基金绩效差异与基金投资者行为分析

本文以2004～2006年的股票型开放式基金为研究对象,比较和考察了中外合资基金管理公司所管理的开放式基金（“合资开放式基金”）和中资基金管理公司所管理的开放式基金（“中资开放式基金”）。研究发现：与合资开放式基金相比,机构投资者更愿意赎回中资开放式基金,而且“赎回之谜”只在中资开放式基金的个人投资者中存在,在合资开放式基金的机构投资者中甚至还表现出了与理性预期相一致的经营绩效与赎回率之间的显著负相关关系。     

我国开放式基金赎回异象研究

本文运用2008-2018年我国混合基金与债券基金数据进行实证研究,结果表明:混合基金不存在"赎回异象",债券基金上期业绩存在"赎回异象";混合基金净赎回与金融发展程度正相关,且在证券市场走势下降大于36％时存在"赎回异象";机构投资者和个人投资者均不存在"赎回异象",个人投资者对短期业绩更关注.建议继续完善我国基金市...     

关于国内偏股型开放式基金投资者申购赎回行为有效性的研究

本文利用国内偏股型开放式基金的季度申购赎回数据对基金投资者申购赎回行为的有效性进行了研究,证实了＂聪明钱＂效应（＂smart money＂effect）的存在。剔除基金管理人限制申购等非投资者因素造成的影响后,本文利用2008年至2013年期间可比的218只偏股型基金的申购赎回数据构造资金加权组合,并对不同组合的超额收益情况进行比较,结果未发现投资者的申购赎回行为具有有效性。相反,在对不同星级评级的基金进行比较后,发现五星级以及三星级基金中投资者的申购赎回行为具有显著的负向有效性,反映了国内开放式基金＂赎回异象＂的存在。     

我国开放式基金赎回之谜:原因与对策

开放式基金它通过申购赎回产生的"优胜劣汰"机制对基金管理人形成有效的约束。但我国开放式基金赎回情况与成熟资本市场表现不同,存在基金业绩越好,赎回率越大的"逆淘汰"异象。本文剖析中国开放式基金"赎回之谜",并从行为金融学的视角做出解释,进而提出相关建议和对策。     

基于业绩不可持续的开放式基金投资者行为分析

我国开放式基金存在着"赎回异象".本文利用近几年的数据对我国开放式基金业绩的不可持续性进行了实证研究,在此基础上对开放式基金投资者行为进行演化模拟,认为当业绩不可持续时.开放式基金的"赎回异象"是投资者理性行为的反映.     

中国开放式基金赎回影响因素研究

通过对中国29只偏股型开放式基金的面板数据分析,本文研究发现基金的赎回与股票市场行情、基金的规模、基金单位累计净值与净值增长率有关.其中与国外成熟市场不同的是,中国开放式基金的赎回与基金业绩成正相关,即业绩好的基金面临的赎回压力也大.本文分析了此异常现象的原因,并针对基金赎回、维护基金投资者的利益提出了建议.     

分级基金业绩、反向套利与赎回率

近年来,股票型分级基金遭遇净赎回现象,尤其在股市震荡期间赎回率高达90%,该现象受到了投资者的广泛关注。本文系统梳理了国内外学者有关基金赎回影响因素的研究成果,并选取了我国36只股票型分级基金样本,实证检验分级基金业绩、反向套利与赎回率之间的关系。结果发现:分级基金赎回率与滞后一期基金收益率负相关,而与反向套利机会正相关。     

开放式和封闭式基金有何不同

现在发行的基金主要有两种，一种为开放式基金，另一种为封闭式基金。开放式基金的基金单位总数不固定，可根据发展要求追加发行，而投资者也可以赎回。赎回价格等于现期净资产价值扣除手续费。由于投资者可以自由地加入或退出这种开放式投资基金，而且对投资者人数也没有限制，所以又将这类基金称为共同基金。大多数的投资基金都属于开放式的。     

