Managing in an age of modularity

Modularity is a familiar principle in the computer industry. Different companies can independently design and produce components, suck as disk drives or operating software, and those modules will fit together into a complex and smoothly functioning product because the module makers obey a given set of design rules. Modularity in manufacturing is already common in many companies. But now a number of them are beginning to extend the approach into the design of their products and services. Modularity in design should tremendously boost the rate of innovation in many industries as it did in the computer industry. As businesses as diverse as auto manufacturing and financial services move toward modular designs, the authors say, competitive dynamics will change enormously. No longer will assemblers control the final product: suppliers of key modules will gain leverage and even take on responsibility for design rules. Companies will compete either by specifying the dominant design rules (as Microsoft does) or by producing excellent modules (as disk drive maker Quantum does). Leaders in a modular industry will control less, so they will have to watch the competitive environment closely for opportunities to link up with other module makers. They will also need to know more: engineering details that seemed trivial at the corporate level may now play a large part in strategic decisions. Leaders will also become knowledge managers internally because they will need to coordinate the efforts of development groups in order to keep them focused on the modular strategies the company is pursuing.     

商业银行筹资成本和筹资策略探析

筹资成本构成对银行筹资策略选择具有影响。除了传统的筹资利息成本和非利息成本之外,还存在看筹资的流动性成本和利率风险成本。分析各类筹资成本的可控性和可核算性,提出银行筹资策略选择准则和成本控制的重点;分析客观存在的同业间筹资成本构成的差异和与债权人的利益差异,提出旨在主动利用这些差异的筹资策略。     

Sub-sovereign bond buyback: a way forward for debt-laden regions in austerity

ABSTRACT

Previous academic literature has criticised bond buyback as a ‘”boondoggle” benefiting a country’s creditors’—meaning that buybacks are a wasteful use of public money. This paper challenges the narrow financial–economic perspective behind that statement by adopting a broader socio-political framework that includes the potential benefits of buyback for citizens, not just financial market costs. In particular, buyback does not necessarily require a budget surplus via higher local taxes and/or increased austerity measures.     

应急资金保障体系“四手联弹”

财政资金、保险资金、银行信贷资金和捐赠资金,四类资金只要配置得当、协调合理,它们就可以在灾害管理的资金保障体系中分别承担不同的作用,搭建起相互协调、支持配合的应急管理资金保障体系,获得相得益彰的整体优化结果。     

农村养老保险基金筹集模式的对比和建议

我国的农村养老保险制度是在1992年,由民政部在总结试点经验的基础上制定了《县级农村社会养老保险基本方案(试行)》。该方案的主要做法是:以个人缴费为主,集体补助为辅,国家政策扶持;采取个人账户基金储备积累的保险模式,个人缴费和集体补助全部记在个人名下。然而,从个人账户基金积累制模式多年来的实行效果来看,由于以农民个人缴费为主,政     

世行贷款新政策

2001～2003年世行贷款新政策: 世行总的政策仍然是减少贫困,开发人力资源,促进可持续发展.除了对项目继续提供贷款以外,世行更加重视运用世界各国的成功经验,为借款国提供管理、机构和体制改革,政策调整等方面的帮助和建议,如加强公共部门管理和责任,包括宏观经济管理和财政货币政策;推动向市场经济转轨,建立法律和监管框架,促进金融体制改革,国企改革和私营部门发展,人力资源投资;促进农村发展,提高农业生产力和农民收入水平,开放和管理水资源,改善自然资源管理和环境保护;促进城市发展,推进住房、土地和劳动力市场改革等.     

打造境内外币资金池

境内外币资金池管理模式,不仅令对外企业降低融资成本、减少汇率风险,同时增强了集团总部对成员公司的财务管理和金融支持,提高了集团资金的流动性,实现了集团金融资源的全球产业共享。     

批发性融资对我国商业银行风险承担的影响研究

近年来,随着我国金融脱媒的加速发展,商业银行融资模式发生了较为明显的变化,零售存款融资在总融资中的比重下降,批发性融资的比重开始上升。本文使用了我国16家上市银行在2010年四季度至2016年三季度期间的财务数据,采用动态面板模型,检验批发性融资对我国商业银行风险承担的影响。实证结果表明:现阶段批发性融资的发展会降低我国商业银行的风险承担。因此,我国商业银行应有度、有节地发展批发性融资,拓宽资金来源渠道,改善负债结构;而监管当局应该认识到批发性融资的风险隐患,加强宏观审慎监管等相关改革。     

The cost of elections: the effects of public sector austerity on electoral integrity and voter engagement

Concerns have been raised that insufficient funding has been affecting the delivery of elections in many countries. This paper presents a case study of England and Wales from 2010–2016. It demonstrates that many local authorities saw major real terms cuts and were increasingly over-budget. Those subject to cuts were less likely to undertake public engagement activities. State efforts to encourage voter participation may therefore be a casualty of austerity.     

