阶段转换是中国当前经济最重要特征

正经济的发展是存在阶段性的,不同的阶段有不同的特点并需要采取不同的管理体制。正如人的生长发育一般,既存在快速长身体的青少年时期,也存在身体不再长高、人生阅历开始积累的中青年时期。国际上追赶型国家往往经历低收入陷阱、工业化快速增长、中等收入陷阱、后工业化发展、高收入陷阱等阶段。我国的经济发展正处于从中青年的"外向型"增长时期向中青年"内涵型"增长时期的转变,正经历着从工业化高速增长向后工业化中速增长的过渡阶段,需要渡过"中等收入陷阱"。不论是"低收入陷阱"、"中等收入陷阱"还是"高收入陷阱",都是经济增长、社会运行的系统切换,是质变。     

经济增长方式转变的必要性·可能性

所谓经济增长方式转变,是指从粗放型经济向集约型经济的转变。粗放型与集约型都是经济增长的方式。粗放型方式依靠生产要素的数量扩张实现经济增长,集约型方式依靠生产要素的合理构成和使用效率实现经济增长。旧中国经济基础十分薄弱,许多重要工业部门处于空白状态,建国初期我们采取的优先发展重工业、高积累、高速度的粗放型增长方式,对改变当时极落后的生产力状况,快速增强国家实力、缓解供给严重不足、迅速提高人民生     

国家创新能力视角下的中等收入转型 ——基于新结构经济学理论

本文基于新结构经济学,采用1975—1995年48个经济体专利引用数据,构建国家创新能力指标,使用面板门槛模型,考察国家创新能力对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明,国家创新能力对经济增长的影响存在显著的门槛效应,其依赖于经济体所处的收入阶段和要素禀赋结构。从收入阶段来看,国家创新能力有助于促进中上等和高收入经济体的经济增长;从国家创新能力不同维度来看,专利数量和质量均有利于促进经济增长,但专利集中度、技术周期、知识传播度、自主创新度对中等收入内部不同阶段经济体的作用不同。研究结论从经验上支持了新结构经济学最优创新结构理论,且为中等收入经济体实施创新驱动战略提供了理论支撑。     

转变发展方式 推行全面改革

政府官员、产业界和学术界有一个共识，即“十二五”规划标志着中国经济发展新的历史起点。但是，对于什么是中国面临的经济新格局，大家却有不同的理解。有的研究者认为，新格局是指中国从一个低中等收入国家，快速提升到中等收入国家，甚至高中等收入国家。还有人士认为，新格局的特点就是中国将要在国际舞台上扮演重要的角色，甚至是决定性角色。还有一种说法，新格局的特点是中国经济结构将要朝着“以人为本”的方向快速调整，或者认为新格局的特点是从非均衡发展向均衡发展转变，等等。     

我国中等收入居民投资理财问题探析

中国的经济发展正进入经济体制转变和经济增长方式转变的关键时期。居民投资,特别是中等收入居民投资对我国经济增长的推动作用日益扩大。文章从中等收入居民的概念和特点入手,阐述了近年来中等收入居民投资的主要关切点,提出了中等收入居民投资过程中的问题,并进一步探讨了应该如何促进中等收入居民投资的合理性发展。     

下一个十年的经济走势和转型发展

正党的十八大召开,标志着中国经济发展进入新的十年。今后十年,中国仍处在重要战略机遇期,但随着外部环境和内在条件的变化,面临的挑战和风险明显增多。在经历了30多年经济高速增长、人均国民收入进入中等偏上收入阶段后,原有的增长动力开始减弱,支撑高速增长的一些有利条件逐步消失,潜在增长水平趋于下降,经济增长发生阶段性变化。中国能否培育经济增长新动力,保持经济持续健康发展,实现全面建成小康社会的既定发展目标,由中等收入国家进入高收入国家行列,由经济大国迈向经济强国,在很大程度上取决于能否成功地实现经济转型。     

中国能否跨越“中等收入陷阱”的现实探讨

中国已进入中等收入国家行列,这个阶段是能否完成产业升级步入高收入国家的敏感阶段,即＂中等收入陷阱＂阶段,如何跳出＂中等收入＂的陷阱,进入发达国家至关重要。中国可能掉入＂中等收入陷阱＂的因素有来自经济、政治、社会和国际等方面,因此,要有针对性地提出中国摆脱＂中等收入陷阱＂获得长期发展的对策。     

国内外典型区域发展模式的实践与启示

经过30多年的高速增长,中国经济发展已经进入中等收入国家行列.在新发展阶段,如何调整现有的粗放型发展模式,保证中国经济的可持续发展,促使中国由中等收入国家转变为发达国家,避免落入中等国家陷阱意义重大.基于此,文章在重新考察比较东亚—拉美模式和苏南—温州—珠江模式等典型国内外区域发展模式的基础上,总结提炼了几点关于在新的历史阶段创新中国现有区域发展模式的政策启示,即,经济增长须内需与外需均衡拉动,利用外资的同时应注意资本的内化,经济发展的同时要注意社会公平,政府与市场的作用要动态调整和有效结合,产业调整应本土化、专业化、多元化、国际化,充分发挥比较优势,推动转型升级.     

公共服务供给侧改革、人力资本与中等收入陷阱跨越

中等收入陷阱一直是国内国外研究的重点问题。目前中国也到了从低中等收入国家转变为上中等收入国家的关键时期,出现了收入分配不合理、贫富差距悬殊、经济增长缓慢等一系列问题,如何成功跨越中等收入陷阱成为重中之重。中等收入陷阱的成因有很多,但其根源是人力资本的匮乏,而要提高人力资本存量就要通过公共服务供给侧改革来实现。     

中外经济增长方式的比较分析及政策取向

党的十四届五中全会通过的《建议》指出。实现“九五”计划和2010年远景目标,关键是实行两个具有全局意义的根本性转变。其中之一就是转变经济增长方式。现在我国经济发展进入了一个新的历史阶段,在由粗放型向集约型转变时期,对中外经济增长方式加以国际比较与实证分析,不仅使我们从质量上区别其不同,而且从数量上把握差距,为国家制定转变经济增长方式的目标、重点、政策取向等方面提供参考依据。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。