纵向一体化对企业绩效影响的实证分析——基于中粮集团4家上市公司的研究

通过选取2006-2013年中国食品、中粮控股、中粮生化和中粮屯河四家上市公司为研究对象,分析了中国主要的农产品加工企业的纵向一体化程度和企业绩效的关系。实证研究结果表明:中粮集团旗下4家上市子公司的纵向一体化程度同其所能实现的企业绩效之间大体上是反向关系。另外,农产品加工型企业的经营绩效受企业规模、及市场占有率的影响较大。研究结果对于我国农产品加工产业未来在实施纵向分拆(即进行专业化生产)或是纵向一体化策略上都有一定的借鉴意义。     

农产品如何跨越绿色壁垒

近年来,我国农产品由于在自身质量、生产加工与经营模式、环境意识、产品检验与认证等方面存在的原因,在出口中屡屡遭受国外“绿色壁垒”的阻碍。为突破国际贸易中的“绿色壁垒”,提升我国农产品在国际市场上的竞争力,必须大力发展绿色农业,同时还要进一步加强农产品出口的检验、认证、信息、组织、出口保险等工作,为农产品的出口创造一个良好的服务平台。     

电子商务市场特征对产品创新影响的实证研究

在信息技术的发展下,电子商务市场的竞争越来越激烈,并对于市场产品的创新发展也有很大的影响。目前,企业的发展主要与电子商务市场相结合,如:电子商务市场中企业的经营情况、产品的销售情况等都通过企业绩效来反映,产品创新也主要根据企业的绩效来评判,因此,电子商务对产品创新的影响比较大。虽然产品的创新也是以电子商务企业绩效作为参考标准,但产品的创新也能增强电子商务的竞争力。下面就电子商务市场特征对产品创新的影响进行研究,进而有效提升企业绩效,也进一步促进电子商务市场的发展。     

建设新农村形势下农业产业化经营模式的选择

“公司 农户”模式作为农业产业化经营的主要组织形式,在农业产业化初期扮演着重要角色,它提高了农业技术水平,降低了农民的市场交易费用,拓展了农产品的市场销售渠道,增强了农产品的市场竞争力,增加了农民收入。但这种模式能否在建设社会主义新农村形势下继续推进农业产业化进程?如果不能又当作何改进?这将是社会各界共同关心的重要问题。一、“公司 农户”模式存在的问题分析目前,各地区农业产业化经营多以“公司 农户”模式为主。“公司 农户”模式主要是指从事农副产品加工与流通的企业(公司)与农户建立一定的经济契约关系:公司在产前向…     

村民自治组织市场关系能力影响农户经营绩效问题研究

村民自治组织的市场关系能力对农户经营绩效具有正向的影响作用。本文通过构建"市场关系能力—知识和资源获取—农户经营绩效"的理论模型,以208家农户的问卷调查的样本数据进行实证检验,结果显示,村民自治组织市场关系能力能从正向影响资源和知识获取,而资源和知识的获取也能正向影响当地农户的经营绩效。同时,研究发现这些正向关系影响的作用大小是不同的,实证结果了理论假设得到了很好的支持,为后续关于村民自治关系能力的研究和各种企业及组织在市场上实施关系能力战略具有参考意义。     

国有企业绩效影响因素研究

改革开放以来,我国国有企业在产权、体制、机制等方面进行了深入改革。尽管国有企业整体上的经营效益、资产质量、影响力和控制力等综合绩效不断提升,但不同企业绩效迥异,不少企业的绩效水平与国有企业的性质和地位尚不相称,距离社会期望颇大。影响企业绩效的因素很多,相比生产、供应、销售等具体经营行为,公司治理、管控模式、产业布局与产品结构、研发创新、人力资源对企业绩效的影响更为关键、更为深远。     

我国农产品加工企业发展所面临的困境与对策的研究

"十一五"规划明确指出新农村建设的中心任务是发展农村生产力,推进新农村建设的首要任务是发展现代农业。特别是必须大力发展农产品加工企业,完善农产品加工企业机制,推进农业产业化经营。目前农产品加工企业的发展却面临着严重的困境,本文从宏观角度对农产品加工企业走出困境的对策进行了深入的分析,提出了农产品加工企业走出困境的出路是创新。     

商业模式对零售企业绩效的影响——基于顾客价值创造视角的分析

评价与判断一种商业模式,在很大程度上取决于其对企业绩效的影响.基于顾客价值创造的视角,确立商业模式架构并构建商业模式分类指标体系,对64家中国零售业上市公司的商业模式对绩效的影响进行实证分析,结果显示:零售业上市公司有14种主导型商业模式,其相互间的差异性很大,对企业绩效影响的差异性也较大;通过改变细分顾客、市场范围、经营模式、顾客接触方式及盈利模式等,可实现商业模式的改良与创新,提升企业绩效.     

