商业信用影响企业避税行为吗

文章选取2007—2020年沪深A股非金融行业上市公司数据,实证检验了商业信用对企业避税行为的影响。结果表明,企业商业信用融资越多,避税程度越低;商业信用供给越多,避税程度越高。这一结论在通过替换变量、工具变量检验以及Heckman检验后依然成立。并且通过进一步检验发现,在融资约束严重的企业内,商业信用融资削弱企业避税的作用相对较弱,而商业信用供给加剧企业避税的作用则相对较强;在市场监督严格的环境内,商业信用融资削弱企业避税与商业信用供给加剧企业避税的作用均相对较弱。研究结论解释了商业信用与企业避税间的内在联系及影响机制,为企业合理使用商业信用工具与税务部门强化企业避税监管提供参考。     

国有企业混合所有制改革与商业信用融资

商业信用融资属于替代性融资渠道,基于混合所有制改革的背景,考察了股权多样性和股权融合度对于商业信用融资的影响。以2014-2018年国有上市公司为研究样本,从替代效应的需求和供给角度分析了混改对于商业信用融资的影响,得到以下结论:国企股权多样性和融合度对于商业信用融资的影响存在差异,股权多样性对于商业信用融资无显著影响,股权融合度与商业信用融资水平呈正相关。进一步研究影响机制,从商业信用需求来看,混改会降低国企的银行信贷,增加了企业的商业信用需求;从商业信用的供给来看,混改会增加国企的内部控制水平,促进供应商乐于提供更多商业信用。最后,对于国企进行分类拓展研究发现,央企、垄断型企业和所处市场化程度高地区的企业,混改对于商业信用融资的促进水平更明显。研究结论表明,混合所有制改革需要从"量变"向"质变"进行深化,进而增强商业信用的融资作用。     

行业特征、负债来源与 企业投资支出关系研究——以批发零售和机械、设备、仪表制造业为例

本文以我国批发零售业和机械、设备、仪表制造业上市公司为研究对象,考察负债及负债来源对企业投资支出的影响。实证结果表明,两个行业都不存在过度投资行为,但负债比例越高,企业投资支出越少,负债对企业投资支出的抑制作用明显;债务来源方面,机械、设备、仪表制造业商业信用对投资支出的抑制作用强于银行借款;批发零售业银行借款对投资支出的抑制作用强于商业信用。     

高端装备制造业转型升级驱动因素分析

文章基于107家高端装备制造企业的面板数据,从财务竞争力的视角对中国高端装备制造业及其细分行业转型升级的驱动因素进行了研究,得出营销能力、管理能力、资金能力和发展能力对高端装备制造企业的转型升级影响显著,其中营销能力的影响最大;不同行业转型升级的影响因素有所不同,其中营销能力和管理能力对很多行业的转型升级都有显著影响等基本结论,提出加强企业营销体系建设、加强与重要客户的合作、加速推进"两化"融合、通过组织变革提高企业的管理能力等政策建议,以期实现推动我国高端装备制造业转型升级的目的 .     

企业规模对我国上市公司商业信用影响的实证检验

根据商业信用产生的相关理论,可以得出企业规模对商业信用存在正相关关系。国内的相关实证研究,得出了两种不同的结论,一种认为企业规模和商业信用之间正相关,一种认为企业规模对商业信用无显著影响。通过建立主要受企业规模影响的上市公司的商业信用的样本,运用独立样本的均值的T检验,文章证实我国上市公司的企业规模对商业信用无显著影响。     

