城乡统筹发展中农地资本化途径与保障制度探析

农地资本化是农地产权的资本化。农地资本化以优化农地资源配置,促进城乡统筹发展为目的;以坚持农地集体所有,严格土地用途,用活使用权为原则。目前,农地使用权资本化途径较多,实际还应推进集体建设用地非农资本化经营和农地承包经营权退出补偿制度;而农地所有权资本化途径主要体现为农地征收、征购、平等交易等。农地资本化要顺利健康推进,促进城乡统筹深入全面发展,还须在农地产权制度、农地市场、技术与人才、社保体系等方面构建起保障制度体系。     

农村土地使用权资本化的可行性分析及政策建议

农地资本化是市场经济条件下土地要素流转机制创新及其效率增进的客观要求,现行的农地制度面临着市场、服务中介、技术和管理等诸多障碍。要完善农地产权制度,使土地要素逐步市场化、资本化,是一项长期的渐进改革过程。文章从农地使用权资本化运作的经济学原理阐释其现实意义,从而提出相应政策建议。     

农地资本化流转与农业投入研究

现代农业发展的制约瓶颈在于现有分散的、以家庭为主的农地经营模式以及与之匹配的、以农户为主且结构单一的农业生产投入机制不能适应现代农业规模化、集约化发展要求。坚持家庭承包经营基本制度不变、加速农地资本化流转、促进农地规模经营是实现有中国特色现代农业发展的必由之路。农地经营权资本化流转的最大意义在于以市场机制和农地经营权价值形式实现了农地流转主体之间的利益联结,提高农地经营主体收益预期,激励和吸纳工商资本参与农业生产经营,全面建构城市带动农村、工业反哺农业且能适应现代农业发展需要的多元投资机制,从根本上解决现代农业发展投入不足问题。     

农地流转中地方政府缺位和越位问题研究

农地流转是一项复杂的工作,我国地方政府在推进农地流转过程中存在越位和缺位问题,原因在于我国农地产权主体模糊、地方政府过度的财政倾向、法律法规缺失等方面。作为国家代理人的地方各级政府,应转变职能,构建稳定的农地流转制度环境;履行公共服务职责;提供政策和法律服务,从而建立完善稳定的农地流转市场。     

国外农村土地流转的经验与借鉴

国外在推进农地流转过程中,注重农地流转与土地规模经营的关系,充分发挥政府在农地流转中的引导作用,农地流转形式也多样化,农地流转法律体系也比较健全。我国农地流转与规模经营需因地制宜,分类指导;现阶段应加大政府推动和引导的力度;建立和完善多种流转方式;完善农地流转的法律体系。     

农地流转市场化理论与实践问题争论的辨析

农地流转市场化的理论与实践问题争论是当前影响农地流转市场化政策准确定位的关键。本着"农民本位"、"效率优先"、"注重公平"的市场正义对其进行辨析,该文断定:农地流转市场化前提是清晰产权或稳定承包权,而非经常性或定期性调整;农地流转市场发展呈现从"有市无场"向"有市有场"渐进转变;"离土不离权"还是"离土又离权"取决于农民自愿与机会成本高低;健全与完善农保,增加补贴,削弱农地保障功能,杜绝以农地换取保障的做法;把握规模"大"与"小"的辩证法,让农民有能力和敢于自觉流转,实现农地适宜经营规模。     

从“偏离”到“回归”：利益相关者视角下农地流转定价机制构建

科学的流转价格有利于促进农地流转市场健康稳定发展。在利益相关者理论分析框架之下，对农地流转价格偏离的内在机理进行了理论阐释，对农地流转定价的现实困境进行了深度剖析。研究发现：从利益相关主体看，农户分化导致了农地流转要价差异，转入主体差异引致了流转价格差异，政府干预诱发了流转价格高位失灵，中介组织实现了流转价格市场化；而理论指导缺乏、评估市场不完善以及定价方式不科学等问题造成了农地流转定价的现实困境。在此基础上构建了农地流转定价机制：遵循以“市场定价为主、政府引导为辅”的原则，建立农地流转信息公开机制，加强事前事后流转价格监管，完善评估机制和价格调整机制。     

供求理论视角下农地流转的金融支持问题探析——以福建省为例

农地流转刺激了对金融的需求,为农村金融业提供巨大的市场,而现有的金融供给和支持力度无法满足农村金融需求产生了农地流转金融供求数量和结构性失衡。建议从以下方入手以化解农村金融贷款风险：完善农村金融制度,加强农地流转的金融政策扶持;完善抵押担保和农村社会保障体系,为农地金融制度奠定基础;改进农地金融服务,创新农地金融产品;健全农地金融的配套制度。     

基于农地转入方视角的农地流转风险识别及评价分析——以上海为例

立足农地转入方的角度,通过文献梳理和实地访谈,利用流程图法识别出农地转入方面临的风险主要有:市场风险、流转期限风险、政策风险、技术设备风险、自然风险等。在此基础上,以上海市为例,运用AHP-模糊综合评价法对上海市农地转入方的风险情况进行评价,结果表明:上海市农地转入方风险评价得分为73.756 5,风险等级在一般和较高之间,需引起高度重视。最后,文章构建出包括政府、市场、农户个体的风险规避机制,期望能帮助农地转入方在规模经营过程中有效规避风险。     

城镇化背景下农村土地流转问题探究——以广西武鸣区为例

农村土地流转中农地流转意愿低下,产权不清晰,流转市场不规范,流转法律法规不健全,农村社会保障体系落后等这些问题损害了农民在土地流转过程中的权益,制约了我国农村土地健康有序的流转.应加强农村土地产权确认,保障农民合法权益;建立健全农村土地流转市场,降低农地交易成本;完善农村社会保障体系,弱化农地保障功能;加大对农业的财政补贴,降低农业生产成本;健全农地流转法规政策,保证农地流转有法可依.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。