Impact of Married Women's Employment on Individual Household Member Expenditures for Clothing

Family member and per capita clothing expenditures are estimated via tobit, using 1980–1981 Consumer Expenditure Survey data. Occupation categories are developed and implicit wage rates imputed for each wife in the sample. Employed-wife households have higher expenditures for clothing than do nonemployed-wife households and wife's occupation differentially affects family member expenditures. Wife's implicit wage is not significant, while wife's unearned income has a positive impact on all categories of expenditures except for infants. These results indicate that it is not possible to generalize across family members about the influence of income and socio-demographic variables on clothing expenditures.     

Determinants of Household Expenditures on Alcohol

This paper examines the determinants of household alcohol expenditures by using a nonnormal and heteroscedastic double-hurdle model to accommodate zero observations in the sample. The model is a generalization of the double-hurdle model estimated in previous studies of alcohol consumption. We also examine the effects of explanatory variables by calculating and decomposing the elasticities. Findings support the use of a more generalized error distribution. Income, region, education, and household demographics are among the significant determinants of alcohol expenditures.     

农村劳动力转移对农户教育支出的冲击及财政政策含义

劳动力转移所带来的收入已成为农户收入的最重要来源之一并有力地促进了农户收入增长.但是本文采用中国健康与营养调查数据,通过实证分析发现农村劳动力转移对于农户教育支出存在显著的抑制作用,从而不利于农村居民长期收入增长和缩小城乡居民收入差距.进一步研究发现,在教育财政政策设计上,现阶段农村公共教育重"基础教育"轻"职业教育"和"成人教育"的财政支出结构是造成劳动力转移抑制农户教育投资的根本诱因之一.     

Cohort Effects of Household Expenditures on Food Away from Home

Data from 23 years of the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey (1982–2004) are analyzed to investigate cohort effects on food away-from-home (FAFH) expenditures using the age, period, and cohort (APC) model. Nine 10-year interval cohorts are included, from the Interbellum Generation born between 1896 and 1905 to the MTV Generation born between 1976 and 1985. Analyses reveal that later-born cohorts spend more on FAFH, both in dollar amount and in food budget share, compared with earlier-born cohorts. Significant cohort differences in FAFH remain after additional sociodemographic and economic variables are controlled.     

Individual Consumption Within the Household: A Study of Expenditures on Clothing

This paper studies expenditures on clothing for children and their parents using the individual consumer as the basic unit of analysis. The effects on clothing expenditure of the age, sex, and race of the household member, the composition, location, and total expenditures of the household, and the education and occupation of the parents are analyzed using multivariate Tobit analysis. Data are taken from the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1984–1985.     

Impact of Consumer Installment Debt on Food Expenditures

Trends in consumer installment credit over the period 1980 to 1989 are discussed; as well, a two-equation recursive model is developed to identify and assess the impact of installment credit on food expenditures. The first equation concerns factors affecting the ratio of consumer installment credit to personal disposable income, namely habit persistence, expected income, the prime interest rate, the unemployment rate, and the percentage of the population aged 25 to 44. The second equation focuses on factors affecting real per capita food expenditures, namely the real price of food, real per capita personal disposable income, seasonality, and a polynomial distributed lag of the measure of the ratio of consumer installment credit to personal disposable income from the first equation. The ratio of installment credit to personal disposable income has a positive effect on food expenditures; over the long run a one percent change in this ratio leads to a 0.15 percent change in real per capita food expenditures. On average, it takes just over six months for a change in this ratio to be transferred to food expenditures.     

Do Promotions Increase Store Expenditures? A Descriptive Study of Household Shopping Behavior

An important question for retailers is whether promotions induce households to increase their in-store expenditures or merely reallocate a predetermined shopping budget. Should expenditures be fixed, retailers might decrease their profitability when running promotions by displacing expenditures from high margin to lower margin products. Using household level store receipts and an extended AIDS model, we provide evidence that while household expenditures do increase with promotions, there is also a significant reallocation of expenditures among the different categories. This implies that retailers have to choose carefully which products are promoted, if promotions are to increase profits.     

