The emergence of the maker movement: Implications for entrepreneurship research

The maker movement has been touted as a harbinger of the next industrial revolution. Through shared access to tools and digital fabrication technologies, makers can act as producers in the sharing economy and potentially increase entrepreneurship rates, catalyze advanced manufacturing, and spur economic development. We develop a model of the maker movement configured around social exchange, technology resources, and knowledge creation and sharing. We highlight opportunities for studying the conditions under which the movement might foster entrepreneurship outcomes and discuss how research on the maker movement can deepen our understanding of entrepreneurial teams and corporate entrepreneurship.     

Institutional compatibility and the internationalization of Chinese SOEs: The moderating role of home subnational institutions

This study investigates the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through the lens of the mechanism of institutional compatibility. Drawing on institutional theory, we argue that institutional compatibility (thus legitimacy) at home and institutional incompatibility (thus lack of legitimacy) abroad reduce SOEs’ OFDI activities. However, we also argue that home-country subnational factors (coercive, normative, and mimetic forces) provide a potentially offsetting effect. Using a sample of publicly listed Chinese firms, we find that coercive and mimetic forces generated from home subnational institutions reduce the negative effect of state ownership on OFDI activity.     

Bounded entrepreneurship and internationalisation of indigenous Chinese private-owned firms

Based on 16 in-depth case studies this paper argues that the internationalisation behaviour of indigenous Chinese private-owned firms can only be partially explained by the Uppsala model and the theory of international new ventures. Instead, the so-called “bounded entrepreneurship” may be the key influence on the unique internationalisation patterns and competitive positions of these firms. Managerial and policy implications and limitations of the study are discussed.     

The history of entrepreneurship: Medieval origins of a modern phenomenon

The origins of enterprise are often associated with the Industrial Revolution, but this article presents evidence of entrepreneurial activities from a much earlier date – the medieval period. Between 1250 and 1500 the church, merchants and members of the royal court all engaged in activities that demonstrated the entrepreneurial characteristics of innovation, risk-taking and judgement. The activities of the prior of Tynemouth and the career of the wool merchant William de la Pole illustrate these developments. By focusing on individuals rather than firms, it is possible to push back the study of entrepreneurship beyond the Industrial Revolution and early-modern trade to a period that witnessed the origins of the modern state.     

中国企业对外直接投资的区位选择和路径安排

随着中国综合国力增强和国内企业参与国际经济分工的深化,目前中国企业具有对外直接投资的基本条件和现实需要,近年来关于中国企业如何实施“走出去”战略已成为学术界和企业界共同关注的热点问题之一。文章综合发达国家和发展中国家的对外直接投资理论,结合我国企业的具体实际,对我国企业在实施“走出去”战略过程中的东道国区位选择和路径安排进行研究。     

我国企业对外直接投资的理论分析与实证检验

企业参与国际经济分工具有不同的方式,目前我国企业具有对外直接投资的基本条件和现实需要。文章首先综述了发达国家和发展中国家的FDI理论,然后分析了国际经济分工模式和理论演进,比较了不同分工方式的风险和绩效,最后对我国企业对外直接投资进行了理论和实证研究。     

The motivation of international entrepreneurship: The case of Chinese transnational entrepreneurs

The ventures of transnational entrepreneurs (TEs) are a new business phenomenon, representing a fluid context in which established arrangements may be expected to change. In terms of one particular relationship, motivation has been found to be a key construct in international entrepreneurship (IE) research, with two established features of motivation comprising entrepreneurial vision and its implementation. At the same time, nationality has been found to be a consistent influence on entrepreneurial orientation through the impact of culture. Employing qualitative case study methods, this paper investigates these relationships in the new context of the internationalization of Chinese TEs socially embedded in their host and home countries. Subtle changes in established patterns of IE motivation are detected, and Chinese cultural influence may also be weakening to meet the environment of host countries.     

我国企业跨国并购的整合风险及应对之策

近年来,我国企业在实践“走出去”战略的过程中,大胆尝试跨国并购,颇有收获。但是,不少企业在跨国并购整合风险的问题上存在着理论和实践误区,它们常常仅关注并购本身,轻视整合,从而使不少前景看好的并购,最终以失败告终。因此,本文借鉴国际企业的并购经验,联系我国企业跨国并购的实践,拟就我国企业跨国并购的现状、特点、整合风险及对策,做一探讨。     

Enterprise ownership and control in China: Governance with a Chinese twist

Inefficient state-owned enterprises in China were compelled to restructure to remain competitive, which resulted in phenomenal economic growth. While economically successful, China did not initially have any indigenous laws to regulate companies or control this growth, so Chinese lawmakers had to transplant corporate laws from developed Western countries. However, this transplantation process did not occur without problems, and certain domestic attributes had to be supplemented in corporate legislation to correspond with Chinese socialistic objectives and cultural values. This article analyzes the key attributes of Chinese corporate governance and regulations concerning shareholders’ rights and, in the process, highlights provisions that are peculiar and characterized as uniquely Chinese, ultimately raising more questions than answers for shareholders.     

The emergence, advance and future of international entrepreneurship research — An introduction to the special forum

Since its genesis over twenty years ago, research in International Entrepreneurship has emerged as a field of study, and moved through the process of differentiation, mobilization and legitimacy building. Generally referred to as IE, research in this area is conducted by scholars worldwide and supported by various community structures, conferences and journals. In recognition of IE, this Special Forum was initiated to help clarify its parameters and history of development, the areas of research pertinent to it and critically, directions for future research.     