开放式和封闭式基金有何不同

现在发行的基金主要有两种，一种为开放式基金，另一种为封闭式基金。开放式基金的基金单位总数不固定，可根据发展要求追加发行，而投资者也可以赎回。赎回价格等于现期净资产价值扣除手续费。由于投资者可以自由地加入或退出这种开放式投资基金，而且对投资者人数也没有限制，所以又将这类基金称为共同基金。大多数的投资基金都属于开放式的。     

中国开放式基金赎回现象的实证分析及成因探讨

本文运用至2005年第二季度所有成立的开放式基金的历年规模数据,对基金的赎回状况进行实证分析。研究表明,我国开放式基金的赎回存在着一些非理性的行为,这与我国证券市场制度上的一些缺陷、投资者追求处置效应、基金公司的同质趋势等因素是分不开的。     

我国开放式基金赎回问题的实证分析

我国开放式基金自诞生以来，得到了迅猛发展，但始终面临较大的赎回压力，本文对我国开放式基金面临的赎回问题进行了描述，从实证角度对影响开放式基金的因素进行了分析，并从基金监管者、基金管理公司、基金投资者三个层面提出了建议。     

我国股票型开放式基金赎回风险研究

本文根据我国资本市场的变化,创造性地将我国股票型基金的发展区分为两个不同阶段,通过建立平行数据模型对其赎回风险影响因素及其效果进行对比研究。实证研究发现：（1）投资者更偏好成立时间短的基金;（2）基金的“赎回异象”更容易发生在证券市场行情好的时候;（3）分红确实起到了阻止投资者赎回的目的。     

Capacity constraints,investor information,and hedge fund returns

To identify capacity constraints in hedge funds and simultaneously gauge how well-informed hedge fund investors are, we need measures of investor demand that do not affect deployed hedge fund assets. Using new data on investor interest from a secondary market for hedge funds, this paper verifies the existence of capacity constraints in hedge funds. There is more mixed evidence on the information available to hedge fund investors. Buy and sell indications arrive following fund outperformance. While buy indications have little incremental power to predict hedge fund performance over and above well-known forecasting variables, sell indications do somewhat better.     

Purchase and redemption decisions of mutual fund investors and the role of fund families

This paper investigates the purchases and redemptions of a large cross-sectional sample of German equity funds. We find that investors not only punish bad performance by selling their shares, but also have a tendency to sell winners. Investors in large fund families show higher sales and redemption rates. Furthermore, family size also affects the flow-performance relationship: investors in large families punish bad performance more. Last, we find that inner family rankings play an important part for redemptions, with investors strongly redeeming their shares from intra-family losers. This result provides a potential reconciliation to the apparent contradiction between the low average holding period of mutual fund investors and the lack of investor discipline.     

证券投资基金规模适度性研究——基于中国市场的证据

随着社保、养老金等中长期资金的大规模入市,中国公募基金规模面临更快扩张,那么基金规模究竟是可以无限扩张还是存在制约？本文研究发现,基金规模扩张会受到基金经理与投资者之间的委托代理冲突、边际规模报酬递减、投资者大规模赎回的制约。基于此,本文提出了基金管理规模适度区间的概念及其相应计量模型,并借此对2011—2019年间中国公募基金市场规模的适度性进行实证判断和检验,结果显示:(1)中国公募基金的平均管理规模在2015年之前过大,2016年之后趋向适度,而在2019年出现偏小现象。(2)中国基金市场规模适度区间的上、下限呈现逐年减小趋势,但二者的差值,即适度性区间的宽度却逐年增加。(3)规模适度基金的业绩表现远好于规模不足和规模过大两类基金,但市场上的规模适度基金占比则小于另外两类基金。最后,本文就如何提升公募基金,尤其是对安全性和盈利性要求更高的养老保险基金的规模适度性提出了相应对策建议。     

