企业如何做好危险废物日常管理工作

随着工业不断的发展,工业生产伴随的危险废物排放量增长。众所周知,危险废物具有难处理、污染后果难预测等特点。危险废物不仅对环境安全有危害,对人的身体健康也有很大影响。例如,危险废物很可能具有腐蚀性,易燃易爆;还有可能致癌、导致胎儿畸形,还有很强的传染性。     

基于危险废物生产安全事故分析的企业安全管理探讨

危险废物因其成分复杂可能存在各种特殊风险,经过对相关案例进行事故分析,文章认为企业人员的认知能力可能是导致生产安全事故的一个关键因素。文章分析并简述了在安全管理中的认知方法。     

危险废物管理现状及对策分析

危险废物(Hazardous Waste)主要是指工业生产过程排放的废物,在工业化进程不断加快的今天,危险废物排放量与日俱增,不仅对生态环境产生严重的负面影响,还影响到人民群众的生命健康,负面效应非常之大。因此,相关单位展开危险废物管理工作非常有必要,本文就对危险废物管理现状及对策展开分析,以期提供参考依据。     

信息化技术提高制药企业质量管理

质量管理为制药企业管理中的重点,借助信息化技术,对生产过程中的各类质量数据进行采集、贮存、整理、分析,沟通整合各板块,达到资源共享,简化管理流程,提高质量管理效率,最终达到全面管理,实现质量管理目标。     

油品销售企业危险废物管理现状分析及处置对策初探

油品销售企业危险废物管理面临制度不完善、人员配备不足、由非原位处理导致监控缺失等问题,笔者提出从信息技术、组织机构和规章制度、教育培训、辅助技术等四个方面构建危险废物处理管理系统,实现油品销售企业危险废物处理的信息化、规范化、精细化、高效化。     

危险废物管理存在的问题及对策探讨

中国对危险废物的管理总体起步较晚,随着国家法律法规的完善和监管力度的加强,目前危险废物管理已取得了长足的发展和进步,但仍旧存在诸多亟待解决的问题。经过对总体情况与具体情况的综合分析,文章指出了危险废物管理中存在的部分问题,并对问题的解决对策提出了具有建设性的对策,以期能够为危险废物的管理方式提供参考。     

危险废物规范化管理问题分析

本文主要以危险废物规范化管理问题为重点进行阐述,结合危险废物管理存在的问题为主要依据,从增强监督与管理、创建合理有效的防范体系、合理布局危险废物处理装置、注重危险废物监管基础与能力的建设这几方面进行深入探索与研究,其目的在于提升危险废物管理的质量和效率,从而保证人类身体健康,促进生态环境平衡发展。     

制药企业的科研机构管理特点与新思路

目的浅析制药企业科研机构的管理在整个研发工作中的重要性,并提出切实可行的改进办法。方法本文通过分析制药企业科研机构管理的功能及特点,从满足科研人员差异化需求的角度入手,并结合作者自身工作实践,提出制药企业科研机构管理的新思路。结果与结论制药企业科研机构的管理工作应同科研工作一样不断进步、不断创新。     

制药企业验证工作的管理

制药企业为确保验证实施效果,从建立验证管理制度、制订验证总计划、理解再验证的概念和注重验证的培训工作几方面入手,讨论如何更好地开展验证工作。     

'Biological' revolution and strategies for innovation in pharmaceutical companies

Fundamental advances in the life sciences are exerting a profound influence on the structure of the pharmaceutical industry and the strategies of drug companies. The 'biological' revolution makes it possible to apply a scientific method to drug research. This paper argues that pharmaceutical companies can take advantage of the new method only if they encourage 'openness' of their research. We also offer a framework to explain why innovations in this industry increasingly result from networks of agents with complementary skills and resources. Greater use of scientific knowledge implies that important information for innovation can be expressed in relatively general and universal forms. This eases information exchange, and encourages specialisation and division of labour in drug R&D and marketing. Finally, the possibility of a division of labour in innovation opens new opportunities for medium-sized national pharmaceutical firms in Europe. Provided that they found their strategies on high-quality research in specialised niches, they can set up alliances with partners that possess complementary knowledge, and supply resources for clinical development and international marketing.     

Inter-firm collaboration in new product development in Chinese pharmaceutical companies

High-tech firms increasingly rely on inter-firm collaboration (IFC) in new product development (NPD). While there is a growing research interest in exploring the economic rationale of IFC through the transaction cost economics (TCE) and the resource synergy of IFC through the resource-based view of the firm (RBV), little attention has been given to the institution-based view (IBV) that also has important implications for firms’ choice of IFC. In particular, how national institutional environment affects IFC in the NPD process remains under-researched. This study aims to contribute to the literature by extending our understanding of the role of IFC in firms’ NPD process, taking into account transactional, resource, and institutional factors. Based on a case study of two firms: a state-owned and a private pharmaceutical firm in China, our research identifies three key forms of IFC, which are dynamic at different stages of NPD and contingent upon an array of institutional, resource, and transactional rationales underpinning firms’ choice of different forms of IFC. Our study is the first one that investigates the role of IFC in the NPD process bringing together the IBV, RBV, and TCE perspectives.     

