Multinationals,Institutions and Economic Growth in China

This study examines the effects of multinationals and economic institutions on the economic growth of cities in China. Consistent with previous findings, the empirical results suggest that property rights institutions are significantly more important than contracting institutions in promoting economic growth. The direct effect of multinationals on economic growth is generally insignificant statistically. However, a statistically significant and robust interaction effect exists between property rights institutions and multinationals on economic growth, whereas no such effect is observed between contracting institutions and multinationals. The results are attributable to the fact that multinationals can rely on reputation or personal connections to enforce contracts when contracting institutions are weak. However, it is difficult for multinationals to operate when the state expropriates their profits (i.e. property rights institutions are weak).     

Trade,Investment and Economic Interdependence between South Korea and China*

The Korean economy has been significantly affected by the emergence of China. It is now the largest market for Korean exports and a major supplier of its low‐cost imports but has at the same time become a serious challenger to Korea in the world markets for manufacturing exports. This paper investigates changes in China's export structure and its effect on Korea, and bilateral trade between the two. It also examines the motives for Korean investment in China and its effect on bilateral trade and cross‐border production networks.     

政府支出与经济波动——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

政府支出能否起到稳定经济增长的作用是一个值得研究的重要问题。使用1987-2013年30个省市自治区的面板数据,文章考察了政府支出对我国经济波动的影响。在考虑政府支出规模的内生性后,2SLS估计结果发现政府支出对经济波动的影响具有两面性。一方面政府支出规模主要发挥了财政自动稳定器作用,因而减少了经济波动;另一方面,政府支出变动对总量产出冲击较大,从而增加了经济波动。进一步控制了贸易开放、通货膨胀、货币政策冲击、金融发展和产业结构等因素,估计结果表现出较好的稳健性。研究结论意味着,在保持经济稳定增长方面,需要权衡政府支出规模与政府支出变动对经济波动的影响。     

Structure of Firm Location Choices: An Examination of Japanese Greenfield Investment in China*

This paper presents an empirical investigation of the location decision structure of Japanese investors in China. In this study, a nested logit model and rich Japanese firm‐level greenfield manufacturing foreign direct investment data are calibrated together. This examination is not only driven by the unsatisfactory model specification of the conditional logit model in previous location choice analyses, specifically the violation of the independence from irrelevant alternatives assumption; but is also driven by the urgent need to better understand foreign investors’ in general and Japanese investors’ in particular location decision structure in China. Two potential hierarchical and sequential location decision‐making structures of Japanese investors are then tested, which are respectively in line with the spatial divide of China's FDI preferential policies and with China's six traditional census areas.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness in Sub‐Saharan Economies: A Panel Data Granger Causality Analysis

This study uses annual balanced panel data for 25 sub‐Saharan African economies over the period 1977‐2009 to investigate the Granger causality relationship between trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) for the region. We took advantage of recent developments in econometric testing techniques for Granger noncausality heterogeneous panels that takes into consideration the effects of cross section dependence across the units of the panel data set to analyse the trade–FDI nexus in the region. The empirical result of this study reveals a bidirectional causal relationship between trade openness and foreign direct investment in sub‐Saharan economies. Concurrently, African countries should devote more emphasis for the promotion and attraction of FDI in order to expand their productive capacity to produce and export; in this way, by addressing supply‐side constraints, FDI will have positive multiplier effects on trade.     

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Export on Urbanization: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports on urbanization in China. Using prefecture city‐level panel data covering China's 262 prefecture cities for the period 2004–2013 and employing a dynamic panel system generalized method of moments model with instrumental variable regression techniques, our study finds that FDI and exports have, on average, played a significantly positive role in China's urbanization. However, the impacts of FDI and exports on urbanization vary across regions. FDI has a positive and significant impact on urbanization in the coastal region but has no impact on urbanization in the inland region. Exports have a positive and significant impact on urbanization in both the coastal and inland regions, but the effect is much larger in the coastal region than in the inland region. The results imply that further attracting FDI inflows and promoting exports will contribute to China's urbanization, especially for the inland region.     