投资者教育发挥作用了吗?——来自公募基金个人投资者调查数据的证据

投资者教育是保障资本市场平稳运行、良性发展的重要举措,也是我国资本市场重要的基础性制度建设。本文利用20000多份全国公募基金个人投资者调查数据,分析了投资者教育对基金投资收益的影响,并基于行为金融学框架探究了其背后的作用机制。以往文献研究表明,金融知识水平对投资收益会产生显著影响,本文研究发现,获取金融知识的渠道也会影响投资收益。相对于自己学习金融知识、相关工作经验累积金融知识、向亲戚朋友学习金融知识,投资者教育(如参加金融机构的投资教育活动、接受金融经济类课程或培训)更有助于投资者缓解趋势追逐、频繁交易、处置效应等交易行为偏差,从而获得更高的投资收益。进一步分析表明,投资者教育通过提高“理性程度”来提升基金投资盈利概率、投资总收益率和年均收益率的中介效应分别为19.41%、17.09%和12.75%。此外,不同群体参与投资者教育的积极性和受教育效果存在显著差异,投资者教育要更多采取“分类教育”的形式。本文研究对进一步加强投资者教育、更好地推动资本市场发展具有一定的参考意义。     

Hedge fund marketing in an era of regulatory scrutiny

Hedge fund marketing professionals must do a better job of educating the investment industry, regulators included, in an attempt to be sure their voice is heard accurately and loudly through effective thought leadership. When more people understand the role that hedge funds play in an investment portfolio, the cloud of mystery will continue to lift and hedge fund investors will be able to make their own judgment. Hedge fund managers, financial media, investor relations professionals, and others play a key role in this process. Concurrent with this marketing focus, however, the industry must comply with the new requirements of hedge fund regulation and other legal issues. Those who fail to pay heed to the regulators may find themselves in a perilous position.     

Daily mutual fund flows and redemption policies

We examine how redemption policies affect daily fund flows in open-end mutual funds. Since short-term trading of fund shares, as manifested in daily fund flows, can have an adverse impact on returns to the fund’s shareholders, mutual funds might find it desirable to discourage short-term trading through the use of redemption fees. However, if daily fund flows are due to fund shareholders’ legitimate liquidity demands, the redemption fee would have little effect on daily fund flows and possibly adversely affect fund shareholders by imposing a liquidity cost on them. We find that the likelihood of a fund charging a redemption fee is largely a function of its overall fee structure. We also use a sample of funds that imposed redemption fees to examine whether the distribution of daily fund flows changes after the initiation of the redemption fee. We find that the redemption fee is an effective tool in controlling the volatility of fund flows.     

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUND EXPENSES

Mutual fund investors are subjected to many fees and expenses related to both the management of the fund assets and the sale and distribution of the fund's shares. In recent years these expenses have increased as a percentage of assets. The preoccupation of mutual fund investors with using performance evaluation as a selection criterion is misguided because of the volatility of investment returns. Whether the fund's performance is due to superior management or just good luck is difficult to determine. On the other hand, mutual fund expenses are stable. As such, the mutual fund investor should pursue a policy of choosing funds with low expenses. In this paper we conduct an empirical analysis of these expenses. The results of our analysis of equity funds suggest that expense-conscious investors should look at the fund size, age, turnover ratio, cash ratio, and existence of a 12b-1 fee as key determinants of expenses. Our analysis of bond funds suggests that the key factors are the fund's sales charge, weighted average maturity, size, and existence of a 12b-1 fee.     

Australian equity mutual fund size effects

Berk and Green propose a model of a superannuation fund industry, with a limited population of superior fund managers and a competitive investor market. In this market, superior fund managers capture the value they generate, leaving investors with a normal return on their investment. Furthermore, it is argued that previous period returns, age of the fund and management costs explain variation in net cash flow paid into a fund over time. The Berk and Green predictions find some support in empirical tests, reported in the present paper, based on Australian Morningstar retail and wholesale equity fund data over the period 1995–2005.