乳及乳制品加工的技术优化

将国外乳制品工业的先进技术和设备与我国乳及乳制品加工的实际情况相结合，通过对乳及乳制品特性的认真分析和相关指标的精心比选，从而实现了工艺流程、工艺设备及工艺管道的优化。     

信息平台

澳大利亚制定有关乳制品的初级生产及加工标准评估草案日前,澳大利亚澳新食品标准局(FSANZ)宣布制定了第P296号草案的评估草案--乳制品的初级生产及加工标准。乳制品初级生产及加工的评估草案报告包括:乳及乳制品安全性的科学评估,乳及乳制品安全的可选管理方式,以及拟纳入澳新     

乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法探讨

社会经济的不断发展和科学技术日益更新,对食品安全提出了新的要求,对乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法也提出了严格要求。乳及乳制品中脂肪的含量要控制在合理范围内,否则就会使脂肪含量过高,继而给民众健康带来诸多负面影响。所以,乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法要不断更新、与时俱进,保障食品安全。坚持以人为本,使科学发展观的理念落到实处。基于此,本文将对乳及乳制品中的脂肪测定方法进行探讨,并提出科一些措施,以期为食品安全提供科学保证。     

嗜冷菌产生的耐热性脂肪酶对液态奶品质的影响

嗜冷菌产生的耐热性脂肪酶是引起乳及乳制品质量缺陷的主要原因之一.大多数嗜冷菌产生的脂肪酶具有非常高的耐热性,即使经过巴氏处理后仍然能够存活.残留的脂肪酶能分解脂肪产生游离的脂肪酸,导致乳及乳制品的风味劣化.通过检测脂肪酶的活性可以达到预测、控制原料乳和乳制品的质量.     

浅论乳及乳制品的品质检验

乳与乳制品是营养丰富、容易消化吸收的食品。其品种有消毒乳、酸牛乳、全脂无糖炼乳(淡炼乳)、全脂加糖炼乳(甜炼乳)、全脂乳粉、脱脂乳粉、奶油、稀奶油、硬质干酪等。在乳与乳制品的生产过程中,需要分离和鉴定与生产有关的细菌,也需要分离和鉴定病原菌以及与卫生学有关的细菌。本文从多个方面入手,论述了乳及乳制品的品质检验方法,并在最后对乳及乳制品检验后的食用原则进行了分析,以期为行业内的相关人员提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

浅析乳品变质与微生物污染

我国乳及乳制品消费量逐年增加,但由腐败变质引起的损失巨大。基于此,针对乳品腐败变质的问题,综述微生物污染对乳及乳制品的影响,并对其原因进行分析。     

乳制品质量安全违规行为监管体系研究

乳制品质量安全违规行为存在于乳制品供应链中的原料乳供应环节、乳制品加工环节和乳制品流通环节。其内在原因是为追求自身利益而丧失职业道德,外在原因在于市场失灵和监管失效。在乳制品供应链中,应着重考虑原料乳供应环节和乳制品加工环节的违规行为,乳制品质量安全违规行为监管体系可由政府及其监管部门、行业协会和乳制品加工企业共同组成。政府监管部门应按照全国统一领导、地方政府负责、部门指导协调、分段监管为主、品种监管为辅等原则进行监管;行业协会可以对乳制品质量安全违规者进行调查和惩处;政府作为外部力量应对行业协会进行行为约束;乳制品加工企业应对其原料乳供应者的行为实行监管,以约束上游原料乳供应者的违规行为。     

乳业市场持续高增长

在食品制造业这一传统的产业中,液体乳及乳品行业以其潜在的巨大市场空间和良好的成长性被誉为食品制造业中的朝阳产业。1999～2002年,液体乳及乳制品制造业产品销售收入年均增长30.2％,利润总额年均增长323.7％,比同期工业总销售收入和利润的增幅分别高16.3和283.5个百分点;而比同期食品制造业的销售收入和利润的增长幅度分别高17.5和254.4个百分点。今年1～7月,液体乳及乳制品制造业实现销售收入254.87亿元,同比增长37.7％,占食品制造业销售收入的比重达到了22.6％,成为食品制造业中最大的行业。从行业效益和成长性看,液体乳及乳制品制造业明显优于食品制造业中的其他6个行业。     

植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY在发酵乳制品中的应用研究

为评估植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY用于生产具有高益生菌活菌和高稳定性能的发酵乳制品的可行性,本研究测定了其酶活和凝乳能力,制备了益生菌酸奶、活性发酵乳和发酵乳饮料并评估了保存稳定性.结果表明,植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY应用于益生菌酸奶、活性发酵乳以及发酵乳饮料时,均具有风味良好、后酸控制较好、高活菌稳定性的特点.该菌株作为益生菌,其活菌及代谢产物具有多种保健功能,开发发酵乳制品将具有良好的市场前景和经济效益.     