日本政府投资、民间投资和产业资本收益之间关系的实证分析

本文基于日本的统计数据,利用VAR模型和格兰杰因果关系检验方法,研究政府部门投资、民间部门投资和全产业总资本收益率之间的相互作用。VAR模型分析表明,政府投资对民间投资的影响比较大,两者对全产业总资本收益率的影响都很大且政府投资的影响远远大于民间投资,这些影响关系都较复杂。格兰杰因果关系检验表明,政府投资变化是民间投资变化的格兰杰原因,两者分别是全产业总资本收益率变化的格兰杰原因,而这些变量之间不存在相反方向的格兰杰因果关系。     

内生代理问题与信息不对称:日本风险投资机构投资治理特征分析

风险投资机构作为金融中介，在消除外部投资者与企业家之间信息不对称的同时，又内生了新的信息不对称与代理问题．日本很多风险投资公司通过大量公司本体投资，用风险投资公司声誉替代风险投资家个人声誉，以向外部投资者暗示对自身投资治理能力的自信。降低信息不对称与代理成本能力的制约，也使日本附属型风险投资机构表现出投资后期化、放任型投资治理模式以及盲目投资竞争等特征．     

Unemployment and Labor Market Institutions: An Empirical Analysis

The development of the unemployment rate differs substantially between OECD countries. In this paper we investigate to what extent these differences are related to labor market institutions. In our analysis we use data of eighteen OECD countries over the period 1960–1994 and show that the way in which institutions interact is important. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 2001, 15(4), pp. 403–418. Department of Economics, CentER, Tilburg University and Institute for Labour Studies (OSA), The Netherlands. © 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E24, J68.     

Dynamic Relationships between Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Korea

This paper examines the short‐run and long‐run dynamic relationships between exchange rates and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Korea. Monthly data retrieved from the Bank of Korea from January 1999 to March 2012 are examined. A cointegration test, a vector error correction model, the Wald test and impulse responses techniques are applied to analyze the data. The present study finds that, first, long‐run causation between exchange rates and FDI flows exists, which implies that a change in exchange rates negatively affects FDI flows in the long run. Second, short‐run causation between exchange rates and FDI flows exists, which confirms that there is reciprocal feedback between the two variables. Finally, the study finds evidence of a structural break from the global financial crisis of 2007–2009 shock to FDI flows in Korea. An external shock affects changes in the endogenous variables and, thus, causes instability in the cointegrating vector in the system.     

Forty Years Development of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Retrospect and the Challenges Ahead

Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has increasingly become an important method for China to integrate into the world economy. This paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes policy development and the changing pattern of China's OFDI over the past 40 years. We divide the development into “restricted” (1978–1999), “relaxed” (2000–2016) and “regulated” (2017 onwards) stages. This paper also reviews literature on the impact of Chinese OFDI on China and host countries. Despite its generally positive effects, large‐scale and unbalanced OFDI activities have alarmed Chinese policymakers. Both developing and developed host countries have expressed their concern over national security and the misbehavior of some Chinese overseas enterprises. Therefore, greater supervision and adjustment from quantity to quality growth is necessary for the future development of China's OFDI.     

Effect of Interest Rate Subsidies on Firm Performance and Investment Behavior during Economic Recession: Evidence from Vietnam

This paper aims to quantitatively evaluate the microeconomic consequences of the 4‐percent interest rate subsidy program, the main component of the Vietnamese Government's economic stimulus package in 2009, which was intended to assist recovery from the global economic and financial recession. Our analyses based on the Provincial Competitive Index 2009 survey and accounting data of firms listed on Vietnam's two stock exchanges show that firms that received subsidized loans were more likely to increase labor, to expand investment and to possess optimistic business plans. However, we find evidence that not all business activity generated by the stimulus led to productivity increases: a non‐trivial proportion of subsidized loans were not used to invest in production or expansion, but for speculative activities such as real estate and stock market trading.     

融资融券对沪市波动性和流动性影响实证分析——基于OLS模型和格兰杰因果检验

对上证180指数、沪市融资、融券交易数据样本进行了研究,通过最小二乘回归(OLS)模型建立沪市波动性、流动性与融资融券的关系,通过格兰杰因果检验对回归结果进行验证。实证结果表明:融资融券交易对沪市的波动性和流动性都具有正向影响,结合实证结论给出投资者在股市不同表现下的投资建议。     

