我国旅游房地产发展的可行性和制约因素分析

旅游房地产是旅游业和房地产业相结合的一种经营形态,同时也是解决我国目前旅游业和房地产业面临的若干问题的途径。由于经济的持续高速增长,人们生活水平的提高及消费观念、消费模式的变化,我国旅游房地产发展有其可行性。但同时又面临法规制度、经营理念等方面的约束。本文在上述分析的基础上,从制定规划、健全法规、组织建设等方面提出促进了我国旅游房地产发展的若干对策。     

“红与黑”:论精神旅游产品的开发向度

红色旅游作为我国精神旅游的主导产品,其主题大多为爱国主义和革命传统教育,存在着主题概念僵化、客源以公费旅游群体为主等问题;而黑色旅游主题则以爱与和平为主,呈现负面事件“正面宣传化”、多元化深度开发不足等问题.鉴于此,文章提出创新我国精神旅游主题的思路,即从阐释美、正义、人性、自由和理性等多维视角重构旅游产品,更好地发挥其对国民的伦理教化作用.     

景观房产研究——背景、现状与未来

文章探讨了景观房产这一新事物产生的背景、缘由 ,分析了其特点、分类等基本内容 ,并就其应注意的问题以及未来发展的趋势和前景进行了有益的探索     

Can nature-based tourism benefits compensate for the costs of national parks? A study of the Bavarian Forest National Park,Germany

German national parks are increasingly under pressure from land use change and need objective information on economic values associated with different forms of use to help policy-makers resolve conflicting policy goals. To date, a complete cost–benefit analysis of a German national park has not been undertaken. This paper addresses this gap through a study from the Bavarian Forest National Park (BFNP), the oldest and best known park in Germany. The research questions are: (1) Is the designation of the national park economically justified? and (2) Can revenue from park tourism compensate for its costs? Databases used include a visitor and enterprise survey, qualitative interviews and secondary sources; analyses involved several interrelated environmental valuation methods. Results suggest that the BFNP is an economically favourable land use option under most scenarios. At national level, half of the scenarios show a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) greater than 1. At regional level the park acts as a tool for economic development, generating net monetary gains for surrounding counties, with BCRs of over 1 throughout. Tourism contributes to over 60% of the benefits and compensates for more than two-thirds of the costs in half of the scenarios discussed. Key policy implications are listed.     

Connecting Visitors to People and Place: Visitors’ Perceptions of Authenticity at Canyon de Chelly National Monument,Arizona

This study examines the effect of visitors’ characteristics, motivations and sense of place attachment on perceptions of authenticity at a cultural heritage site. Data were collected in summer and fall 2006 through an on-site survey questionnaire administered to a random sample of visitors to Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Arizona ( n = 379; 76% response rate). The most important motives for visiting were ‘To enjoy nature’ and ‘To experience Navajo culture’. Additionally, visitors perceived a strong sense of place identity but a weaker sense of place dependence. Preservation of the archaeological resources was the most important contributor towards an authentic experience, followed by learning about customs and values of local people, meeting local people and visiting with an authorised Navajo guide. Attending interpretive programmes contributed the least. Results show that motivation to experience Navajo culture, the place identity dimension of place attachment, educational attainment, age and past experience at the monument had significant effects on the perception of an authentic experience at the monument. Place identity emerged as the strongest predictor of perceptions of authenticity, suggesting that a strong emotional bond is an important factor in visitors perceiving a site to be authentic. As visitor motivations for learning about the Navajo culture increased, so did perceptions of authenticity. Higher age also led to increased feelings of authenticity. As education levels and prior experience increased, perceptions of authenticity decreased.     

