调动农民从事农业生产积极性的六条思路

<正>中国是一个农业大国,11亿多人口,9亿在农村。因此,农民和农村问题始终是中国革命和建设的根本问题。没有农村的稳定和进步,就不可能有整个社会的稳定和进步;没有农民的小康,就不可能有全国人民的小康;没有农业的现代化,就不可能有整个国民经济的现代化。因此,在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中,必须牢固树立农业是国民经济基础的思想,坚持把农业放在首位。 农业生产的主体是农民,离开农民的农业生产积极性,提高农业综合生产能力,保证农业稳定增产只能是一句空话。中国40多年来农业发展的实践反复证明,什么时候真正调动了农民的农业生产积极性,农业生产就能够得到发展;什么时候农民生产经营积极性受到挫伤,农业生产就发展滞缓,甚至农业生产力受到破坏。建国以后,由于国家工业化的需要,农业为工业提供了大量资金积累和原材料,在长期农工产品不等价交换过程中,农民贡献了大量利益。80     

提高中国农民民主素质和能力是中国长治久安的第一推动力

中国是一个农业大国，十三亿人口就有丸亿农民。因此，中国的农业、农村和农民问题，已经成为影响我国未来现代化发展的主要因素，它已经关系到我们整个国家的命运。本文着重分析了中国农民民主素质状况和特点、以及提高民主素质途径问题。     

新闻看点

读不懂农民就读不懂中国福建省十届人大一次会议上,“三农”问题一直是人大代表的一个沉甸甸的话题。“读不懂农民就读不懂中国”。来自福建宁德的阮培金代表感慨激昂:农村贫困是全面实现小康社会的瓶颈。我们这里还存在农民宁可让水果烂在树上,也不愿摘下来的现象。我们这里有的农民不敢买电饭煲,原因是用不起电。当前政府工作仍存在重城市轻农村、重其他行业轻农业、重社会其他成员轻农民的问题。     

小城镇 大战略

实现现代化是国人新世纪的追求,也是中国立于世界之林的关键。如何尽快实现现代化 ?不同国家有不同的路径。中国是一个农业大国, 12亿人口中 70％生活在农村,农业、农民、农村问题始终是我国现代化建设中的根本问题,也是难点问题。农村现代化的速度始终决定和制约着我国现代化的整体速度,中国的现代化实质上是农村的现代化,而农村现代化的关键是农业向非农产业的转移,农村人口向非农业人口的转移,散居的村落向集中的城镇转移,这就是城市化。极而言之,中国的现代化速度取决于农村人口向城镇转移的速度。当然,城市化可有不同策略,…     

研究中国农民问题的一份答卷

我为什么要把研究农民问题作为一项事业来做,因为现在从中央到地方,已形成了共识:狠抓农业这个基础.农业、农村、农民这三大问题决定着中国现代化事业的成败.从全世界的进程来看,整个发展中国家的根本问题就是农民问题.所以,农民如何超越自我,进入工业化、城市化、现代化这是我着意要研究的.     

发现"沙县小吃"

谈“沙县小吃”这个话题，可能有不少人会表示不屑，觉得一个小吃有什么大不了的。何况“沙县小吃”的名声并不怎么响亮。但是，如果你知道仅仅在近几年，由沙县政府推动，沙县的农民在全国各地开了超过1万间沙县小吃店，每年有差不多4亿元的收入，解决了3万多农民的就业问题，相信你就会有点认同“沙县小吃”并不简单的说法。“沙县小吃”当然涉及到吃，但我们关注它的角度不是一般的吃，而是中国农民的吃饭问题，也即是在中国农村不断转型以及中国的城市化、现代化进程之中，农村、农业和农民这个所谓“三农问题”，应当如何突破的问题。正是从这个角度，我们高度评价“沙县小吃”的现实价值。我们认为，它既是一种“三农问题”的解决之道，也是一种区域经济发展的成功策略，还是一种地区营销的经典案例，更是中国现代化进程的一种象征和一个标志性符号。     

论"越生越穷,越穷越生"的贫困恶性循环

在中国,只有解决了农村的人口与贫困问题,才能解决整个中国社会的人口与贫困问题;只有解决了农村的发展问题,才能解决中国现代化的问题.农民的贫困问题是制约我国现代化进程的一个重要因素,而要解决这一问题关键是要用制度引导农民跳出人口与贫困的恶性循环,只有这样才能使我国农村走上一条良性的发展道路,只有这样才能把改革开放大业推向前进,才能造就一个真正的现代中国.     

农业现代化下我国农村劳动力问题研究

农业现代化实现不仅要求农村现代化,更要求农民现代化.农民现代化是农业、农村现代化的必要前提和归宿.然而在农民现代化的实现过程中存在农村劳动力流失、农业劳动力素质低下以及农业劳动力面临风险加大等问题,因此解决好农民现代化问题,就成为了全面建设小康社会的重要关注点.     

发展乡镇企业 振兴农村经济

振兴农村经济,发展乡镇企业,这是当前农村经济发展中的一个重要问题。中国的现代化关键是占人口80％的农村现代化。而乡镇企业的崛起初步启动了农村内部经济潜力,提供了一条农村现代化的可能道路。发展乡镇企业,对振兴农村经济、建设农业和促进农业的发展,富裕农民增加国家的财政收入和承担地方的部分财政支出,改善城乡关系,促进农村两个文明建设的作用也是十分明显的。我们对唐山地区乡镇企业发展情况的调查,印象是深刻的。 1986年唐山乡镇企业总收入达到了21.4亿元,比1985年增长21.6％,占全市农村工农业总产值46.5％,从业人员达54万人,占农村劳动力总数的26％,纯利润达到4.02亿元,比     

加强农村“三农”管理是服务新农村建设的根本途径

长期以来,农业、农村、农民问题一直是决定我国全面建设小康社会进程和现代化进程的关键性问题,重视农业、农村、农民问题是我们党的一贯战略思想。“三农”问题始终是关系党和人民事业发展的全局性和根本性问题。因此,在新农村建设良好开局之后,如何客观地分析农村三农的新情况,分析农民观念的新变化,科学地把握农村经济社会发展的规律,做到心中有数,是进一步推进新农村建设的关键。本文就加强农村三农管理的重要性及发展对策进行了必要的探讨,旨在促进农业发展,改变农村落后、农民生活贫穷的状况,不断服务于新农村建设发展进程。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。