控股股东股权质押、政府补助与创新投入——基于战略性新兴产业的实证分析

以2009—2017年沪深两市制造业战略性新兴产业上市公司为研究对象,基于信号传递理论,研究上市公司控股股东股权质押对企业创新投入的影响,并探讨了政府补助的调节作用。结果表明：制造业战略性新兴产业企业控股股东股权质押对企业创新投入存在负面影响,但这种负面影响在国有企业与传统制造业企业中不显著;政府补助可以缓解控股股东股权质押与企业创新投入之间的负面影响,这种缓解作用在制造业战略性新兴产业企业中更为显著。进一步分组检验发现,在股权质押率高组中,政府补助反而加大了控股股东股权质押对企业创新投入的负面影响,表明股权质押率高的企业可能存在着控股股东自利行为。在股权质押行为普遍存在的条件下,研究结论对相关产业扶持政策制定有一定的借鉴意义。     

高管内部薪酬差距、投资行为与企业绩效—以中国制造业A股上市企业为例

利用2013年沪深A股上市1118家制造企业数据为样本,研究高管内部薪酬差距对投资行为和企业绩效的影响。结果发现:拉大高管内部薪酬差距能够一定程度上促进企业采取积极的投资行为,提高企业投资水平,提升企业绩效,但拉大高管内部薪酬差距不会提高企业投资效率,即企业投资规模的扩大并不意味着投资效率的提高;在不同所有制样本中,拉大高管内部薪酬差距对非国有企业投资水平影响显著,但对国有企业没有影响。研究结果深化了高管内部薪酬差距对企业绩效内在影响的机理分析,为我国上市制造企业高管薪酬的制度设计带来启示。     

Technology Gap,Reverse Technology Spillover and Domestic Innovation Performance in Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China

This research adds to the literature studying the effects of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on domestic innovation performance and the moderating effect of a technology gap between host and home countries. New definitions of observed technology gap and expected technology gap are proposed. An observed technology gap captures the existing differences in technology level between establishments, regions or countries. An expected technology gap is an indication of the effort of imitating and learning from technology leaders. The corresponding measures and effects of observed and expected technology gaps on OFDI‐induced reverse technology spillover are analyzed. OFDI in developed countries promotes innovation performance. However, OFDI in emerging markets hampers innovation performance. It is also found that regions with a wider observed technology gap and a narrower expected technology gap can benefit more from OFDI.     

农业生产经营主体投资行为的实证分析——以安徽省5个区县为例

文章以安徽省5个区县200余户不同农业生产经营主体的调研数据为基础,运用Probit模型对新型农业生产经营主体和普通农户的固定与流动资本投资行为进行分析。研究结果表明,新型农业生产经营主体投资大于普通农户;经营主体向非农业的转型程度对于两类主体的农业生产投资均有负面影响;土地面积增大和土地租期延长促进新型农业生产经营主体提高农业投资水平;经营者个人学历对固定资本投资影响亦显著。文章认为需要提升农业生产者收入,改善土地流转制度以及改革农业贷款制度等措施,来调动农业生产经营主体投资积极性。     

Openness,Regional Trade Agreements and Growth: Evidence from Asia*

This paper assesses the relationship between regional trade agreements, trade integration and economic growth in 21 South and South‐East Asian countries over the period from 1980 to 2004. We aim to answer the following questions. First, how does the trade policy of a given country (and countries within the same region) affect a nation's domestic growth? Second, should developing economies in South and South‐East Asia engage in regional trade agreements (RTA) or move towards broad liberalization? Our results show that openness of either a single country or of its neighbors does not affect a nation's growth and that the impacts of RTA are unclear (if not detrimental to growth in some cases, once endogeneity is accounted for). Panel Granger‐causality tests running from openness to growth yield mixed results and some conclusions depend on the particular subsample under scrutiny.     

“一带一路”沿线国家投资便利化:水平、挑战与对策--基于熵值法的测度分析

"一带一路"沿线国家市场需求和发展潜力巨大,提升其投资便利化水平对于我国扩大对沿线国家直接投资规模和提升投资质量意义重大。本文基于沿线国家的特点,选取基础设施、制度环境、金融市场、劳动力市场4项一级指标和20项二级指标系统地构建投资便利化水平测度体系,并运用熵值法测度"一带一路"沿线国家2014年-2018年的投资便利化水平,发现沿线国家投资便利化水平呈逐年上升态势,但差异大,区域不平衡性显著,且投资便利化水平与经济发达程度呈正相关关系。在此基础上,结合当前中国对沿线国家开展直接投资所面临的挑战,提出中国与沿线各国应加强合作,共同推进基础设施建设,维护透明高效的制度环境,深化双边金融合作,积极发展本国劳动力市场等对策建议。