会计-税收差异对盈余持续性的影响研究

从会计-税收差异的角度,研究了盈余及其组成部分的持续性和市场计价.详细阐述了应计会计、盈余管理和税收庇护的基本定义及其相互关系,从盈余持续性的界定和分析框架、会计-税收差异对盈余持续性的影响两个方面重点阐述了会计-税收差异和盈余持续性,同时还分析了盈余持续性与股票计价,为进一步研究会计-税收差异影响盈余持续性提供了理论基础.     

会计-税收差异对盈余持续性的影响研究

从会计-税收差异的角度，研究了盈余及其组成部分的持续性和市场计价。详细阐述了应计会计、盈余管理和税收庇护的基本定义及其相互关系，从盈余持续性的界定和分析框架、会计-税收差异对盈余持续性的影响两个方面重点阐述了会计-税收差异和盈余持续性，同时还分析了盈余持续性与股票计价，为进一步研究会计-税收差异影响盈余持续性提供了理论基础。     

关于税项审计的十个问题

一、企业所得税审计1.会计与税收计量确认的差异。会计与税收计量确认的差异最终都体现为会计利润与应纳税所得额之间的差异。注册会计师在所得税审计过程中应注意以下问题:(1)在我们国家,会计报表审计和所得税代理分离的现象十分普遍。诸如A会计师事务所做审计,B会计师事务所做税务代理的案例不在少数。在会计与税收计量和确认差异日益增大的情况下,离开会计报表审计的所得税代理很难想象会是个怎么样子。(2)会计标准变动的速度远远比税收规范的出台要快。会计标准变了,税收标准没有变,对这种由于标准的滞后性和不配套性引起的问题,注册会…     

会计-税收差异、未来盈余增长与投资者认知偏差——基于我国上市公司的经验证据

基于会计制度和税收法规两套体系而产生的会计-税收差异普遍存在且不可消除,本文以2008-2012年我国A股上市公司为研究样本,首先研究了会计-税收差异、暂时性会计-税收差异及永久性会计-税收差异与公司未来盈余增长的关系,再采用Fama-Mac Beth回归等方法观察投资者对会计-税收差异的反应,最后构建投资组合,运用长窗口事件研究法,计算购买并持有超额收益,观察投资者能否利用会计-税收差异所蕴含的信息获得超额收益。研究结果表明会计-税收差异、暂时性会计-税收差异与公司未来盈余增长显著相关,本文构建的投资组合能获得显著超额收益,市场对会计-税收差异信息存在误定价,这种投资者认知偏差是资本市场存在的一个"市场异象"。     

关于会计利润与应税利润差异的探讨

在税收征管工作中,我们发现,由于会计和税收在核算目的、核算口径、计量方法和时间上都有较大区别,从而使得同一企业在同一时期按会计方法计算的税前会计利润与按税法规定计算的应税利润之间存在差异,这种差异的调整成为所得税汇算清缴工作的重要一环。本文拟对这种差异的原因、性质、内容及会计处理方法进行探讨,以便为所得税汇算清缴提供有益的参考。     

会计利润与应税利润差异的会计处理

由于会计和税收属于经济领域中两个不同的分支,它们在核算目的、核算口径、计量方法和时间上都有较大区别,从而使得同一企业在同一时期按会计方法计算的税前会计利润与按税法规定计算的应税利润之间存在差异。本文拟对这种差异的原因、性质、内容及会计处理方法进行探讨。     

新会计准则对税会差异的影响分析

税收与会计的差异是必然存在的,本文分析新准则出台后,差异内容的表现形式以及会计对其确认、计量与披露的变化。     

新会计准则对税会差异的影响分析

税收与会计的差异是必然存在的,本文分析新准则出台后,差异内容的表现形式以及会计对其确认、计量与披露的变化.     