论我国证券基金制度的异化倾向

近年来,我国证券基金发展势头迅猛,但尚缺乏能确保其可持续发展的制度支撑。应防止以下四个异化倾向:基金作为信用工具之一,信用制度是其基础,应防止冒进倾向;与其他经济制度一样,利益制度是核心,应防止失衡倾向;证券投资是其主要业务,运作制度是重点,应防止风险倾向;基金自身与证券市场的发展离不开有效监管,制度是保障,应防止虚位倾向。     

保增长目标下地方筹资机制的探讨

在金融危机的背景下,我国政府及时出台了总额4万亿元的经济刺激计划,以期实现“保增长、扩内需、调结构”的战略目标。关于在此保增长的“一揽子计划”中,如何解决资金来源问题倍受关注,国家发改委于2009年5月下旬正式作出了详细的解释。本文从地方筹资角度探讨了保增长目标下筹资的渠道和方式,并分别就制约机制和激励机制提出了一系列可行的措施。     

易县扶贫社的信贷目标调整

河北省保定市易县是著名的革命老区,总面积2534平方公里,辖8个镇、18个乡、1个民族乡。易县总人口55.5万人,农村劳动力从业人员25.69万人,农民人均纯收入2846元。2003年至2009年,易县扶贫社在不可吸储、无资金援助情况下,年收入从82.64万元增加到256.74万元,增长210%;年放贷量从800万元     

从制度经济学角度分析非法集资产生的原因

非法集资在中国已经有数十年的历史,尽管公安部门、金融监管部门以及工商行政管理部门曾多次联手打击,却仍屡禁不止。本文试图从信息经济学角度分析其产生的原因,提出预防、惩治非法集资的对策建议。     

Funding a PAYG pension system: the case of Italy

Italy is characterised by a mature pay‐as‐you‐go social security system and by particularly adverse population projections. Given these trends, the social security contribution rate is expected to increase above its current high level. This hinders the development of employer‐provided pension funds and introduces a significant wedge between labour cost and earnings that discourages both labour demand and labour supply. Any proposal to reduce payroll taxes and to reform the system in the direction of partial funding has to cope with the state of Italian public finances. Italy has to comply with the Stability and Growth Pact that imposes constraints on budget deficit and debt trends. Using micro data from the Bank of Italy's Survey of Household Income and Wealth and official population projections, we estimate future employment trends under different demographic and macroeconomic scenarios and compute the cost of the transition. We show that it would be substantially reduced if positive effects on employment were induced by the payroll tax reduction.     

我国商业银行资本现状及融资途径研究

本文分析了我国银行业资本现状及特点,以及商业银行资本约束及管理中存在的问题,提出了优化商业银行股权结构、调整商业银行资产结构、构建资本管理体系等战略转型对策建议。     

Lean in a cold fiscal climate: the public sector in an age of reduced resources

Reflecting on recent public sector reform, this paper examines the use of Lean during a period of financial austerity. The paper outlines several challenges for public sector organizations as they manage performance targets, and engage in service re-design. The author challenges the current use of Lean working arguing for a re-evaluation of the traditional public sector model of work and for a collective approach to co-production of service redesign.     

利率市场化与企业间接融资问题浅论

利率市场化与经济增长存在正相关关系。利率管制一方面加大了银行风险,另一方面也越来越不能给国有企业提供资本补贴。利率市场化后,企业融资成本将会有所增加。对此,国有企业将会有一个痛苦的适应阶段,政府在这个阶段应起何种作用?如何解决中小企业的融资问题?在《利率市场化与企业间接融资问题浅论》一文中,顾乃华同志进行了一番探讨,不妨一读。