The Financial Crisis, Systemic Risk, and the Future of Insurance Regulation

This article considers the role of American International Group (AIG) and the insurance sector in the 2007–2009 financial crisis and the implications for insurance regulation. Following an overview of the causes of the crisis, I explore the events and policies that contributed to federal government intervention to prevent bankruptcy of AIG and the scope of federal assistance to AIG. I discuss the extent to which insurance in general poses systemic risk and whether a systemic risk regulator is desirable for insurers or other nonbank financial institutions. The last two sections of the article address the financial crisis's implications for proposed optional and/or mandatory federal chartering and regulation of insurers and for insurance regulation in general.     

Analysis of Systemic Risk in the Insurance Industry

In this paper, we discuss the systemic relevance of the insurance sector. Systemic risk is defined as the propensity of a financial institution to be undercapitalised when the financial system as a whole is undercapitalised. By the law of large numbers, traditional lines of insurance with idiosyncratic non-catastrophic risks cannot be systemic. On the contrary, undiversified insurers specialised in activities whose insured risks are highly correlated with GDP are systemic. In the life insurance sector, some contractual clauses such as unhedged minimum guarantees and free options to surrender raise the chance of systemic relevance. On the contrary, life insurers satisfying the classic solvency capital requirements contribute to the liquidity of financial markets thanks to the long-termist approach of their portfolio management. Finally, using historical data in the U.S. on the contribution of different sectors to the aggregate volatility of the economy, we show that investment banking is almost twice as volatile as aggregate GDP, while insurance is one fifth as volatile as aggregate GDP. The insurance sector thus appears to be a stabilising force of the economy.     

关联度与系统性风险研究——一个文献综述

2008年金融危机爆发后,对系统性风险的认识从"大而不倒"转向到"关联度太广而不能倒"。基于关联度视角研究系统性风险成为金融危机爆发后研究系统性风险的主流方向。本文详细梳理了金融危机前后有关"关联度与系统性风险"之间相关性的文献,总结关联度视角下测度系统性风险的挑战,并为未来的研究指出方向。     

江西省保险业经营风险调查报告

一、江西省保险市场基本情况 近些年,江西保险业得到了迅猛发展,截止2001年底,全省保险机构总资产达45.02亿元,2001年实现总保费33.66亿元,比去年同期增长20.04%,其中:财产险保费11.93亿元,比去年同期增长10.64%,人身险保费21.73亿元,比去年同期增长25.91%,与此同时,通过2001年整顿和规范保险市场秩序的工作,各保险公司普遍提高了依法合规经营的自觉性,风险意识有所增强,管理和服务得到了提升,恶性竞争的现象受到了遏制,全省保险业正在朝着健康快速的方向发展.     

我国养老保险个人账户研究综述

养老保险个人账户缴费制度一直是我国养老保险制度改革的重点,改革虽取得重大成效,但依然存在着诸多问题。本文在个人账户研究理论的基础上,介绍了国内学者在探究做实个人账户、个人账户基金投资管理和保值增值上的研究,以使人们全面了解养老保险个人账户的研究现状,为完善个人账户制度研究打下基础。     

存款保险制度、银行特征与系统性风险

存款保险制度是推进我国金融市场化改革的重要举措,研究其对银行系统性风险的影响,对于进一步完善存款保险制度具有重要意义.本文选取2010—2019年我国上市银行面板数据,运用动态面板模型分析存款保险制度与银行系统性风险的关系,并就银行特征对二者关系的影响进一步展开研究.结果表明,现阶段我国存款保险制度有加剧银行系统性风险的倾向,提高银行杠杆会强化存款保险制度的风险效应,实行高管债权激励机制和扩张银行规模对此风险效应有抑制效果,但这种调节效应对中小银行并不明显.最后针对性地提出应对策略.     