基于新企业所得税与新会计准则对固定资产处理的对比分析探讨

从国家出台税法开始,税收就必须一直依赖着会计所提供的资料,但是两者所服务的对象不同,税法在计量的属性、计量的方法、确认固定资产等方面所呈现出的方面和会计有着相同之处,二者在初始的计量、后续的计量等有关具体的操作方面又存在着很大的差异。因此,我们就以新出台的《企业所得税法》和新会计准则对于在处理固定资产的规定进行探析。     

会计—税收差异能够影响审计收费吗?——基于盈余管理与税收规避的视角

会计—税收差异是一个蕴含丰富信息的财务指标,在一定程度上体现了企业盈余管理和税收规避风险。以2010—2012年度中国A股非金融类上市公司为研究样本进行研究发现,审计费用与会计—税收差异呈正相关关系;进一步研究发现,审计费用与小额会计—税收差异的关系变得不显著,审计费用与大额会计—税收差异仍呈显著的正相关关系;同时,大额正向与大额负向会计—税收差异均表现出更高的审计风险,这说明审计师在制定收费政策时考虑了会计—税收差异信息。最后,为了解释这种相关性产生的原因,发现相对于企业税收规避,审计师更加关注会计—税收差异包含的盈余管理信息。     

盈余管理与所得税支付：基于会计利润与应税所得之间差异的研究

公司在进行盈余管理时,往往面临着财务报告成本与税务成本的权衡。为了摆脱该困境,公司有动机通过操纵非应税项目损益,以规避盈余管理的所得税成本。本文通过考察会计利润与应税所得差异(Book-Tax Differences)和盈余管理之间的关系,证实了该假设。我们的研究表明,上市公司盈余管理幅度越大,则会计利润与应税所得差异(本文定义为非应税项目损益)也越高,即上市公司通过操纵非应税项目损益,以规避盈余管理的税负成本。我们的研究进一步发现,上市公司通过非应税项目损益规避盈余管理税负成本的行为主要发生在高税率组别,而享受所得税优惠的公司则没有呈现出该特征。另外,我们的研究还发现,上市公司主要通过操纵长期应计项目规避所得税负。但我们的研究也表明,上市公司通过非应税项目损益规避的盈余管理税负成本较为有限,平均每1元操纵利润中,只有1．8分的操纵利润可以规避所得税成本,这或许表明进行盈余管理的公司为了避免引起资本市场或税务当局的怀疑,而为其大部分利润操纵支付了所得税成本。此外,本文研究还发现,高税率公司存在强烈的通过非应税掼益项目规避所得税的动机。我们的样本公司中,平均而言,所得税税率每增加1个百分点,操纵非应税项目损益占资产的比例将增加0．029％;适用33％税率的公司与适用15％优惠税率的公司相比,为此所规避的所得税成本平均高达330万元。     

The effectiveness and valuation of political tax minimization

We find evidence suggesting that corporate lobbying for tax purposes over the period 1999–2009 is one method by which firms managed corporate taxes. Furthermore, tax management strategies employed by these politically active firms were valued by shareholders. Firms lobbying on tax issues have lower book effective taxes and greater discretionary permanent differences in GAAP and IRS taxable income. Investors place a premium on lobbying activities for tax purposes unless the firm already has a low effective tax rate or very high book-tax differences. We conclude that lobbying political officials is one method by which firms manage risks attendant an aggressive tax strategy.     

Book-Tax Differences and Inland Revenue Audit Adjustments in New Zealand

Abstract:  Using confidential data from US manufacturing firms' tax returns and Inland Revenue Service (IRS) audit adjustments, Mills (1998) tests, and finds support for, her hypothesis that IRS audit adjustments increase as the book-tax differences increase. We test Mills' hypothesis using confidential data obtained from the New Zealand Inland Revenue (hereafter Inland Revenue). Confidential data provide the key variable of interest, Inland Revenue's proposed audit adjustment, which is not available from public sources. These data provide the exact audit adjustment amounts, eliminating measurement errors inherent in proxy variables, and enable a temporal alignment of the book-tax differences with the Inland Revenue audit adjustments, thereby enhancing the internal validity of the relation between book-tax differences and Inland Revenue audit adjustments. Because the results of our study using New Zealand data, another time period, a more diverse set of firms, and a different institutional environment are consistent with those of Mills, we argue for the generalizability of Mills' hypothesis that proposed audit adjustments are positively related to the excess of book income over taxable income.     