直物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY在发酵乳制品中的应用研究

为评估植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY用于生产具有高益生茵活茵和高稳定性能的发酵乳制品的可行性,本研究测定了其酶活和凝乳能力,制备了益生茵酸奶、活性发酵乳和发酵乳饮料并评估了保存稳定性。结果表明,植物乳杆菌LP-ONLLY应用于益生茵酸奶、活性发酵乳以及发酵乳饮料时,均具有风味良好、后酸控制较好、高活茵稳定性的特点。该菌株作为益生茵,其活菌及代谢产物具有多种保健功能,开发发酵乳制品将具有良好的市场前景和经济效益。     

The establishment of injury surveillance in Thailand

The Provincial Injury Surveillance System was initiated in Thailand in 1993 to establish a database for assessment of the quality of acute care and referral services provided to the injured at the provincial level, and to facilitate injury prevention and control at both local and national levels. An injury surveillance system model that adopted a trauma registry as the record form, was established in five selected large hospitals, one from Bangkok and four from major regions of Thailand. Data analysis was undertaken and utilized at both local and national levels. The Epidemiology Division of the Ministry of Public Health supervised and assessed the data quality. Evaluators from the School of Public Health identified problems in operating the system at the provincial level and assessed the feasibility of expanding the project. The data of 66,895 injuries including 1,755 deaths reported in 1995; revealed fundamental problems in the emergency medical services. Causes of major injuries were identified and their epidemiology described. The coverage of reporting was over 90%. The completeness and reliability of recording ranged from 80.6–100%. This model of sentinel surveillance is appropriate for injury problems, which are of large magnitude and are at the early phase of problem solving. Development of the information systems administration and human resource in computer technology are necessary to cope with the problems of increased workload in data collecting and processing. This model of surveillance is feasible for expansion but its data system has to be appropriately integrated into the existing systems of the hospitals.     

电子商务中的诚信缺失及对策

目前,我国电子商务遭遇到一系列的道德问题,而诚信是调节我国电子商务活动的主要道德向量。因此,加强诚信建设是促进我国电子商务健康发展的重要途径。文章重点分析了加强诚信建设的重要性,指出了电子商务中诚信缺失的原因以及如何加强诚信的宣传、教育和普及,努力营造出一个诚实可信的社会文化环境。     

Striking a Balance Between Rules and Principles-based Approaches for Effective Governance: A Risks-based Approach

Several recent studies and initiatives have emphasized the importance of a strong ethical organizational DNA (ODNA) to create and promote an effective corporate governance culture of trust, integrity and intellectual honesty. This paper highlights the drawbacks of an excessively heavy reliance on rules-based approaches that increase the cost of doing business, overshadow essential elements of good corporate governance, create a culture of dependency, and can result in legal absolutism. The paper makes the case that the way forward for effective corporate governance is to strike an optimal balance between rules-based and principles-based approaches. The recent corporate scandals have demonstrated that the ethical ODNA is critical to the driving force and basis of legal and regulatory requirements. Effective governance means adhering to ethical principles, not merely complying with rules, and is a crucial guardian of a firm’s reputation and integrity. It is through an effective corporate governance program (that is, one that optimally captures and integrates the appropriate aspects of rules-based and principles-based approaches, and identifies and assesses the related risks) that an organization can reconfigure its ODNA for improved performance. Focusing on the ethical ODNA as the basis of new governance measures provides an opportunity to develop a competitive advantage as it represents a potential source of differentiation, strengthens the relationship with all stakeholders of the organization by building a culture of trust and integrity, and re-instills investor confidence. This paper employs dialectical reasoning that links the ODNA through principles-driven rules in developing a risks-based approach. A comparison from a risk assessment perspective between rules-based and principles-based approaches is presented. Although there have been few applications employing dialectical reasoning in business research, this methodology can be extremely useful in isolating ethical issues and integrating them into the business process. The risks-based approach captures the benefits of both rules-based and principles-based approaches, and incorporates trust-based principles such␣as solidarity, subsidiarity and covenantal relationships.Sundera Arjoon is a Senior Lecturer in Ethics at the Department of Management Studies, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad, He has served as Head of Department (2002–2005) and as Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences (1996–2002). His publications have appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Markets and Morality, Global Development Studies, Social and Economic Studies, Applied Financial Economics, and the Journal of Eastern Carribean Studies. His current teaching and research interests include ethical decision-making, corporate governance, virtue ethics and familial ethics.     

