探索空港口岸进境货物申报前检疫监管模式

当前,科学技术的不断提高,加剧了国内外交易的自由化进度,而在这样的背景下,对于出入境检验工作也提出了更高的要求。作为我国重要的贸易城市,航空物流十分发达,杭州空港等口岸更是在多个方面面临着重要的冲击。而申报前检疫作为检验检疫新的流程模式有着缩短流程时间、提升监管效率的特点。本文通过提出空港口岸现行入境货物检验检疫业务流程现状及存在的问题,对比申报前检疫的工作流程,体现出申报前检疫模式对于空港检验检疫业务有着降低检疫风险、提升把关成效、切合企业需求、优化通关环境等多方面实际应用价值,是有效提升空港检验检疫业务能力的监管模式。     

保税仓库——检验检疫监管的盲区

随着国际贸易的不断发展,世界各国进出口货运量快速增长,为了促进对外贸易的有利发展,在各口岸形成了一个专门存放按海关法令法规和经海关核准缓纳关税的进出口货物区域,这种区域统称保税仓库。保税货物是指经海关批准未办理纳税手续入境的货物。保税货物暂存到保税仓库内,如果     

出入境货物检验检疫处理的法律性质

本文探讨的出入境货物检验检疫处理（以下简称检验检疫处理）是指国家出入境检验检疫机构对检验检疫不合格的出入境货物依法采取的处理措施。     

入世对卫生检疫监管工作的影响与挑战

中国入世,对政府行政提出了一种体制性的挑战,作为政府一个职能部门,检验检疫机关如何正确把握挑战与机遇,在新的形势下做好卫生检疫监管工作,值得我们深思和探讨.     

进境种苗检疫监管探讨

随着我国农业产业化的实施和外经贸形势的变化,特别是我国加入世界贸易组织,贸易全球化和自由化带来的经济影响更为明显,国外种苗蜂拥而人,种苗检验检疫工作将面临新的更大的考验和挑战.如何在促进正常经济贸易和我国农业产业化的同时,防止有害生物随种苗传入,针对当前的检验检疫形势,寻找合理的解决办法,制定新的检疫政策,探索切实可行的种苗检验检疫监管模式,已成为当前检验检疫的重要任务之一.     

探析检验检疫机构在应对出口货物退运中的作用

出口货物频遭退运,一方面,严重损害了我国出口产品形象,容易由此引发贸易摩擦;另一方面,既使出口企业蒙受较大经济损失,同时还虚增了出口贸易值的统计数据。本文分析了出口货物退运的基本情况,包括退运货物的种类、国家和地区及主要原因,并探讨了避免退运的措施和建议。     

DURABILITY CHOICE AND THE PIRACY FOR PROFIT OF GOODS

We explore the impact of durable goods piracy in a simple two‐period durability choice setting where an originator faces a future for‐profit pirate that clones or duplicates copies of the durable good. We find that a social planner, as well as a monopoly originator, may well engage in a sort of ‘reversed planned obsolescence’. In other words, they manufacture a product that is more durable than the first‐best cost‐minimizing level, if they cannot directly control the pirate. We show this occurs even in rental or committed sales settings, indicating Swan's market independence result does not hold here.     

弓形虫半巢式PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank上公布的弓形虫RH株的P30基因（X14080）设计了3条特异性引物P1、P2和P3,建立了半巢式PCR检测体系,并将P1和P3的扩增产物克隆到pUCm-T载体上进行测序。结果表明,该体系能够扩增出约250bp的片段,P1和P3能扩增出约500bp的片段,克隆到pUCm-T载体上的504bp片段与P30基因（X14080）的序列同源性为99.8%。该PCR检测体系的特异性强,不能在健康猪血液、猪链球菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒DNA上扩增出条带;敏感性高,最低检测的DNA含量为18fg。     

我国产业发展政策的潜在贸易争端风险

一、2005年中欧汽车零部件贸易政策之争的起源 中国和欧盟之间的汽车贸易政策之争出现了升级迹象.这场争端起源于我国国家发展改革委员会2004年6月1日正式颁布实施的新<汽车工业产业政策>(下文简称<政策>),该<政策>第十一章"进口管理"明文规定,"国家支持汽车生产企业努力提高汽车产品本地化生产能力,带动汽车零部件企业技术进步,发展汽车制造业"(第五十二条),并提出了汽车生产企业用进口零部件生产汽车构成"整车特征"的概念(第五十三条至第五十七条).     