税务会计模式的国际比较

税款的会计处理不是税务会计。根据不同的标准,世界各国的会计模式可以有不同的分类。而根据税法对会计的导向作用不同,税务会计的模式可分为统一模式和独立模式。我国税制改革与会计改革的不断推进,使两者的目标和原则出现差异,建立适合我国国情的税务会计理论体系,已经成为现代税收制度(特别是企业所得税)应对差异、不断发展与完善的必然选择。     

Effects of auditor-provided tax services on book-tax differences and on investors' mispricing of book-tax differences

Over the last decade, the joint provision of audit and non-audit services has been criticized for compromising auditor independence and affecting audit quality. Since 2005, the SEC has enacted rules restricting the types of non-audit services audit firms can provide clients. While most non-audit services are prohibited, a range of tax services are still allowed. Therefore, if compromises can emerge from allowing non-audit services, permitting tax services could be problematic. This study investigates the effect of auditor-provided tax services (ATS) on firms' levels of book-tax differences and on investors' mispricing of book-tax differences. Using a propensity-score matched sample from 2000 to 2013, I find strong evidence that firms acquiring ATS exhibit a low level of temporary book-tax differences, which in turn mitigate investors' levels of firms' mispricing. These results do not support regulators' claim that the provision of ATS compromises auditor independence. Instead, it suggests that purchasing ATS can improve overall accounting quality through knowledge spillover and thus help investors better price the value of firms.     

A review of tax avoidance in China

This paper synthesizes the major empirical findings of the burgeoning tax avoidance research in China from the accounting, finance, and economics literature over the last 13 years. It surveys the evidence in four main areas: (1) the mechanisms through which Chinese firms avoid income taxes; (2) the effects of government ownership and agency problem on tax avoidance; (3) tax avoidance and political connections; and (4) the roles of book-tax conformity, tax enforcement, and corporate governance. It also discusses the appropriateness of tax avoidance measures in the Chinese setting. Finally, it proposes important directions for future research.     

Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives

This paper analyzes the links between corporate tax avoidance and the growth of high-powered incentives for managers. A simple model demonstrates the role of feedback effects between tax sheltering and managerial diversion in determining how high-powered incentives influence tax sheltering decisions. A novel measure of corporate tax avoidance (the component of the book-tax gap not attributable to accounting accruals) allows for an investigation of the link between tax avoidance and incentive compensation. Increases in incentive compensation tend to reduce the level of tax sheltering, in a manner consistent with a complementary relationship between diversion and sheltering. In addition, this negative effect is driven primarily by firms with relatively weak governance arrangements, confirming a central prediction of the model. These results can help explain the growing cross-sectional variation among firms in their levels of tax avoidance, the undersheltering puzzle, and why large book-tax gaps are associated with subsequent negative abnormal returns.     

Regal Hair Salon: Tax and financial reporting of gift cards

Regal Hair Salons Inc., an owner and operator of hair salons across the United States, has enhanced its brand recognition through gift cards and promotions. Using authoritative tax literature, you have to determine the amount and timing of its federal income tax liability for the gift cards of other retailers that Regal has sold, gift cards for its own products and services, and the gift cards that it has issued during a special promotion. You also have an opportunity to determine whether Regal’s financial reporting policies with respect to gift cards are consistent with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAPs), using FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Finally, based on your review of book-tax differences, you are to determine the appropriate current and deferred tax provision. The case provides an opportunity to examine several issues in a real-world setting, strengthen your tax and accounting research capabilities, and develop your critical thinking skills.     

Are Multinational Corporate Tax Rules as Important as Tax Rates?

Previous research has documented the influence of statutory tax rates on international firms' effective tax rates, or ETRs. We add to this body of research by examining common factors of the income tax base, which affects ETRs. Specifically, this study examines the determinants of effective tax rates for publicly traded companies based in European Union (EU) countries. The time period examined is after 2004, when all EU firms were required to use standardized accounting principles under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We find that, across EU countries, such factors are relatively consistent with factors found in studies of U.S. companies' effective tax rates, which include inventory, leverage, depreciation tax shield, and R&D intensity. We also find that the presence of country book-tax conformity rules increases effective rates. Importantly, our finding that such tax base (or rule) effects are at least as important as rate effects adds to the international debate about uneven tax structures around the globe.     

The effect of consistency in book-tax differences on analysts’ earnings forecasts: Evidence from forecast accuracy and informativeness

This study examines the relationship between the consistency of book-tax differences and the quality of analysts’ earnings forecasts. We find that the consistency of book-tax differences is associated with more accurate and informative forecasts. This suggests that the information embedded in the consistency of book-tax differences plays an important role in elevating the quality of analysts’ forecasts. Furthermore, the effect of consistency in book-tax differences on analyst forecast quality is greater for firms with noisier information environment. Finally, we find that the relation between consistency in book-tax differences and improvements in forecast accuracy and informativeness is stronger after the implementation of Regulation Fair Disclosure, which increased the role of public information in analysts’ forecasts.