中国的短期国际资本流动:现状、流动途径和影响因素

2003年之后,由于人民币升值预期和国内的房地产、股票市场价格高涨,大量热钱通过各种渠道进入中国,引起了政府和学术界的关注。本文以中国短期国际资本流动为研究对象,重点对中国短期资本流动的规模、影响资本流入和流出的主要因素等进行分析。在长期内利差和人民币预期升值率都是影响中国短期资本流动的主要因素,但是人民币升值预期的影响更加重要。中国需要进一步加快汇率改革,同时要在开放之中提高资本管制的有效性。     

人民币汇率预期、短期国际资本流动与房价

2015年8月,央行进行中间价形成机制改革,人民币汇率预期的波动增强,短期国际资本流动及房价随之呈现出不同的特征。文章探索了三者间的传导机制,发现人民币汇率预期升值会促进短期国际资本流入,而流入的短期国际资本对房价的影响却与汇率预期的波动强度有关。文章采用TVPSV-VAR模型对2010年7月至2016年12月的月度数据进行了实证研究,发现在两次汇改后,汇率预期波动较大,人民币汇率预期升值冲击通过短期国际资本流动更多地作用于房地产的需求端,使房价加速上涨。基于在不同汇率预期波动条件下三者的互动关系特征,文章从人民币汇率预期管理、短期国际资本的管理和引导以及综合管理机制的建立的角度提出政策建议。     

人民币升值对中国国际资本流动的影响

汇率波动是影响国际资本流动的重要因素,本文结合中国国际资本流动的主要特点,对人民币汇率波动及人民币汇率升值预期对中国国际资本流动的影响进行经验分析.实证结果表明,中国经济的持续快速发展和人民币升值预期是吸引国际资本大量流入中国的重要因素,人民币升值将会抑制FDI 的流入,但不会使我国的FDI 明显下降,国内利率也与FDI 呈负相关关系.本文认为,人民币名义汇率的适度升值和长期稳定性有利于外资的合理流入,但目前阶段应加强资本监管,预防经济风险.     

人民币汇率改革对中国房地产价格的影响

2005年人民币汇率改革以来，学术界对于人民币汇率与房地产价格之间的关系进行了一系列探讨，大部分集中在用预期效应的理论以及日本泡沫破灭的经验来分析二者之间的关系。文章采用截至2007年11月的最新数据，包括国家统计局的国房景气指数．中房上海指数以及国际知名咨询公司的研究报告数据．阐述人民币升值对国内外投资房地产市场的资本的影响．从而说明人民币升值对于国内房地产价格的影响．     

资本流动与开放条件下人民币汇率制度选择

汇率问题一直是影响国际资本特别是国际短期资本流动的重要问题。20世纪90年代以来,国际短期资本流动的速度不断加快,流动量也不断增加;国际短期资本的重要活动场所越来越倾向于发展中国家的新兴经济体;我国加入WTO后,国际资本尤其是国际短期资本的流动对我国金融经济的影响越来越大,选择合适的人民币汇率制度会减轻国际短期资本流动对我国的冲击。人民币汇率制度选择的长期目标是建立浮动汇率制,近期目标和现实选择是人民币汇率目标区。     

人民币汇率:相关问题与理论思索

人民币汇率制度自2002年底以来一直是国际金融领域内的热点话题之一。作者结合一年多以来国内外有关人民币汇率讨论的几个核心问题的评述,对这些问题进行了理论上的梳理和思索,提出了一些的新的看法和研究视角。作者认为在缺乏较自由的外汇市场前提下,难以准确评价现行人民币汇率低估还是高估了,基于主观评价基础上的人民币升值观点缺乏说服力。作者否定了汇率制度向两极化发展的观点,认为中间汇率制度仍有很强的生命力,国际汇率制度的发展趋势是在稳定性和灵活性之间作权衡组合。人民币汇率制度改革不是放弃汇率的稳定,应在保持基本稳定的基础上适当增加灵活性。作者建议过渡到爬行浮动。作者还对“三元悖论”作了新的诠释,认为只要在资本流动、货币政策和汇率稳定三者之间进行综合平衡,完全可以获得人民币汇率稳定又同时实现资本项目开放条件下的货币政策独立性。     

人民币汇率生成机制改革对短期资本流动和国际收支的影响

本文运用金融资产组合理论和贸易套汇理论分别分析了人民币汇率生成机制改革对金融性资本流动及贸易性资本流动的影响。指出短期内它将促进境外短期资本的流入。在长期中,随着人民币名义汇率逐渐趋近实际均衡汇率,人民币汇率浮动区间的动态调整,这有利于实现我国国际收支平衡。同时面对短期资本流动的影响,要进一步完善金融市场和体系的建设,只有这样才能使之趋利避害。     

人民币汇率与中国贸易平衡:基于汇改后数据的实证研究

本文运用计量方法考察汇率制度改革后贸易平衡价格弹性的变化和人民币升值对中国贸易平衡的影响.主要得到以下的结论:自2005年7月人民币汇率制度改革以来,我国贸易平衡的价格弹性显著增强,汇率的价格信号机制有所加强,表明汇率制度改革使人民币汇率更好地发挥对贸易收支的调节作用;人民币升值不能显著减少中国贸易顺差,但人民币升值会改变中国与不同贸易伙伴之间的贸易平衡关系;汇率制度改革后的人民币升值对工业制成品贸易的影响要大于对初级品贸易的影响.     