收入不平等对家庭杠杆率的影响

家庭杠杆率的不断攀升和收入不平等的扩大,引起了社会的广泛关注.本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,研究了收入不平等对家庭杠杆率的影响.研究结果表明:(1)收入不平等显著提高中国家庭杠杆率,收入差距提高10％,家庭杠杆率显著提升4.64％;(2)进一步分析表明,随着收入不平等的扩大,低财富家庭杠杆显著提高,低财富群体的家庭杠杆水平主要是由住房负债所推动;(3)异质性分析显示,在低房价和经济发展较为落后的地区、户主受教育水平较低及1套房家庭,收入不平等对家庭杠杆的影响更为敏感.本文的研究为认识收入不平等和家庭杠杆率的关系提供了证据,可为相关政策的制定提供参考.     

金融科技对家庭投资理财及消费的影响

当前,随着我国国内金融市场的发展完善,为家庭进行金融理财服务提供了多种可能,极大地丰富了金融理财的产品品种。家庭可以根据各自的需要,进行科学的理财规划和管理,采用科学的方法来进行理财投资的风险管理。根据自身的收入情况进行较为科学的规划;同时,应积极地根据我国的相关金融政策进行理财方案的调整,提高适应市场的主动性。本文以中国家庭金融投资理财的发展现状分析入手,结合金融科技对家庭投资理财的影响,对新时期家庭金融投资理财趋势分析,并对此提出一些可行的合理化的优化和建议。     

公共服务设施对北京市城区租赁住宅租金的影响

基于北京市城六区住宅租金数据、住宅以及周边五类公共产品(医院、公园、商场、电影院、博物馆)的地理信息数据、公共产品属性数据,得到各类公共产品供给指数空间分布情况以及住宅租金空间自相关特征,并利用He-donic特征定价模型和空间计量模型,分析公共服务设施空间供给对住宅租金的影响.结果表明:住宅租金在空间上呈同心环状分布,南北城差异显著;空间计量分析显示,北城平均租金高于南城,三环内高于三环外,四环外低于四环内,三四环之间租金分布无集聚特征;医院对租金有负向影响,电影院和博物馆对租金有正向影响.     

商业健康保险对家庭风险金融资产投资的影响研究

运用2017年度中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,研究商业健康保险对家庭风险金融资产投资的影响及作用机制.结果 表明:购买商业健康保险能够提高家庭参与风险金融市场的可能性、增加家庭风险金融资产配置比例,并且促进效应在不同收入水平和不同地区家庭间存在差异.进一步分析商业健康保险对家庭风险金融资产配置的影响机制发现:商业健康保险通过直接效应、预防性储蓄和健康风险的中介效应影响家庭参与风险金融市场的可能性;通过直接效应和预防性储蓄中介效应影响家庭风险金融资产持有比例,其中预防性储蓄的中介效应发挥主要作用.有鉴于此,应积极发展商业健康保险,进一步优化家庭金融资产配置和促进金融市场健康发展.     

休闲经济与流通休闲化研究

随着我国经济的快速发展,经济休闲化和休闲社会化对国民经济的发展产生了重要影响,消费者对于休闲服务与休闲产品的需求也经历了从少到多,从简单到多样的发展变化。为适应休闲经济的发展要求,流通产业必须对自身原有的发展模式进行变革,将传统流通产业的流通业态、流通目的、流通环境、流通过程、流通服务等进行一系列的休闲化改造和创新。     

Financing Retirement: The Private Sector

Since 1980, there has been a rapid shift from employerbased, defined benefit pensions to employee-controlled personal retirement accounts. This paper documents the shift and explores the conventional wisdom that this shift increases risk for retirees and will result in lower accumulation of retirement assets. In particular, it focuses on personal retirement accounts and considers the options available for retirees to contain risk and assess the likely outcomes over alternative options, including life cycle allocations. It concludes that personal retirement accounts are likely to lead to higher retirement accumulations that are also less risky than would be the case under defined benefit plans. JEL Classification G23     

