创新机制 落实政策 努力构建和谐计生工作

近年来，中共甘肃省定西市委、市政府高度重视人口和计划生育工作，始终把创新工作机制和落实政策作为人口和计划生育工作的关键措施来抓，坚持一手抓各项节育措施落实，一手抓利益导向机制建设，人口和计划生育工作保持了又好又快发展的良好态势。     

完善政策机制 提高帮扶水平——陇西县计生局扶贫开发与计生工作有机结合

甘肃省陇西县计生局认真贯彻落实省、市要求，着眼为全县经济社会又好又快发展创造良好的人口环境，始终坚持把扶贫开发与计划生育相结合，创新完善利益导向机制和长效工作机制，优化整合社会资源，统筹解决人口问题，不断促进人口和计划生育工作持续、健康发展。具体工作中，主要坚持完善和落实了“五个机制”：     

机制创新活源头——灵台县创新人口计生工作机制的做法

近年来,灵台县从建立和完善人口计生工作新机制入手,着力构建＂依法管理、村（居）民自治、优质服务、政策推动、综合治理＂的计划生育工作新格局,努力开创计划生育工作新局面。2008年被国家人口委授予全国计划生育优质服务先进单位，连续11年受到省、市表彰奖励，2009年被甘肃省人口委评为机制创新奖。     

象山县人口和计划生育局 优生 优育 优教

象山县人口和计划生育局是象山县人民政府的一个工作部门，内设办公室、政策法规科、规划统计科、宣教技术科，下设计划生育宣传技术指导站。 象山县的人口与计划生育工作以改革创新为动力，进一步完善“依法管理、村（居）民自治、优质服务、政策推动、综合治理”管理服务机制，取得了显著的工作成果。     

“理”“情”“利”“需”“法”并重 做好计划生育思想政治工作

做好和加强新形势下的计划生育思想政治工作，是实现计划生育工作思路与工作方法“两个转变”的根本保证，也是把计划生育工作不断推向深入的重要保证。近年来，随着企业的不断发展，用人机制的不断革新，企业人口结构的不断变化，企业人口与计划生育工作出现许多新情况、新问题、新现象。面对企业中日益复杂的计划生育管理问题，单纯靠以往的简单管理难以达到群众自治的效果，只有找准切入点，充分发挥思想政治工作的强大优势，才能把计划生育工作不断推向深入。     

积极探索人口计生工作的洲

自实行计划生育政策以来，人口计生事业为全省经济社会发展营造了良好的人口环境，作出了巨大贡献。特别是近几年以来，积极探索人口计生工作新机制，切实做到了“两个转变”，逐步建立了“大人口、大计生”观念和工作格局，形成了综合治理和利益导向机制，降低了人口计生丁作难度，促进了群众婚育观念的转变，逐渐使人口计生工作成为群众可接受和受群众所欢迎的，形成了良性循环，为人口计生事业的进一步发展奠定了良好的基础，     

发挥财政职能完善投入机制支持全市人口和计划生育工作健康、持续发展

一、加大资金投入，全力支持人口和计划生育工作跨越式发展 “十五”期间，我市财政部门克服诸多不利因素的影响，努力调整支出结构，完善财政保障机制，确保经费投入到位，切实加大对人口和计划生育工作的支持力度，有力地促进了全市人口和计划生育工作的长足进步。     

华县计生局:创新机制狠抓落实

近年来，华县人口和计划生育局在各级党政的高度重视和省、市业务部门的大力支持下，认真学习贯彻中央《决定》和人口计生法规，坚持以人为本，深化优质服务，紧紧围绕稳定低生育水平、统筹解决人口问题这一主题，不断创新工作机制，强化措施，狠抓落实，使全县人口和计划生育工作步入健康发展的良性轨道。     