Knowledge and information flows in supply chains: A study on pharmaceutical companies

A great deal of attention in the supply chain management literature is devoted to study material and demand information flows and their coordination. But in many situations, supply chains may convey information from different nature, they may be an important channel companies have to deliver knowledge, or specifically, technical information to the market. This paper studies the technical flow and highlights its particular requirements. Drawing upon a qualitative field research, it studies pharmaceutical companies, since those companies face a very specific challenge: consumers do not have discretion over their choices, ethical drugs must be prescribed by physicians to be bought and used by final consumers. Technical information flow is rich, and must be redundant and early delivered at multiple points. Thus, apart from the regular material channel where products and order information flow, those companies build a specialized information channel, developed to communicate to those who need it to create demand. Conclusions can be extended to supply chains where products and services are complex and decision makers must be clearly informed about technology-related information.     

建筑企业供应链管理中的不确定性研究

对建筑企业供应链管理中的不确定性因素进行了详细的剖析，分析了它们对建筑企业供应链管理的影响，并深入探讨了降低建筑企业供应链管理中不确定性影响的措施。     

Managing industrial pharmaceutical R&D. A comparative study of management control and innovative effectiveness in European and Anglo-American companies

Drug regulation and pricing have put strong pressure on the cost-benefit ratio of the innovative pharmaceutical industry. Therefore a study has been conducted in fourteen large and medium sized companies to determine some important organisational and managerial factors influencing success in pharmaceutical innovation. The study consists of structured interviews with Research Directors and questionnaires, submitted to the heads of the different research departments. The following conclusions are tentatively drawn. Firstly, the data suggest that a threshold investment of approximately $150–200 million is needed to maintain the innovative potential. Above approximately $750 million, 'economies of scale' seem to appear in pharmaceutical innovation. Secondly, an incremental strategy aimed at reducing the duration of the development process seems to be more successful than a radical strategy which lays more emphasis on discovery. Thirdly, pure play pharmaceuticals seem to be more successful than the pharmaceutical divisions of conglomerates. Management control, especially the way in which reorganisations are performed, is assessed more positively in pure play pharmaceuticals. Fourthly, the greater emphasis on human resources management in Anglo-American companies, in comparison to continental European companies, seems to be an important explanatory factor for their greater success on the pharmaceutical market.     

金融危机下中国药企的海外并购

2008年的金融危机席卷全球，关于在金融危机中中国制药企业怎样通过海外并购来进军海外做大做强，已经成为当下迫切需要研究的问题。本文对中国药企海外并购的必要性及可行性进行了深入分析，归纳了中国药企在金融危机下的海外兼并中的关键问题，在此基础上提出相应对策、     

The allocation of resources for R&D in the world's leading pharmaceutical companies

A survey of 45 leading pharmaceutical companies has been used to investigate aspects of their Research and Development (R&D) strategies, the allocation of resources including the financing and staffing of R&D functions, and the numbers of New Chemical Entities (NCEs) in the development process. The companies included the top ten by R&D expenditure in 1992 (top 10 companies). The study identified characteristics of leading companies and provided comparative data. The principal findings are that:
top ten companies had the highest R&D to sales ratios, progressed more NCEs after the drug candidate selection stage in 1992 and had achieved a greater geographical decentralization of staff than any other company.
Japanese companies differed in some respects from western companies, even those of a similar size. They operated with smaller clinical and regulatory affairs functions and made detailed plans for R&D expenditure further ahead than western companies, on average, more than 5 years compared with 3 years.
an increase in aggregated R&D staffing had occurred between 1990 and 1992 in 33 companies for which data for both years were available and staff numbers had decreased in only five of those companies.
top ten companies differed from others in their apparent productivity measured in terms of staff or R&D expenditure per NCE after the drug candidate selection stage, utilizing more staff and having greater R&D expenditure per NCE.
The results also appear to indicate early signs of a change in the structure of the industry according to R&D expenditure, which has since become more apparent. There was a distinct polarization by R&D budget size among the respondent companies: five companies were spending $900m or more on R&D in 1992 while the majority of the rest were spending less than a third of that amount.     

Nature of innovation and technology management in system companies

Competition in the industries that develop complex products (such as aircraft engines and radar) depends on the integration of organizational systems as well as the pace of technological change.
Companies in these industries can be regarded as 'system companies'. A framework and taxonomy are developed to indicate the characteristics and types of companies and to understand how organizational learning and integration take place. This makes it easier for companies to anticipate strategic change and some implications of this kind are described.     

国际石油公司的全面风险管理

能源(石油)公司面临一个"风险金字塔".金字塔最顶端的市场宏观经济风险,很难被一个企业完全规避;中间层面的政策法规风险和行业竞争风险等,可以通过知法守法、制定和实施有效的公司战略来降低;金字塔最底层的公司日常业务运营中面临的各种风险,是公司进行全面风险管理的侧重点.风险管理是识别、测量、评估、呈报和控制所有可能导致公司蒙受损失的各种风险的过程.风险管理的基本目标,一是有效管理和提高公司承受风险的能力,二是将公司资源或资本按风险-回报率最大化原则分配使用.文章介绍了典型的国际能源(石油)公司的风险管理框架,以有效的公司治理和内部控制为基础的风险管理组织结构,风险管理的基础条件和流程,以及能源风险管理从控制职能发展成为战略管理工具的转变等.     

物业管理企业的服务层次定位

文章阐述物业管理企业服务层次的概念,如何针对物业所有人与使用者的不同情况,准确地进行服务层次的定位,指出服务层次定位是否准确将是物业管理企业提高收益水平和最大限度地满足业主要求的关键所在。