人民币汇率、短期国际资本流动与房价——基于时变参数向量自回归模型的研究

2017年上半年以来,金融周期的概念受到广泛关注。我国房价与人民币汇率,作为资产价格,在金融周期中呈现较强的相关性。随着我国资本项目的逐步对外开放,国际资本流动加大了二者的相关程度,表现出金融顺周期性。通过TVP-VAR模型,文章分析房价、短期国际资本流动与人民币汇率的时变动态关系,试图用短期国际资本流动解释房价与汇率的相关性,并发现国际资本的顺周期性呈现不对称特点：国际资本流出时期在房价与汇率的相关性中起到桥梁变量的作用,较流入时期而言顺周期性更强。因此,文章认为关注金融周期中资本项目开放产生的不对称顺周期性对于防范金融危机具有重要意义。     

国际热钱与人民币升值

自人民币汇改以来,人民币一直以缓慢的速度持续升值。在人民币寻求均衡汇率的过程中,其升值预期不断被放大。在这种形势下,国际资本巨量涌入国内,进一步扩大资本流动性过剩,对我国经济发展产生巨大的影响。从股市的疯狂,到地产的火爆,再至其他投资领域的狂热,国际热钱肆意游动,充分体现出资本逐利的本性。如何有效遏止国际热钱和流动性过剩,人民币的进一步升值是根本之举措。     

The stock market and the ringgit exchange rate: a note

This paper presents and tests an augmented monetary model that includes the effect of stock prices on the bilateral exchange rates. The model is applied to the ringgit/US dollar (RM/US) and ringgit/Japanese yen (RM/JY) exchange rates. The empirical analysis is conducted by the Johansen method of cointegration. Using the data from the recent float that ends with 1996:Q4, the study is motivated, among others, by an interesting preliminary finding that although the augmented monetary model is cointegrated, it is subject to parameter instability and that the parameter time dependency can be attributed at least partly to a particular subset of the variables in the system including stock prices. We find that a restricted VAR model which imposes exogeneity restrictions on I(1) variables, such as stock prices, among others, exhibits both cointegration and parameter stability. In addition, we demonstrate that exchange rate adjusts to clear any disequilibrium in the long-run relationship. The empirical findings tend to suggest that the equity market is significant in affecting the exchange rate and in explaining at least in part the parameter instability evidenced in the cointegrating system. Hence, we conclude that models of equilibrium exchange rate should be extended to include equity markets in addition to bond markets.     

Exchange rates,stock prices,and money markets: evidence from Singapore

This paper uses a monetary approach to analyze the asymmetric asset-price movements (exchange rates and stock prices) in Singapore, a small open economy with managed exchange rate targeting. The Singapore dollar exchange rates vis-à-vis the developed countries’ currencies are negatively related to stock prices whereas the relationship between the Singapore dollar-Malaysian ringgit exchange rate and stock prices is positive instead. The pattern of asymmetry is explained by the relative exchange-rate elasticity of real money demand and real money supply and evidenced by the distributed-lag regression and VAR analysis. Furthermore, the distributed-lag regression of monthly data suggests that fiscal revenues as well as fiscal expenditures exert positive influences on stock prices.     

Testing for cointegration with threshold effect between stock prices and exchange rates in Japan and Taiwan

This paper empirically investigates the exchange rate effects of the New Taiwan dollar against the Japanese Yen (NTD/JPY) on stock prices in Japan and Taiwan from January 1991 to Mach 2008. Our study employs the newly threshold error-correction model (TECM) elaborated by Enders and Granger [Enders, W., Granger, C.W.F., 1998. Unit-root tests and asymmetric adjustment with an example using the term structure of interest rates. Journal of Business Economics & Statistics 16, 304–311] and Enders and Siklos [Enders, W., Siklos, P.L., 2001. Cointegration and threshold adjustment. Journal of Business Economics & Statistics 19, 166–176], assuming the nature of the relationship between the variables is on the basis of non-linearity. The empirical evidence suggests that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between NTD/JPY and the stock prices of Japan and Taiwan during the time period investigated. However, an asymmetric threshold cointegration relationship only exists in Taiwan’s financial market. Furthermore, we extend our research by taking into account the effect of the U.S. exchange rate specifically on Taiwan’s financial market. This research also finds a long-term equilibrium and asymmetric causal relationships between NTD/USD and the stock prices of Taiwan. In addition, the results of TECM Granger-Causality tests show that no short-run causal relationship exists between the two financial assets considered for both countries’ cases. However, in the long run a positive causal relationship running from either the Japan or U.S. exchange rate to the stock prices of Taiwan strongly argues for the traditional approach.     