国内外农产品加工业的经营模式研究及对湖南省的启示

农产品精深加工业的发展对提高农产品加工转化能力和附加值,以及繁荣城乡市场、拉动内需、带动小城镇建设、扩大外贸出口、增加劳动力就业等都具有十分重要的作用。湖南省作为一个农业大省,其农产品精深加工业还存在很多问题和不足。本文通过对国内外农产品加工业经营模式的比较,试图为湖南省农产品精深加工业的发展提供借鉴和启示。     

发展黑龙江省农产品深加工大企业集团的思路与措施

发展农产品加工大企业集团，对农产品进行精、深加工，是黑龙江省经济发展的一个必然趋势。它能够实现规模经营、优化资源配置，提高农产品加工业产值，以市场为导向组建大企业集团，对黑龙江省农业产业化经营及其全省经济的发展都具有深远的影响。     

中小企业治理结构与绩效的实证研究——以中小企业板为例

本文在借鉴公司治理结构与绩效相关理论的基础上,以38家中小企业板上市公司为研究对象,运用相关分析和回归分析方法对公司治理结构与公司绩效的关系进行了实证分析,得出以下结论:适当分散股权,形成大股东之间的制衡机制和加强外部治理有助于提高公司绩效;提高管理者持股比例和报酬水平能够提高公司绩效;公司董事会的规模与公司绩效之间存在负相关关系;而独立董事和银行对公司治理绩效影响不显著。     

Contractual governance,relational governance,and the performance of interfirm service exchanges: The influence of boundary-spanner closeness

Academics and managers are confronted with reconciling the social and economic aspects of business-to-business exchanges. In a service context, the authors investigate the relative importance of contractual and relational governance on exchange performance and the influence of the boundary spanner on the implementation of these governance mechanisms and on exchange performance. They test a model of the governance of commercial banking exchanges using interview data with both parties to the exchange (the account manager as the bank’s boundary spanner and the business client). Relational governance is the predominant governance mechanism associated with exchange performance. Contractual governance is also positively associated to exchange performance, but to a much lesser extent. The closeness of the account manager to the client company in terms of information gathering is also positively associated to exchange performance. However, this is mediated through both contractual and relational governance mechanisms with relational governance being the stronger mechanism. Ronald J. Ferguson (rferguson@jmsb.concordia.ca) is an associate professor of management and director of the John Molson MBA at Concordia University (Montreal, Canada). He received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. During 25 years of research and management in the health field, he published inCirculation, theAmerican Journal of Cardiology, and theAmerican Journal of Physiology. In recent years he has published in theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theInternational Journal of Service Industry Management, Managing Service Quality, and theInternational Journal of Bank Marketing. His current research interests focus on international studies of the effectiveness of relationship marketing and management in the fields of health care, emerging biotechnology clusters, and commercial banking. He was coorganizer of the 2001 International Colloquium in Relationship Marketing. Michèle Paulin (mpaulin@jmsb.concordia.ca) is an associate professor in the John Molson School of Business at Concordia University. She has a law degree from Sherbrooke University, an MBA from Concordia University, and a Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Quebec at Montreal. Her research focuses on business-to-business relationships; service marketing; and service management in the areas of commercial banking, health services, hospitality, and biotechnology industries in Canada, USA, Mexico, and Europe. She has made presentations at major conferences such as the American Marketing Association, the Industrial Marketing Purchasing group, the European Marketing Association Conferences, and the European Academy of Management. She was coorganizer of the 2001 International Colloquium in Relationship Marketing. Her research has appeared in theEuropean Journal of Marketing, Managing Service Quality, theInternational Journal of Service Industry Management, and theInternational Journal of Bank Marketing. Jasmin Bergeron (bergeron.jasmin@uqam.ca) is an associate professor of marketing at the University of Quebec at Montreal. He authored or coauthored four marketing books, 20 case studies, and more than 10 articles in academic journals such as theJournal of Service Research and theJournal of Services Marketing. His research interests are in the areas of services marketing, relationship banking, and research methodology. He also serves as a marketing consultant in professional selling, service quality, and bank marketing.     

