选择旅游业为区域主导产业的合理性问题探讨

根据对我国区域经济及旅游业发展的现状分析,选择旅游业作为区域经济主导产业在很多地区存在着盲目性与不合理性。探讨旅游业作为特定区域主导产业的合理性,需要对符合国情的“旅游业”及“主导产业”有合适的概念界定,以及对区域旅游产业的发展现状、潜力、优势及整体效益有相对科学的分析。在此基础上确定旅游业作为区域主导产业选择的基准。同时还需重视对被确定为区域主导产业的旅游业自身的培育。     

旅游业受"非典"影响情况分析及对几个相关问题的辨析

“非典”对中国旅游业造成重创 ,已是不争的事实。如何进行深层次的分析 ,不仅仅是旅游自身的问题 ,还涉及到旅游业在国民经济中的地位 ,也涉及到学术界和全社会对旅游业的认识。最近 ,有三个现象比较突出 :其一 ,国务院有关部门为了支持受“非典”影响大的行业渡过难关 ,迅速出台了一系列政策。在中央已经明确旅游业受“非典”重创为第一位的情况下 ,在有关政策文件中 ,或把旅游业与餐饮业、出租汽车业等行业并列 ,或把旅游置于其他行业之后 ,反映了有关决策部门对旅游的认识并不十分清晰。其二 ,在若干经济专家、学者的“非典”影响分析中…     

景区共生能量测算模型构建与应用

景区共生能量水平的测定对区域旅游业高质量协同发展具有重要指导意义。本文明确了共生能量的增量性质,界定了景区共生能量概念,基于共生能量生成原理并考虑共生损耗,确定景区所获线路客流量与扣除了佣金比例后的门票收益的属性及其关系,构建景区共生能量测算模型。以OTA（Online Travel Agency）数据为基础,测算了大湘西地区景区共生能量及景区共生能量指数,并揭示了景区共生能量的基本特征。大湘西地区景区共生能量呈“金字塔”状的层级结构,高共生能量景区是高质量发展的突出贡献者,其在县域空间尺度上表现出较明显的非均衡集中分布特征,在武陵源区、永定区和凤凰县表现为3个高密度集聚区。景区共生能量特征可作为分类指导旅游业高质量发展的依据,促进区域旅游业共生共荣。     

绿色发展背景下旅游生态效率的核心价值及提升策略

党的十八大报告提出建设美丽中国,实现中华民族的永续发展.旅游业作为国民战略性支柱产业,具有建设美丽产业的天然优势与基础.然而,在旅游业快速发展的同时,旅游业对环境的影响也不容忽视.UNWTO-UNEP-WMO (2008)的数据显示,2005年旅游业碳排放量占到全球碳排放量的4.95％.钟永德等(2014)采用自上而下法对我国旅游业碳排放估计的数据显示,旅游业碳排放量占到总碳排放量的2.71％.“十三五”时期,绿色发展成为我国经济增长的主旋律,如何寻求旅游业的经济增长与环境影响的平衡是当前我国政府、产业界以及学界共同关注的焦点.旅游生态效率是表征旅游业经济价值与环境影响的指标,它无疑为“十三五”时期我国旅游业可持续发展、绿色发展指明了方向.     

中国旅游卫星账户2007延长表编算研究

旅游宏观统计积弱,致使旅游业既难以"摸清自身家底",也难以形成明确的产业"身份"进入国民经济产业研究的话语体系,甚至在产业规模测定的实践和理论研究当中还存在明显误区,造成旅游经济的感性认识有余,而理性的量化支撑不足。为此,文章应用旅游卫星账户和投入产出理论,结合入境旅游和国内旅游统计调查实际,构建了一套符合国际统计核算标准和旅游卫星账户框架要求的旅游业增加值算法流程,测算得出2007年我国旅游业增加值占国民经济的比重约为2.67%,与美国、加拿大等国家的测算结果相近。文章所构架的算法体系,有助于更加客观和准确地了解旅游业在国民经济中的地位,更为借助可计算一般均衡、投入产出价格影响等模型测算旅游业完全经济影响,提供了一个更加精确和有效的基础性框架。     