管理者过度自信研究最新进展

行为经济学家和心理学家将认知心理学的理论及研究范式引入到企业财务经济学研究领域,提出了管理者过度自信的命题,并围绕这一命题从理论与实证角度展开了大量富有成效的研究。本文从管理者过度自信的内涵、影响因素及其度量三个角度对国内外学者的相关成果进行了梳理①,在评析现有研究成果的基础上,对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

巩固江苏外贸强省地位,探讨外贸发展新趋势

在面对人民币持续升值和利率调整,发达国家和地区的经济增长速度有所下降,外贸税收政策的调整的新形势下,江苏省要保持住外贸强省地位,政府部门必须采取积极措施,迅速把握国际市场供求信息,优化出口结构,加强对出口商品价格、数量的动态监测,引导企业增强综合竞争力,提高出口的质量和效益;增加能源、资源类产品进口,以抵消人民币汇率和利率变动对企业生产的不利影响,不断提高企业应对贸易摩擦的能力,进而达到江苏对外贸易持续健康发展的目的。     

Symbolic consumption,signification and the ‘lockout’ of electric cars, 1885–1914

The paper analyses the sources of meanings attached to consumption of the early automobile to inform analysis of the lockout of electric automobiles in the UK, mindful of related developments in France, and the USA. Data are gathered from archive sources, and include social and technical histories and popular newspapers and magazines from the period investigated (1885–1914). The paper asserts that the association of the early car with specific and particular cultural meanings, as defined by class and gender, led to it becoming an untenable choice for early consumers contributing to the ‘lockout’ of the electric car before it had a chance to establish itself as a viable socio-technical system. The conclusion highlights the limitations of an analytical focus privileging technical accounts of lockout and identifies the contribution of the concepts of symbolic consumption and signification.     

上市公司盈利预测信息自愿披露悖论:提出与解读

本文提出了一个关于上市公司盈利预测信息自愿性披露的悖论。该悖论的发现和解读表明,上市公司自愿披露盈利预测信息对减少信息不对称、增加财务信息的有用性具有重要意义。同时,自愿披露盈利预测信息对改善与投资者关系、降低上市公司的融资成本有着正面效应。然而,披露成本的存在使得公司管理层不得不在自愿披露的收益与成本之间反复斟酌,并且盈利预测信息的供求结构、资本市场的竞争强度以及经理人市场发展水平等对上市公司披露盈利预测信息的意愿程度也会产生重要影响。     

Impacts of product,store and retailer perceptions on consumers’ relationship to terroir store brand

This research shows that consumers’ relationship to terroir store brand, measured through attachment and two facets of brand loyalty (attitudinal and behavioral) is respectively influenced by their perceptions of the product, retailer and store. More specifically, the perceived authenticity of the products of the terroir store brand and its perceived value have a positive and significant influence on the attachment and behavioral loyalty of the regular buyers of this store brand and a positive and significant influence on the attachment of its occasional buyers. Trust in the retailer has a positive and significant impact on the behavioral loyalty of the regular buyers of this terroir store brand while perceived image of the store has only a positive and significant impact on the attitudinal loyalty of its occasional buyers.     

中欧贸易互补性研究——基于比较优势理论和产业内贸易理论的实证分析

自中欧建交以来,双边贸易取得了快速进展。经过2004年东扩的欧盟已经成为我国最大的贸易伙伴,同时我国也成为了欧盟的第二大贸易伙伴,不断扩大的双边贸易从一个侧面反映了中欧贸易的互补性。本文利用近十几年的贸易统计数据,分别以比较优势理论和产业内贸易理论为依据对中欧贸易的互补性进行了实证分析,从而得出了以下结论:中欧双边贸易存在较强的互补关系,中欧之间的国际分工主要以产业间的垂直分工为主,同时随着我国工业制成品国际竞争力的迅速提高,产业内贸易在中欧双边贸易中的重要性正在不断增强,中欧之间的国际分工正逐步向水平方向发展。     

2011年仓储业发展回顾与2012年展望

2011年,国务院办公厅下发《关于促进物流业健康发展政策措施的意见》,其中多处涉及仓储业,对我国仓储业发展产生了重要影响。根据中国物资储运协会对60个大型会员单位的统计,2011年样本仓储企业生产经营状况基本良好,但也存在一些不稳定因素。城市驱赶仓库的速度加快,集约节约使用土地与仓储业大量用地的矛盾更加突出,物流园区建设热情高涨,国际物流地产商积极转变经营方式,经营规模不断扩大,仓储物流中心成为竞争焦点之一。仓储企业下半年业务量下降幅度较大,货物周转次数减少,仓储业务利润主要来源于增值服务,业务构成与收入构成发生重大变化,铁路运输业务收入大幅增长,电子商务物流、电视购物物流对仓储的需求增长,金融物流业务依然高速增长。2012年,仓储与运输配送企业融合趋势将进一步加强,物流中心与物流园区的布局将调整和规范,仓储业将进入高技术时代,商贸与物流融合趋势将进一步加强,仓储物流与制造业联动趋势将进一步加强,公共物流区和租地建库模式将被重视。