我国系统性金融风险预警与防范研究的回顾与展望

系统性金融风险是金融系统面临的最重要也是最严重的风险之一,对其的预警与防范的研究已经引起各界的广泛关注。从系统性金融风险的含义与特征为切入点,分别以封闭经济环境和开放经济环境两种环境为背景,系统地梳理了产生系统性金融风险的因素,极其影响途径和相应的预警机制;从系统性金融风险的宏观审慎政策等几个方面回顾了系统性金融风险的研究,对当前研究过程中的不足和缺陷进行了评点,并对在未来该领域的研究方向做了展望。     

基于神经科学方法的会计研究:分析与展望

脑神经成像等脑神经测量技术的发展,促使神经科学理论和方法获得前所未有的突破,并对其他学科产生越来越深远的影响。会计研究在引进神经科学理论和方法方面起步相对较晚,但是发展迅速,并产生了一批基于神经科学方法的会计研究成果,受到广泛关注。本文系统回顾了国内外基于神经科学方法的会计研究的理论源泉与研究进展,在此基础上提出基于神经科学方法的会计研究的基本原则与研究策略,并讨论了未来重点研究方向。     

保险业务结构的同质化对财险业系统性风险的影响

本文在保险业务结构的基础上考虑了保险业务的相关性,提出了保险业务结构同质化的概念,并由此建立了保险业务结构与系统性风险的理论模型.理论推导认为,保险业务结构同质化程度较高的保险市场具有较高的系统性风险.进而,以财险业为研究对象,基于实务数据衡量了不同样本年保险业务结构的同质化程度,整体上具有震荡下行的微弱趋势.然后进行...     

实体经济部门杠杆的溢出效应及对系统性金融风险的传导研究

防范系统性金融风险是我国经济工作的重点关注之一。在"结构性去杠杆"的背景下,明晰我国实体经济杠杆率水平和结构现状,探求实体经济部门之间杠杆的溢出效应,挖掘杠杆率对系统性金融风险的传导机制,就显得尤为重要。本文利用主成分分析法对我国系统性金融风险进行测度,随后使用TVP-VAR模型建立实体经济部门杠杆与系统性金融风险之间的关联,进一步研究各部门杠杆间的溢出效应。研究发现,实体经济杠杆上升对于我国系统性金融风险存在正向效应;居民部门、非金融企业部门杠杆的上升不会直接推动系统性金融风险的累积,但会推动实体经济杠杆的上升;政府部门杠杆上升会对非金融企业部门和居民部门产生挤出效应。据此,在对我国实体经济部门去杠杆的进程中,应注重各部门杠杆间的联动反应和其内在的杠杆结构。     

Expert Systems in Insurance: A Review and Analysis

The financial services industry and, in particular, the insurance industry has emerged as an important user of expert systems. In the following review we examine evidence of the spread of such systems in insurance, and focus more particularly upon life insurance, where the greatest amount of progress has been made. We attempt to identify the major trends in this area and examine one of the favoured tasks for the implementation of expert systems, namely underwriting. After assessing the current state of work and level of satisfaction in this area, we finally consider the likely direction of future initiatives.     

Performance Measurement in the Public Sector: A Clarification and Agenda for Research

Despite the growing significance of performance measurement systems, theoretical evidence suggests that unique and complex characteristics in the public sector prevent performance measures being used for internal managerial purposes. A paucity of empirical studies suggests a need to shift the research agenda to interpretive methods to understand how the measures are used in a public-sector entity. A field study approach employing grounded theory is advocated to connect what is happening in practice with scholarly work.     

Credit Risk Research: Review and Agenda

This article provides a comprehensive review of scholarly research on credit risk measurement during the last 57 years applying bibliometric citation analysis and elaborates an agenda for future research. The bibliography is compiled using the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science (WOS) database and includes all articles with citations over the period 1960–2016. Specifically, the review is carried out using 1695 articles across 72 countries published in 442 journals by 2928 authors. The findings suggest that credit risk research is multifaceted and can be classified into six streams: (1) defaultable security pricing, (2) default intensity modeling, (3) comparative analysis of credit models, (4) comparative analysis of credit markets, (5) credit default swap (CDS) pricing, and (6) loan loss provisions. The article contributes through synthesizing and identifying existing as well as emerging research streams.     

长寿保险市场现状及展望

全球范围的人口老龄化和养老金政策改革已将长寿风险越来越多地推向个人,目前低迷的商业长寿保险市场很难与之相适应。研究并发现"长寿保险产品市场需求的政府诱导系数"的价值在于使大量有关长寿的商业决策更具效率,也会对学术研究提供有用的数据。繁荣且有效的市场需要政府、机构、企业和个人的积极参与和相互推进,共同努力来分摊巨大的长寿风险敞口,建立一个公平、可持续保障性的长寿保险市场,以形成良性循环。