Facing a Biased Adviser While Choosing a Retirement Plan: The Impact of Financial Literacy and Fair Disclosure

Buying a retirement saving plan in Israel involves meeting with an agent whose interests may differ from those of his or her customers. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of the advice given by the agent, along with that of two further factors: a fair disclosure statement regarding the agent's conflict of interest, and the customer's degree of financial literacy. Two experiments conducted among undergraduate students in Israel showed that customers mostly follow the agent's recommendation, even against their best interest, and despite the presence of a fair disclosure statement. Only participants with high financial literacy, who received a disclosure statement, did examine the alternatives closely and rejected the advice when the recommendation was damaging. We also ruled out the existence of a negative psychological reactance response to a disclosure statement that would work to the detriment of financially literate participants.     

The Effect of Debt on Perceived Household Welfare

Much of the traditional literature on consumer credit implies that using consumer credit will make families feel worse off but economic investment theory implies the use of consumer credit will not cause a decrease in utility. The effect of changes in debt-asset ratios and other financial and demographic variables on perceived financial well-being are investigated in this article. The results of the analyses indicate families' utility levels did not decrease when they used consumer credit to acquire commodities.     

休闲产业对城市化建设的拉动作用

休闲产业近几年发展较快。根据2000-2006年的面板数据对休闲产业的发展对于半岛城市群的城市化水平和产业结构的影响进行了实证分析,休闲产业对山东半岛城市化水平的提高和产业结构的改善有着显著且稳健的影响。各级政府应加强对休闲产业的宏观管理、培育积极的休闲观,提高旅游服务质量等以促进休闲产业的健康发展。     

房产和金融资产对家庭消费的影响:中国的微观证据

利用最新的中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,研究资产对家庭消费的影响。在区分耐用品消费和非耐用品消费的基础上,分析房产和金融资产及扣除债务后的净资产在消费中的作用。实证结果显示:在房产拥有者中,房产的消费弹性在0.07～0.09之间,即房产增加100元,消费将增加7～9元;而金融资产的消费弹性比房产的消费弹性要小得多,当金融资产增加100元时,消费只增加2元左右;老年家庭房产的消费弹性低于年轻家庭;城市家庭的房产消费弹性高于农村家庭;借贷能力对资产的消费弹性没有影响。     

外国直接投资对我国城镇贫困的影响——基于1985-2005年家户调查数据的协整分析

外国直接投资(FDI)一般能够促进东道国的经济增长,但对于收入分配以致对于贫困的影响却是不确定的。本文运用协整理论和自向量回归模型实证研究了外国直接投资与我国城镇贫困之间的关系。结果表明,外国直接投资显著地提高了贫困人口在总人口中的收入份额,因此会产生有利于穷人的经济增长,具有积极的减贫效果。但是外国直接投资同时也加重了贫困人口内部收入的不平等。     

The Moderating Effect of Seasonality on Household Apparel Expenditure

This research explores if and how seasonality moderates the effect of consumer characteristics on household per capita expenditure for apparel. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was based on quarterly micropanel data from the Continuing Consumer Expenditure Survey. The results confirmed that seasonality moderates the relationship between consumer characteristics and per capita apparel expenditure: the income elasticity of apparel expenditure varied by season as did the effects of age, ethnicity, household size, region, and housing tenure.     

基于层次分析法的农户信用评估

科学的农户信用评估是农村信用社防范农户信贷风险的有效手段。为保证农户信用评估的科学性和合理性,设计农户信用评估指标体系,运用层次分析法求取各项评估指标的权重,并根据相关专家的意见确定农户信用评估指标的打分标准,同时考虑各项评估指标的权重,构造出农户信用评估模型。利用该模型科学评估农户信用等级,以提高农村信用社防范农户信贷风险的能力。