Testing for a Structural Change in U.S. Wage Determination

Previous tests for structural changes (slope changes) and shifts (intercept changes) in the Phillips curve and union wage determination specify the date of structural change a priori. This article tests for structural changes and shifts without specifying the change point ex ante . The results support the belief that structural changes occurred in the early 1980s. Contrary to some previous research, however, the results do not support a structural shift in the Phillips curve.     

Winning in the U.S.Activewear Market

A revolution in the U.S. activewear marker is being driven by the convergence of several consumer and retail trends.According to Cotton ncorporated＇s 2014 Sports Apparel Survey,more than nine in ten consumers say they wear athletic wear for activities other than exercise.ncreased consumer demand has prompted U.S athletic apparel sales o grow at double the rate of non-active apparel sales for several years.Strong sales growth has convinced mass merchants,fast-fashion etailers,and luxury brands to enter or increase offerings in this S33billion dollar morket previously dominated by o smaller cadre ofoutdoor and sports apparel retailers and brands     

Capital Investment and Amortization Policies in the U.S.S.R.

This article deals with the two major problems in depreciation: how to determine actual wear and tear and, thus, life of equipment; and how to treat depreciation and its associated expenses in the accounting records. With regard to the first, the author recognizes that a certain amount of arbitrary action is probably inevitable. Industry in the USSR is evidently bound by its own equivalent of “Bulletin F”, which sets “amortization norms” or depreciation allowances for each class of machinery; and it is found that these often do not correspond to actual operating experience. The machine may be scrapped either before its allocated life span, or survive fully depreciated. This fact is, of course, quite familiar, and the author has no suggestions to offer beyond pointing out the problem. He also questions, for technical reasons, the straight line method which is now generally used. Yet it is almost impossible to justify, on functional grounds, any regulated alternative method, such as declining balance or sum-of-the-years-digits.     

Europe's lessons for the U.S

President-elect Clinton can learn a lot from this continent about health care and how to revitalize cities. But industrial policy is another story.     

美国纸箱业实施"精益生产"

美国纸箱业认为“精益生产”能实现真正的零库存和快速的市场反应机制.“我不会购买,除非所有的经理主管人员都认为成本在持续上涨,他们不会为新科技而支付钞票,除非该技术能够在增加产量的同时把支出分流出他们的系统.”美国包装公司（PCA）的Martin认为,自从上世纪70年代瓦楞纸板制造机的持续研发以来,机械已经有了很大突破.     

美国废纸回收注重"细节"

到过美国的人经常会看见，在美国的很多城市，每天早晨都有许多大型专用卡车沿街收集在路边的黄纸袋，而黄纸袋里面装的就是废纸品。应该说，美国的每个州和每个城市的管理部门都在想方设法立下许多规矩并创造更多的便利条件，以利于废纸品的回收与再利用，因此美国成为世界上出口废纸最多的国家之一。有消息说在1995年全美废纸回收就达到了3600万吨，其中有1000多万吨出口到了亚洲和欧洲，几乎占其废纸出口总量的300／0还多。更有资料称美国1998年废纸品回收已接近1亿吨，而且据悉到20世纪末美国的废纸品回收利用率已升到了50％以上；联邦政府更是明确地提出意见，要求在全国范围内推广使用再生纸张，以此带动废旧资源的回收利用，达到环保与节约的“双赢”目的。美国现虽无类似于欧盟那样严密全面的包装法令，但作为世界工业大国，美国早在1973年就颁布了《MIL-HDBK742军用包装材料废弃处理标准》，以后在90年代初又制汀了《资源保护与回收利用法》。在美国颁布的《废纸回收标准》中详尽列举了各种纸产品回收标准，在此挑选出与瓦楞纸箱生产行业相关的回收规定和标准，供包装纸张生产企业参考。[编者按]     

[链接]美军军用包装发展趋势

没有军事后勤革命,就没有军事革命.为了建设一支现代化的21世纪的陆军,目前一场前所未有的军事后勤革命正以迅猛之势在美军中展开.     

中美上市服装企业财务差异

笔者试图从简单分析2004年几家中美服装公司财务年报静态指标的角度描述两国上市服装企业间与品牌战略相关的明显的差异,以期对中国服装企业有一些借鉴作用.更加详尽及复杂的财务报表分析,诸如诸多财务比率分析、现金流量的动态分析、公司理财分析、利用金融衍生物进行风险控制分析,以及有关中国服装企业发展战略研究、中国服装企业赴美上市研究将在以后的系列文章中加以详述.本文将不涉及评判中、美两国资本市场及会计准则的孰优孰劣以及文中提及的公司财务年报的真实性、客观公正性.     

Competition and Service Quality in the U.S. Airline Industry

The U.S. government, media, and flying public have expressedgreat concern in recent years over both airline market concentration and flightdelays. This study explores potential connections between the two by examining whetherthe lack of competition on a particular route results in worse on-time performance.Analysis of data from the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics in 2000 indicatesthat both the prevalence and duration of flight delays are significantly greater onroutes where only one airline provides direct service. Additional competition iscorrelated with better on-time performance. Weather, congestion, and schedulingdecisions also contribute significantly to explaining flight delays.     

Vacation Time and Unionism in the U.S. and Europe

American employees receive substantially less paid vacation than Europeans despite earning higher real wages and having greater personal wealth. Here we present past and current averages for individual countries, along with a brief history of the growth of paid vacations in the U.S. and Europe. Regression analyses of individual household data from the U.S. indicate that union membership substantially influences the length of vacation time for U.S. workers. This finding helps explain why the U.S. vacation time average is lower than the European average.