产结构决策、资产规模决策、融资决策、资本结构决策、盈利分配或股利政策的决策,还包括成本开支范围和标准的规定等,企业这些财务活动就可称为经营者财务.     

证券公司财务风险管理研究

证券公司各类风险最终基本上都会转化为财务风险.本文通过分析证券公司财务风险的基本特征和财务风险点,设计了全面、系统、逻辑一致的风险识别和评估的指标框架及风险动态监测框架.     

浅论企业的财务分析信息系统

财务分析是企业财务管理业绩的定期总结。它是以财务报表的数据为起点，系统分析和评价企业的经营成果、财务状况及其变动，目的是了解过去、评价现在、预测未来，为企业管理层改善决策提供有用的财务信息。财务分析信息系统是由财务分析的基本要求和一系列财务指标所组成。本文试就财务分析信息系统的结构、内容、方法等方面作一概述。一、 财务分析信息系统的分析层次财务分析信息系统从层次分析，其第一层次可划分为经营能力、获利能力、偿债能力三个信息系统；其第二层次则由各信息的几个主要比率指标组成；其第三层次，是应用能反映各…     

我国国有商业银行的盈利状况分析

作为企业的核心能力,盈利能力的提高首先有赖于对自身盈利状况的全面了解和分析.本文立足于国有商业银行的经营管理实际,确立了包括盈利水平、费用支出、组织结构的合理性及管理效率等在内的国有商业银行盈利状况评判指标体系,通过定性分析和定量分析相结合、历史分析和现实分析相结合的方式,从多角度对转轨时期国有商业银行的盈利水平、影响因素作了全面剖析.文章基于我国国有商业银行特有的产权制度、财务核算方式和经营行为,还对国有商业银行盈利能力的真实性进行了分析,有助于更为全面、深入地了解国有商业银行的盈利状况,并为有针对性地实施战略举措提供依据.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.