旅游形象口号的作用机理与创意模式初探

要获得优秀的旅游形象口号，在理念核心精确定位的基础上，还要明晰其作用机理，并遵循一定的创意模式。本文就这些方面进行了初步探讨。文章提出形象口号在宣传和促销中的“过滤器”衰减机理，并以此为基础总结了形象口号设计的具体要求。然后，依照形象口号创作的不同角度，提出资源导向型和游客导向型两种创意模式。     

基于旅游目的地品牌管理过程的定位主题口号评价——以我国优秀旅游城市为例

本文以旅游目的地品牌管理过程为研究基础,分析了定位主题口号在整个过程中发挥的作用,并建立了相应的旨在最大化实现这一作用的口号评价标准.围绕这一标准体系,笔者对检索到的244个我国优秀旅游城市的口号进行了分类评价,剖析了其中存在的主要问题.     

The effects of property and landowner characteristics on profit efficiency in salmon angling tourism in Norway

This paper analyzes how different property and landowner characteristics and other factors affect landowners’ profit efficiency from salmon angling tourism. The paper helps correct a lack of studies on the economic aspects of the triple bottom line approach to sustainability and suggests new areas of rural tourism research. A stochastic profit frontier function with an inefficiency module was estimated based on survey responses from 203 landowners along four Mid-Norway rivers. Profit efficiency decreased as the revenues from off-property and on-property activities increased relative to angling tourism. Factors increasing efficiency were long-term renting of fishing instead of permit sale or selling fishing packages with additional services and common property ownership instead of simple fee ownership. Cooperation, by merging several fishing rights into one unit rather than fishing on a single property basis, decreased efficiency. This study did not distinguish between different forms of cooperation; mandatory cooperation in the form of common property and voluntary cooperation between private properties are issues for further research. If sustainable economic efficiency is a public goal, policies should ensure a predictable economic environment for landowners specializing in salmon angling tourism and promote long-term renting, with a 10-year minimum period for the lease of fishing rights.     

旅游资源概念及其认识

本文在考察不同旅游资源概念及相关论述后,提出旅游资源概念应坚持的几点共识,并以此为基础,针对旅游资源概念及其认识中存在的若干分歧,着重讨论个４个问题：⑴旅游资源是否必须已旅游业所利用;⑵如何理解旅游资源的潜在性;⑶劳务算不算旅游资源;⑷人力、市场等要素应否视为旅游资源。文章逐一分析并给出自己的看法。同时,为探讨更进一步深入,建议将旅游和旅游业资源两个概念进行区分。     

Heritage Tourism,Heritage Landscapes and Wilderness Preservation: The Case of National Park Thy

Tourism involving national parks manifests itself explicitly or implicitly as heritage tourism because national parks represent important symbols of the national landscape. This paper traces the journey of the proposed National Park Thy in northwestern Denmark from ordinary landscape to symbolic landscape, to candidacy for national park status and focus for heritage tourism. It is argued that the processes at work in Denmark are similar to those underpinning the creation of national parks elsewhere.     

Local discourses and international initiatives: sociocultural sustainability of tourism in Oulanka National Park,Finland

National parks have become important tourist attractions and tools for regional development. New international initiatives, such as PAN (Protected Area Network) Parks in Europe, now promote sustainable tourism in protected areas. This paper examines the sociocultural sustainability of tourism perceived by local stakeholders of Oulanka National Park in northeastern Finland. The central question concerns the role of PAN Parks certification in community and tourism development. Four discourses were identified, based on 40 semi-structured interviews exploring different views on sociocultural development pertaining to tourism in the national park: (1) integrating nature-based tourism and conservation, (2) defending the rights of local people, (3) stressing the economic utilization of nature and (4) accepting tourism development and the national park. Although local stakeholders mostly have a positive perception of tourism in the park, it cannot be concluded whether the park facilitates development in a sustainable manner or not. Key problems identified are lack of participation opportunities and contradictions with traditional subsistence economies. The various positions of stakeholders in these discourses tend to influence their views on sustainability. Findings imply the necessity to monitor the distribution of benefits and burdens of park development holistically to multiple stakeholders.     