基于三阶段DEA模型的我国区域旅游业效率评价

文章利用三阶段DEA模型对剔除环境因素和随机因素影响前后的我国各省级区域旅游业效率进行了测算与评价,结果表明:三阶段DEA模型能够甄别出传统DEA模型对纯技术效率与规模效率高估或低估的偏误;调整后的效率测算结果显示,各省级区域旅游业纯技术效率差异较小,规模效率差异度较大;规模效率低是制约中西部区域旅游业效率水平提高的瓶颈,各区域平均的纯技术效率比规模效率更接近效率前沿面;东部地区的北京、上海、江苏、浙江、广东接近或处于我国旅游业技术效率的前沿面;按照纯技术效率与规模效率将各地区旅游业划分为四种类型,按各区域效率结构特点,分别从提高管理水平或扩大旅游业规模方面提出了不同区域提高旅游业效率的策略选择.     

明确思路 形成共识——开创长治市旅游产业新形势

当今世界，旅游业被称为“朝阳产业”和“黄金产业”。党中央、国务院和省委、省政府对发展旅游业非常重视，大力扶持。长治市委、市政府近年来也一直十分重视长治市旅游业的发展。全市上下真抓实干，旅游收入上升和产业规模扩大，使长治市旅游业呈现出了“朝阳产业”的强大活力，形成了新的经济增长点，长治市旅游业呈现出蓬勃发展的好势头。     

"非典"后的旅游经济重建与风险管理

“非典”给中国旅游业留下两个重要而紧迫的研究课题 :一个是“非典”后旅游经济如何尽快恢复重建 ;另一个是如何加强旅游业的“风险管理”。这其中既有实际操作问题 ,也涉及到深层次的理论问题。一、“非典”疫情凸现旅游经济的“敏感”特征“非典”突然降临 ,给中国旅游业造成了沉重的打击 ,但也有助于建立一个完整的旅游产业概念 ,从而为建立一个完整的产业政策体系创造条件。1 “非典”凸现旅游业的第四特征旅游业“朝阳产业”的特征已经深入人心 ,中央和许多地方都将旅游业作为新的经济增长点和未来的支柱产业 ,掀起了加快发展旅游的…     

“十三五”时期应加快推动金融与旅游业的融合发展

长期以来,旅游业与金融的关系就密不可分,无论是旅游企业的发展,还是旅游者的出行,都离不开金融的支持.随着旅游业在国民经济和社会发展中的地位进一步提升,金融对旅游业发展的促进作用更加明显,金融与旅游业融合程度逐步提高.本文在分析金融与旅游融合发展的环境基础上,探讨金融与旅游业的互动融合关系,并提出“十三五”期间促进金融与旅游业融合发展的建议.     

从“非典”到“新冠”：旅游业风险治理体系研究

我国旅游业应急管理源于2003年的“非典”。本研究在“新冠肺炎”的背景下,通过比较“非典”期间旅游业风险治理体系和机制,提炼旅游业风险治理的可行样本。     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa : The case of Zambia

Development of Africa's immense tourism potential is severely limited for reasons including lack of capital, distance from the large North American and European markets, the cost of travel to Africa, and Africa's poor image abroad. A key factor contributing to this image problem is political instability. Since World War II, almost all African countries have achieved independence. In several countries, this decolonization process has taken the form of long and often bloody liberation wars. This paper examines the impact of Zimbabwe's protracted liberation war on tourism development in Zambia and suggests that a detailed examination of major internal and external political events associated with the decolonization process in Zimbabwe could provide important perspectives on the obstacles to tourism development in other African countries.     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

The rediscovery of America: Elite automobile touring

The automobile has radically changed tourist habits this century. In the first decade it was enthusiastically embraced by a small, wealthy elite. In America this elite “rediscovered” the romantic northeastern scenery painted by the Hudson Valley School of artists. This process is documented both in the general elite tourist literature of the period and in a specific case study from an elite summer colony. In the second decade “mass followed class.” Cheaper automobiles allowed the middle classes to follow the elite tourists of the first decade. The elite began to lose interest in the automobile as something exclusive to them, and turned their attention to the possibilities for touring of aviation.     