Achieving relationship marketing effectiveness in business-to-business exchanges

Relationship marketing research and practice operate according to the paradigm that firms should invest in relationship marketing to build better relationships, which will generate improved financial performance. However, findings that relationship marketing efforts vary in their effectiveness across customers and may even be detrimental to performance challenge this belief. This article, therefore, offers a theoretical model that addresses three key issues: 1) what factors determine a customer’s need for relational governance (relationship orientation); 2) what mediating mechanism captures the negative effects of relationship marketing on performance (exchange inefficiency); and 3) how does a customer’s relationship orientation determine the effectiveness of relationship marketing, thus allowing for effective segmentation. The authors demonstrate in an empirical study that the trust in the salesperson and exchange inefficiency both mediate the effect of relationship marketing on seller financial outcomes. In addition, customers’ relationship orientation moderates the impact of relationship marketing on both trust and exchange inefficiency.     

我国鱼糜制品企业营销能力评价指标体系应用

鱼糜制品作为水产品深加工的方向之一,是水产加工业的重要组成部分。近期我国十余家鱼糜制品企业被吊销产品生产许可证,说明鱼糜制品企业的竞争日益激烈。运用评价指标体系来对一家鱼糜制品企业进行营销能力的综合评价,找出该企业的营销能力的优劣势,进而提出针对性的改进建议有一定的现实意义。通过问卷调查和二次文献分析,计算各指标的分值,将各指标的分值结合鱼糜制品企业营销能力评价模型中的指标权重进行综合计算,得到该企业营销能力的具体分值;再对各指标的分值进行分析,探索各指标得分高低的原因,得出提升营销能力的对策。     

When do the stock market returns to new product preannouncements predict product performance? Empirical evidence from the U.S. automotive industry

Substantial research has examined how stock market reactions to marketing actions affect subsequent marketing decisions. However, prior research provides limited insights into whether abnormal stock returns to a marketing action actually predict the future performance resulting from that action. This study focuses on new product preannouncements (NPPAs) and investigates the relationship between short-term stock market returns to an NPPA and the post-launch new product performance under various industry and firm conditions. Findings based on a dynamic panel data analysis of 208 NPPAs in the U.S. automotive industry between 2001 and 2014 reveal that stock returns associated with an NPPA are not an appropriate forward-looking measure of future product performance. However, under specific conditions (i.e., when the preannouncement is specific, the preannounced new product has low innovativeness, the preannouncing firm has a high reputation and invests heavily in advertising, and the preannouncement environment is less competitive), abnormal stock returns to NPPAs actually predict the future performance of new products. Thus, this study extends the marketing–finance and innovation literature with its focus on the conditions that affect the predictive power of immediate stock returns for the future performance of new products.     