中国影视旅游发展的现状及趋势

本文提出影视旅游的概念和特征,以国内外影视旅游发展兴衰为依据,总结概括出影视旅游的发展阶段以及各阶段的特点,指出中国影视旅游的发展经历了从萌芽到发展的时期,目前正处于发展阶段。分析了中国影视旅游发展的现状及存在的问题,提出相应的规划建设对策。最后对中国影视旅游的发展趋势加以预测,指出影视旅游具有广阔的发展前景,将向着旅游客体多元化、旅游主体个性化、旅游内容更新化和规划建设综合化的方向发展。     

欧洲迪斯尼项目开发的历史教训

对于欧洲迪斯尼乐园开业之后经营失利的原因。人们多有不同的见解和认识。本文针对欧洲迪斯尼乐园开业初期的问题表现，分析了其中的主要原因。在强调营销调研对成功开发和经营旅游景区景点的重要性的同时。指出欧洲迪斯尼项目的历史教训及对我国旅游规划与开发工作的启示。     

屈原故里景区旅游总经济价值评估研究

现有旅游价值研究中多用游憩价值或再加上非使用价值来代替旅游总经济价值,这种价值评估并不完整。文章借鉴环境经济价值评估的通用框架,基于对旅游价值构成的逻辑关系分析,旅游总经济价值应是由游憩价值、旅游品牌价值、旅游环境价值、生态服务价值、选择价值、遗产价值和存在价值7种基本价值类型构成的4级价值体系。根据屈原故里景区的特点,按照科学性、可操作性、可比性等原则优选确定各项旅游价值的评估方法：①游憩价值采用旅行费用区间分析法;②旅游品牌价值采用最大品牌权益法评估;③旅游环境价值采用费用支出法;④生态服务价值采用生态系统静态平衡模型;⑤选择价值、遗产价值和存在价值等旅游非使用价值采用条件价值法。实证研究结果为：屈原故里景区2010年的旅游总经济价值约为1．37亿元;其中,游憩价值为3171．39万元,旅游品牌价值为915．6万元,旅游环境价值为1445万元,生态服务价值为30．65万元,旅游总使用价值为5562．64万元;旅游非使用价值为8122．3万元。评估不仅反映了屈原故里的总经济价值,还揭示出旅游价值体系的多维构成关系。     

大型主题公园发展与城市居民就业——对华侨城主题公园就业分配的考察

传统城市旅游就业研究侧重总体效应评估,忽略了具体的就业分配,也缺乏对就业者生活境况的实际考察,这正是旅游就业研究的\"断层\"。文章通过对华侨城主题公园这一典型城市大型旅游项目的探索性案例研究,围绕城市大型旅游项目开发能否为本地居民创造就业,改善就业者生活境况展开讨论。文章首先指出,中国城市大型主题公园与欧美主题公园在就业分配及就业者生活境况方面存在较大差异,欧美国家的研究结论并不能直接借鉴到中国。案例研究的结果表明:第一,主题公园这类城市大型旅游项目所创造的就业具有结构性(包括正规部门就业和非正规部门就业),不可等同视之;第二,这类具有结构性就业的分配呈现明显的\"外向型\"特征,主要面向外来务工者。在没有其他干预的情况下,这类旅游项目开发所带来的就业将主要面向外来务工者;第三,就业者的实际生活质量并不乐观,旅游就业在改善就业者生活质量的积极效果不宜夸大。该研究为反思传统城市旅游就业评估提供了新思路和新证据。     

旅游资源非优区\"依附式开发\"论

旅游资源非优区的依附式开发是一种客观现象,存在着功能互补、时间补足和综合补足3个类型。总结其开发机理,表现出资源优势互补为必要条件,合作与竞争融合为基本属性,功能差异为表现形式,等级一规模配比为基本规律,适者生存为基本归宿。本文以湖南省武冈市旅游业的依附式发展为案例,进行了研究。