Towards Strategic Intent: Perceptions of disability service provision amongst hotel accommodation managers

The tourism sector globally has become increasingly mindful of how an ageing population is reshaping service provision forms and offerings. This being particularly true of accommodation operations where there is a now a growing recognition of the commercial value for providing market groups with exceptional service. With this in mind, this study sought to ascertain the perceptions of managers in the accommodation sector towards disability service provision with a view to identifying any current service gaps or failings. An inductive, qualitative approach was used with the data collection phase incorporating a series of one on one interviews and a focus group. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 managers of hotels deemed to have accessible rooms that complied with the relevant building codes and standards. A focus group comprised 22 managers of hotels located in the Sydney central business district, Australia. Study findings revealed five key themes that had not been previously discussed in the literature. They were: inclusive attitudinal approach; safety; the responsibility of people with a disability to communicate their needs to the hotel; perceptions of accessible rooms by the general public; and operational processes. Related themes that emerged from the data analysis that had previously been aligned with the literature included: legislative responsibility, policy and building codes; disability as a market segment; staff awareness/training; and language, marketing, and promotion information. Implications with respect to management of accessible rooms in the accommodation sector are outlined and further areas of research are proposed.     

The geography of tourism: An introduction

The geography of tourism is limited by a dearth of published research in geographic journals, the relatively few individuals who actively participate in the sub-discipline, and the lack of prestige the subject matter specialty has in geography. Despite these imperfections geographers make important contributions to the study of tourism because of their unique point-of-view. This characteristic perspective is seen in the context of a conceptual frame-of-reference which consists of a matrix based on two trichotomies. An analysis and interpretation of this framework and its application to the nine substantive articles included in the special issue constitute a majority of the article.     

The promise of creative/participatory mapping practices for sport and leisure research

This paper provides an introduction to the concept of creative participatory mapping of human–environment relations. It is identified that within human geography, artistic practice and urban design, biomapping and similar community mapping tools and methodologies are increasingly being embraced. However, within sports and leisure research the concept has yet to gain academic attention. Consequently, this paper provides a basis for thinking about how researchers and research participants in the fields of sport and leisure research might benefit if mapping human–environment relations was to be embraced and integrated into research design practices. Referencing recent turns to studying space and affect within sport and leisure studies, mapping is argued to offer innovative methodological opportunities for studying how people relate to and understand the urban environments in which they practice physical activity and leisure forms of embodiment. The paper concludes by arguing that, along with offering up new avenues for conceptual research, mapping human–environment relations, if readily embraced, can go a long way to fostering community engagement in: the identification of (un)safe urban routes for sport/leisure practice (e.g. running, cycling), the development and site identification of health/physical activity initiatives and the design of urban landscapes of sport/leisure.     

Organized Youth Sport and Parenting in Public and Private Spaces

This article examines the connection of organized youth sport to cultural beliefs, values and practices of contemporary parenting ideologies, specifically the idealization of intensive mothering and involved fathering. It explores how parenting ideologies are constructed by the discourses expressed by individuals in their everyday lives through their children's sport participation. Moreover, the analysis of the parental discourse illustrates how parenting goes beyond the home environment and becomes a public act that is observed by other parents, with these observations creating the basis of what is deemed to be a good parent. Emphasis is also placed on the gendered dimensions of meeting the expectations for being a good parent.     

Leisure and the rich today: Veblen's thesis after a century

This paper calls for a revisionist reading of the thesis of the leisure class. Veblen's great work The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) argued that society is ruled by a leisure class. The primary identifying characteristics of this class are prodigious wealth, voluntary abnegation from pecuniary labour and conspicuous consumption. Veblen's argument suggested the decomposition of the work ethic because the characteristics cultivated by the rich would be emulated by the lower orders. Schor's The Overworked American (1991) work suggests that overwork, not leisure is one of the primary identifying characteristics of postwar culture. The article uses statistical and biographical data on the rich today to provide a counterpoint to Veblen's thesis. It is argued that the rich are not characterized by a rejection of work. On the contrary the richest people in the world typically work longer hours than the average. For these individuals work adopts a play form which probably contrasts sharply with wider social experience. Data on the leisure of Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and Richard Branson is examined to assemble a position on leisure and the rich which contrasts with the Veblen thesis.     

Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization

This article examines the development of souvenirs research in tourism studies. It looks at souvenirs from four broad vantage points, namely historical perspectives on souvenirs research, souvenirs as messengers of meaning, souvenirs as tradable commodities and the commodification of souvenirs and handicrafts. Part of this includes the supply and demand aspects of souvenir production and consumption, including the distribution system and various aspects of producers. The paper also considers the commodification process of native arts and crafts into consumable tourism products and suggests future directions for additional works in this understudied area of tourism research.