A corporate entrepreneurship perspective of pre‐entry strategies for internationalization: A case study of a Chinese business conglomerate

The international expansion of Chinese firms is a remarkable phenomenon of contemporary international business. However, international expansion is particularly challenging for firms expanding from emerging market economies such as China because they have relatively few ownership advantages and suffer disadvantages. We apply a corporate entrepreneurship perspective to explore this under‐researched topic via a longitudinal case study of a large Chinese business conglomerate. Thirty‐one semistructured interviews and seven focus‐group discussions were conducted with 55 informants; company documents were also analyzed. We found sophisticated pre‐entry entrepreneurial initiatives are critical for successful internationalization, as they enable emerging market firms to overcome some constraints, leverage their assets, and build competences for international venturing.     

National culture, networks and ethnic entrepreneurship: A comparison of the Indian and Chinese immigrants in the US

This paper uses a combination of national cultural frameworks and social capital theory to explain the formation and management of entrepreneurial ventures among immigrant communities. The varying rates of venture formation and performance among different ethnic groups points to the role that the different dimensions of culture play in how immigrants use their social networks to start such firms. We use the specific example of the Indian and Chinese communities in the US to demonstrate this effect and explain how businesses created by members of these communities could have potentially different ways of starting and operating that can be directly traced to the differences in cultural orientation of their owners. What emerges can be summarized as: (a) different immigrant communities have different ways of accumulating and using social capital in starting and managing their ethnic ventures; (b) these dissimilarities manifest themselves in variations in the motives for forming these ventures, human resource practices and termination rates; and (c) that these variations can partly be explained by the differences in their respective national cultures.     

股份制和中国资本市场改革

股份制和资本市场改革是中国最重要的改革之一。本文分析了我国股份制和资本市场改革的历史背景及其重要作用,指出应发展多层次资本市场,加强资本市场各项制度的建设,让资本市场在发展中规范,在规范中发展。     

国企领导人制度“去行政化”的市场逻辑与改革路径

转型期国企领导人制度行政化的实践弊端日渐显现,已经成为完善国有企业现代企业制度、健全公司法人治理结构的主要掣肘。推行国企领导人制度“去行政化”改革,必须坚持党管干部原则,准确把握“去行政化”的实践要求,处理好增量改革与存量改革的关系,在国企分类管理前提下,逐步建立与社会主义市场体制与现代企业制度相适应,权责明确,能进能出,能上能下,收入能增能减的选人用人新机制。     

《现代汉语》课程教学改革的研究与探讨

传统的《现代汉语》教学存在一些弊端,已经不能适应现代社会对语言运用能力的要求,《现代汉语》课程的教学必须进行改革。通过优化教学内容,突出课程应用性和针对性;根据教学内容、结合学生的实际情况采用灵活教学方法,并与传统教学方法相结合,适当地运用现代教学手段,提高课堂的教学效果。     

中国企业跨国并购中的竞争情报保障研究

从竞争情报的角度分析了中国企业跨国并购中的成败得失，挖掘跨国并购行为中的情报需求，弄清竞争情报该如何为跨国并购行为发挥应有的保障作用．让中国企业成功实现“走出去”的目标。     

浅谈中小型民营制造企业的转型升级

中小型民营制造企业做为一个法律主体,一直处于相关法律系统缺位的状态或是相关法律不明确、混乱的状态。因而在转型升级中,必须实现有法可依,使其能在法律的保障和约束下进行转型升级。仅以京津冀经济链附近的某四线城市的中小型民营制造企业为借鉴主体提出立法建议,鼓励中小型民营制造企业建立健全完善的现代企业体系;建立健全中小型民营制造企业的政府管理、服务体系;积极完善中小型民营制造企业的电子信息档案;鼓励中小型民营制造企业企业主、管理人员、技术人员参加职业培训、成人教育等渠道接受再教育,提高相关知识、技术水平。     

中国跨国公司培育的法经济学分析及立法政策

中国企业跨国投资已具备制度优势,培育中国跨国公司不仅是中国政府的责任,也是中国企业应承担的经济社会发展责任。法律问题已成为制约中国跨国公司培育的重要障碍。这些障碍表现在政府的投资审批中的法治意识、宏观协调制度、监管制度以及企业的跨国公司治理机制的缺乏。因此,中国急需从跨国投资主体、客体和行为三方面规范企业跨国投资,并针对目前我国海外投资法律制度极不健全的状况,建立海外投资法律体系和相关法律制度。     

How online trust evolves over time: The role of social perception

Using customer service scenarios in an online retail context, the current study examines how cognitive and affective trust develop over time and how service failure negatively impacts trust, along with the trust restoration opportunities provided by recovery. Study 1 findings reveal that the relationship between Web site social perception and affective trust is stronger for repeat visitors than for first-time visitors. Study 2 findings indicate that failure timing and recovery duration play important roles in service failure situations. Overall, the results demonstrate that consumer cognitive and affective trust develop through the number of interactions with a retail Web site over time and that increased Web site social perceptions facilitate the trust-building process.     

美国“337”条款与我国企业对策研究

对美国"337"条款缺乏了解与对策已成为我国企业在对美贸易中遭受损失的重要原因之一,本文在对美国"337"条款进行分析的基础上对我国企业提出相应的对策建议。