牛、熊市状况下人民币汇率与股价关系分析

文章分析了2005年7月人民币汇率改革以后牛熊市下人民币汇率和股票价格的关系,本文发现,在牛市期间,汇率和股票指数在滞后一期上是互为Granger因果关系的,在其余的各滞后期,汇率都是股票指数的Granger原因,而股票指数都不是汇率变动的Granger原因。从两者的互相影响的关系上看,两者在一定程度上互相影响,但是汇率变化对股指变化的影响比股指变化对汇率变化的影响的程度要更深。而在熊市情况下,人民币汇率和股票指数之间不存在协整关系。     

An Investigation of the Effects of Prices and Exchange Rates on Trade Flows in East Asia

This paper investigates the dynamic response of imports and exports to changes in domestic prices, foreign prices and real effective exchange rates for Korea, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. A vector autoregressive model and cointegration analysis are used to study the long-run relationships and the short-run dynamics of these variables. The vector error-correction model indicates that in almost all cases, domestic and foreign prices have a larger impact on the trade flows than the real effective exchange rates. We cannot find any significant difference in the response time of import demand to shocks in prices and exchange rates; however, the response time for export supply varies among countries.     

The Interactions of Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in the ASEAN-5 Countries: New Evidence Using a Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Approach

Abstract

Using a data-set from the ASEAN-5 countries over the January 2000–August 2013 period, this paper revisits the Granger causal nexus between the equity and foreign exchange markets by employing the bootstrap panel Granger causality approach developed by Kònya, which allows for both cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity across countries. The results indicate a unidirectional causality from stock prices to exchange rates in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand and from exchange rates to stock prices in Indonesia. These findings have important implications for policy-makers and institutional investors who should rigidly monitor the dynamic linkages between stock price and exchange rate movements across the ASEAN-5 financial markets when making policy decisions and investing in these countries.     

Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Prices in Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis

The article investigates the dynamic interactions between seven macroeconomic variables and the stock prices for an emerging market, Malaysia, using cointegration and Granger causality tests. The results strongly suggest informational inefficiency in the Malaysian market. The bivariate analysis suggests cointegration between the stock prices and three macroeconomic variables – consumer prices, credit aggregates and official reserves. From bivariate error-correction models, we note the reactions of the stock prices to deviations from the long run equilibrium. These results are further strengthened when we extend the analysis to multivariate settings. We also note some evidence that the stock prices are Granger-caused by changes in the official reserves and exchange rates in the short run.     

Does Money Have a Role in Monetary Policy for Price Stability under Inflation Targeting in Thailand?

This paper deploys Thai quarterly data for the study period 1999q1–2014q4 to econometrically investigate the proposition that money growth is an important, if not the sole, determinant of inflation under inflation targeting and that the money growth-inflation relation is not conditional on the stability of the money-demand function. The autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) bounds-testing results suggest that, across the study period, the Thai money stock (narrow or broad), real output, prices, interest rates and exchange rates maintained a long-run equilibrium relationship. The associated error-correction model of inflation confirms the cointegral relationship among money (narrow or broad), real output, prices, interest rates and exchange rates. It also suggests that money growth has a significant distributed-lag impact on inflation. The presence of this money growth-inflation relationship was associated with a stable narrow money-demand function, whereas the broad money-demand function remained unstable. These results for the study period are consistent with the view that the causal relationship between money growth and inflation holds in Thailand under inflation targeting when the Bank of Thailand deploys a short-term policy interest rate, rather than a monetary aggregate, as the instrument of monetary policy and that this relationship is not conditional on the stability of the money-demand function.     

Do Capital Inflows Matter to Asset Prices? The Case of Korea*

In the present paper, we investigate whether capital flows induce domestic asset price hikes in the case of Korea. This issue is relevant for crisis‐hit economies trying to prevent a boom–bust cycle as well as in the formulation of macroeconomic policy objectives in emerging market economies. Korea has recently experienced large capital inflows, in particular a surge in portfolio inflows. Furthermore, asset prices, including stock prices, land prices and nominal and real exchange rates, have also appreciated. The empirical results, obtained using a vector autoregression model, suggest that capital inflow shocks have caused stock prices but not land prices to increase. The effects on the nominal and real exchange rates have been limited, which relates to the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves.     

Asset Market and Balance of Payments Characteristics: An Eclectic Exchange Rate Model for the Dollar,Mark and Yen

In this paper we use an exchange rate model, which combines asset market characteristics with balance of payments interactions, to examine the nominal effective exchange rates of the German mark, Japanese yen and US dollar for the recent experience with floating exchange rates. Our approach may be interpreted as one which attempts to flesh out the missing links that arise in conditioning an exchange rate solely on relative prices, as occurs in a standard PPP analysis. Amongst the results reported in this paper are: significant, and sensible, long-run relationships for the currencies studied; complex short-run dynamics; a variance decomposition analysis which apportions nominal exchange rate error variances into real and nominal elements.