论中国企业对外直接投资的风险防范

近年来,中国企业“走出去”的步伐明显加快,对外直接投资规模迅速扩大,投资领域也不断拓宽。2007年中国非金融类对外直接投资额达到187．6亿美元,相当于2002年对外直接投资额的7．5倍。2008年第一季度中国对外直接投资额高达193．4亿美元,比2007年同期增长353％。截至2008年3月底,中国非金融类对外直接累计额达到1131亿美元,经过商务部核准或备案的境外中资企业超过1．2万家,     

GICA检测高致病性禽流感抗体方法的建立

[目的] 建立可快速、简便地检测微量禽流感的抗体的方法.[方法] 利用灭活的高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1建立禽流感病毒浓缩纯化样品体系,获得大量纯度较高的禽流感病毒(1512).将2.80mg/mL纯化病毒与一定大小的胶体金颗粒偶联,吸附在玻璃纤维上,制作的高致病性禽流感病毒抗体胶体金检测试纸条,用于高致病性禽流感定量(合格)检测.[结果] 显色反应良好,条带稳定,检测获得成功.[结论] 其反应特异性、敏感性、重复性良好,具备微量、快速、简便的特点,适合于进出境现场检疫和疫情普查.     

A FAMILY OF TERM-STRUCTURE MODELS FOR LONG-TERM RISK MANAGEMENT AND DERIVATIVE PRICING

In this paper we propose a new family of term-structure models based on the Flesaker and Hughston (1996) positive-interest framework. The models are Markov and time homogeneous, with correlated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes as state variables. We provide a theoretical analysis of the one-factor model and a thorough emprical analysis of the two-factor model. This allows us to identify the key factors in the model affecting interest-rate dynamics. We conclude that the new family of models should provide a useful tool for use in long-term risk management. Suitably parameterized, they can satisfy a wide range of desirable criteria, including:

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  sustained periods of both high and low interest rates similar to the cycle lengths we have observed over the course of the 20th century in the United Kingdom and the United States

       
  
  

ACCOUNTING FOR RISK AVERSION, VESTING, JOB TERMINATION RISK AND MULTIPLE EXERCISES IN VALUATION OF EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS

We present a valuation framework that captures the main characteristics of employee stock options (ESOs), which financial regulations now require to be expensed in firms' accounting statements. The value of these options is much less than Black–Scholes prices for corresponding market-traded options due to the suboptimal exercising strategies of the holders, which arise from risk aversion, trading and hedging constraints, and job termination risk. We analyze the combined effect of all of these factors along with the standard ESO features of multiple exercising rights, and vesting periods. This leads to the study of a chain of nonlinear free-boundary problems of reaction-diffusion type. We find that job termination risk, vesting, finite maturity and non-zero interest rates are significant contributors to the ESO cost. However, we find that in the presence of vesting, the impact of allowing multiple exercise rights on ESO cost is negligible.     

OVERLAPPING SETS OF PRIORS AND THE EXISTENCE OF EFFICIENT ALLOCATIONS AND EQUILIBRIA FOR RISK MEASURES

The overlapping expectations and the collective absence of arbitrage conditions introduced in the economic literature to insure existence of Pareto optima and equilibria with short‐selling when investors have a single belief about future returns, is reconsidered. Investors use measures of risk. The overlapping sets of priors and the Pareto equilibrium conditions introduced by Heath and Ku for coherent risk measures are respectively reinterpreted as a weak no‐arbitrage and a weak collective absence of arbitrage conditions and shown to imply existence of Pareto optima and Arrow–Debreu equilibria.     

ESTIMATION OF VALUE AT RISK AND RUIN PROBABILITY FOR DIFFUSION PROCESSES WITH JUMPS

In this paper we give upper bounds for both the Value at Risk   VaR _α,  0 < α < 1  , and for ruin probabilities associated with the supremum of a process driven by a Brownian motion and a compound Poisson process. We obtain lower bounds for the same Value at Risk, and for different cases we discuss the behavior of the bounds for small α. We prove our bounds are "asymptotically" optimal, as α tends to zero. The ruin probabilities obtained are related to other bounds found in recent literature.