高管权力与商业信用

对于中国这一权力文化色彩较浓的新兴市场国家而言,研究高管权力具有重要的理论意义和现实意义.商业信用已经成为我国企业的重要融资方式.本文主要研究高管权力对商业信用的影响,进一步考察了企业产权性质以及经济周期、企业行业地位和成长性三个宏观、中观、微观因素对高管权力与商业信用关系的影响.采用1999-2012年中国A股非金融行业上市公司作为研究样本,通过一系列的实证检验,本文得到如下研究结论:高管权力的增大会降低企业获取商业信用的规模;企业的国有产权属性能减弱高管权力与商业信用的负向关系;当经济处于下行期时,高管权力与商业信用的负向关系更为显著;企业的市场地位越高、成长性越好,高管权力降低商业信用的程度越小.以上研究结论表明高管权力的增大会导致商业信用减少的恶劣后果,高管权力是影响企业获取商业信用的重要影响因素.本文的研究发现为高管权力的经济后果提供了进一步的经验证据,丰富了高管权力和商业信用融资两方面的理论研究,对抑制高管权力过度膨胀、降低信用风险和促进国民经济稳定发展均具有较强的启示作用.     

中国企业研发国际化影响因素研究

研发国际化是企业提升技术能力的重要途径。为了深入研究企业研发国际化动因,基于中国200家计算机、通信及其它电子设备制造业上市公司的调查数据,运用多元回归分析法,从公司规模、研发能力、盈利水平、产品出口、境外股权以及高管受教育程度等方面,实证研究了我国企业研发国际化影响因素。结果表明,企业规模、研发能力、产品出口、高管受教育程度对企业研发国际化有显著正向影响,境外股权对企业研发国际化无显著影响,盈利水平对企业研发国际化有显著负向影响。该结果对于理解和指导中国企业研发国际化工作具有较高的参考价值。     

中国企业研发国际化影响因素研究——计算机、通信及其它电子设备制造业上市公司实证分析

研发国际化是企业提升技术能力的重要途径。为了深入研究企业研发国际化动因,基于中国200家计算机、通信及其它电子设备制造业上市公司的调查数据,运用多元回归分析法,从公司规模、研发能力、盈利水平、产品出口、境外股权以及高管受教育程度等方面,实证研究了我国企业研发国际化影响因素。结果表明,企业规模、研发能力、产品出口、高管受教育程度对企业研发国际化有显著正向影响,境外股权对企业研发国际化无显著影响,盈利水平对企业研发国际化有显著负向影响。该结果对于理解和指导中国企业研发国际化工作具有较高的参考价值。     

异质机构投资者与企业商业信用融资

深化供给侧改革对促进供给侧高质量发展具有重要意义。采用2007-2019年A股上市公司为研究对象,探究异质机构投资者对商业信用融资的影响,本研究的结果表明：机构投资者持股企业通过提升信息披露质量而提升企业商业信用规模。专注型机构投资者持股对商业信用融资促进作用更显著。使用替换变量、倾向得分匹配法、更换变量衡量方式、滞后一期及工具变量法检验后,结果依然稳健。进一步分析,专注型机构投资者仅对研发强度大的企业商业信用融资的具有促进效用;机构投资者在市场化进程弱、融资约束高的企业发挥更好的治理作用。本文揭示了机构投资者影响企业商业信用融资的黑箱,同时建议资本市场发展持股稳定、持股比例高的专注型机构投资者,提高商业信用融资规模,促进供给侧高质量发展。     

社会信任、家族控制权异质性与商业信用资本配置效率

转轨经济阶段,推动中国经济增长的微观经济主体家族企业如何在面临信贷歧视的背景下实现成长?本文从商业信用视角,提供了推动家族企业成长的微观机制的经验证据。研究发现,家族企业获得的商业信用越强,企业资本配置效率越高。这种效果在社会信任程度较高的地区更为显著。家族控制权异质性特征对商业信用的资本配置效率有着显著的影响,商业信用资本配置效率在家族股东大会层面的超额控制越低、家族董事席位控制程度越高和家族总的控制程度越高的企业效果更为显著,股东大会层面上的两权分离度对商业信用的资本配置效率发挥着控制权私人收益的影响,而董事席位超额控制和家族总的控制发挥着竞争优势的影响。进一步研究发现,商业信用的资本配置效率的微观机理是缓解企业的投资不足,提高投资效率。商业信用通过提供非正式的融资机会帮助正式融资渠道受限制的公司提高资本配置效率。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.