Dynamic transformations for base-of-the-pyramid market clusters

Extending scholarship on industry clusters, this article reconsiders the relationship between development and marketing opportunities in base-of-the-pyramid market (BOPM) nations. Recent literature on industry clusters suggests a set of theoretical themes regarding cluster efficiencies, governance, adaptability, and performance. These themes are scrutinized using an extended case employing longitudinal, ethnographic data collected from an indigenous leather-working cluster in West Africa. The authors’ findings provide guidance in identifying local clusters with global market potential in BOPMs. They lead us to a dynamic market-driven transformational model of BOPM clusters. Consequently, the authors recommend several keys for leveraging investments in boundary-spanning firms in BOPM clusters. Finally, the article demonstrates the value of microlevel, longitudinal analyses in assessing cluster performance in BOPMs. Eric J. Arnould (eamould2@ unl.edu; Ph.D. 1982, University of Arizona) is E. J. Faulkner College Professor of Agribusiness and Marketing and interim director of the CB A Agribusiness Program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He spent more than 10 years trying to do less harm than good working on economic development problems in more than a dozen West African nations for a variety of stakeholders. Since 1990, he has been full-time academic teaching about consumer behavior, marketing and globalization, and research employing qualitative data. His research appears in major U.S. marketing journals and many other social science periodicals and books. He was a two-term associate editor of theJournal of Consumer Research and is a coauthor of Consumers (2nd ed., 2004), a textbook. Jakki J. Mohr (Jakki.Mohr@business.umt.edu; Ph.D. 1989, University of Wisconsin-Madison), the Jeff and Martha Hamilton Faculty Fellow is a professor of marketing in the School of Business Administration at the University of Montana. Herinterests are primarily in the area of marketing of high-technology products and services, with a focus on distribution channels and governance. Her early research focuses on organizational communication and learning between partners in strategic alliances/ partnerships and between distribution channel members. Her research has received several awards and has been published in theJournal of Marketing, the Strategic Management Journal, theJournal of Public Policy and Marketing, and other specialized journals at the intersection of technology and business marketing. In addition, she is the lead author of the book,Marketing of High-Technology Products and Innovations (2005). Before beginning her academic career, she worked in Silicon Valley in the advertising area for both Hewlett Packard’s Personal Computer Group and Tele Video Systems.     

上市公司治理机制中的障碍因素及改进策略

公司治理问题关系到我国企业能否成功地进行经营结构调整和进行机制转型,是影响我国企业进一步改革和提高竞争力的深层次问题。本文从改进公司治理机制面临的复杂性的角度出发探讨了影响我国上市公司治理调控机制发挥的各项障碍因素,并且针对其不足提出了若干改进对策与建议。     

General alliance experience,uncertainty, and marketing alliance governance mode choice

Drawing from transaction cost economics (TCE), the knowledge-based view (KBV), and real options theory (ROT), we propose that the general alliance experience of alliance partner firms moderates the impact of market uncertainty and alliance-specific uncertainty on the benefits and costs of the two marketing alliance governance modes, i.e., non-equity alliances and joint ventures. Based on our systematic study of 18,616 marketing alliances occurring in 48 industries across 164 countries between 1992 and 2008, we find general alliance experience significantly moderates firms’ marketing alliance governance mode choices. Our framework reconciles some contradictory empirical results in the interfirm relationship governance structure literature by emphasizing the moderating role of partner firms’ general alliance experience. Specifically, when alliances can be characterized has having a large cultural distance between the partners or having a market with a broad geographic scope, it seems that TCE predictions regarding the marketing alliance governance mode choice hold for inexperienced firms while KBV and ROT predictions hold for experienced firms. In addition, by incorporating key aspects of all three theories, our proposed framework has the potential to provide deeper insights into the role of alliance experience and uncertainty in firms’ marketing alliance governance mode choices.     

旅游创意营销:消费社会旅游营销理论的创新与发展

在消费社会中,旅游营销的重点是针对旅游者的精神需求提供旅游产品的符号价值。在旅游符号营销过程中,创意成为影响编码与解码质量、决定营销活动绩效的重要因素。同时,旅游产品的固有属性、日趋激烈的竞争态势和日渐丰富的旅游消费经验推动旅游营销进入创意营销阶段。旅游创意营销是以创意为核心驱动力的营销理念,它以概念独特、形式新颖、绩效显著为外在表现,以创新理念、引导需求、提高价值为内在特征。究其实质,它是在运用创造性思维方式对旅游产品天然属性、旅游需求的文化属性和其他领域的相关要素进行组合而形成营销概念的基础上,借助现代大众媒体进行的价值创新与传播活动。     

营销渠道中的制度环境

以往的营销渠道研究都是从以效率为基础的任务环境出发,在很大程度上忽略了从以合法性为基础的制度环境出发对渠道治理过程进行研究。本文指出制度以及制度化过程对渠道治理策略形成的影响,并提出一个综合性概念框架,将新制度理论融入现有的营销渠道研究中来。作者应用新制度理论,提出制度化过程和三种治理机制以弥补现有的任务环境视角方法的不足,并指出可以从合法性和效率两个方面来衡量渠道成员的持续竞争优势。还指出持续性的竞争优势可通过合法性与效率两方面予以测度。