关于人口和计划生育利益导向机制的法律思考

我国的人口和计划生育利益导向机制是伴随着人口和计划生育工作而产生、发展和不断完善的,是新形势下做好人口和计划生育工作的重要手段和迫切要求。但是,在具体实践中仍有有违社会公平、责任主体错位、与相关经济社会政策兼容性不够等问题存在。针对这些问题,本文提出健全、完善人口和计划生育利益导向机制的若干建议。     

试论从计划生育“三为主”、“三结合”到“三自主”的发展趋势

近３０年来，在党中央、国务院和各级党委政府的重视和关怀下，我国的人口与计划生育工作取得了显著成绩，不仅实现了生育水平的大幅度下降，为增强综合国力、促进经济发展和人民生活改善创造了有利的人口环境，而且积累了丰富的经验，探索了一条符合中国国情的计划生育道路。本文仅从我国人口与计划生育工作的发展历程出发，就“三为主”、“三结合”到“三自主”（即群众自主实行计划生育、自主进行人口与计划生育管理、自主参与计划生育优质服务）的发展趋势谈一点认识，愿与各位同仁共议。一、从“三为主”、“三结合”到“三自主”，符…     

Bubbles, crises, and policy

In many recent cases financial liberalization has led to a bubblein asset prices. The bursting of the bubble results in a bankingcrisis and recession. It is suggested such bubbles are causedby an interaction of the risk-shifting problem arising fromagency relationships in intermediaries and uncertainty concerningthe expansion of credit. Two important policy objectives areidentified. The first is the prevention of bubbles in assetprices. The second is minimizing the impact of spillovers onto the real economy during post-bubble banking crises. The differentpolicy approaches taken in Norway and Japan are compared.     

Finance, governments, and trade

We study how financial transactions may respond to exogenous variation in trade opportunities not only directly, but also through policy channels. In more open economies, governments may find it more difficult to fund and enforce public policies that substitute private financial transactions, and more appealing to deregulate financial markets. We propose a simple theoretical model of such policy-mediated relationships between trade and financial development. Empirically, we document in a country panel dataset that, before the 2007–2008 crisis, financial market volumes were robustly and negatively related to the share of government consumption in GDP in regressions that also include indicators of financial regulation and trade openness, and we seek support for a causal interpretation of this result in instrumental variable specifications.     

Migration,FDI, and Welfare

We investigate migration and foreign direct investment (FDI) for a small trading economy. Historically, immigration in small countries has been accompanied by FDI inflows (complementary capital movements). Based on the skill composition of migrants, empirical evidence finds that skilled immigration is accompanied by FDI inflows but unskilled immigration is accompanied by FDI outflows (substitutable capital movements). We prove that the Heckscher-Ohlin model cannot reconcile these apparently contradictory observations. We introduce a theoretical model in which capital and unskilled labor are sector specific, and demonstrate that this model can reconcile the historical and empirical observations on migration and FDI.     

Emotions,Sanctions, and Cooperation

We use skin conductance responses and self‐reported hedonic valence to study the emotional basis of cooperation and punishment in a social dilemma. We argue that the availability of sanctions sets in motion a “virtuous emotional circle” that accompanies cooperation. Emotional reaction to free riding leads cooperators to apply sanctions. In response, and in addition to the monetary consequences of receiving sanctions, the negative emotions experienced by the free‐riders when punished lead them to increase their subsequent level of cooperation. The outcome is an increased level of cooperation that becomes a new norm. Therefore, emotions sustain both the use of altruistic punishment and cooperation.     

Growth, equality, and history

Complex policy issues deserve frequent reassessment, and the relationship between economic growth and equality is undeniably complex. Policymakers who care about trade-offs between the two goals continue to press the scientific limits of empirical economics. It takes an enormous sample of long-term national experiences to approximate the data base necessary to move debate from allegation to evidence. Fortunately, the sample continues to expand. Since the 1950s dozens of countries have produced evidence on income distribution and growth, and the records of some currently developed countries have been extended back into the 17th century. This article assesses the empirical harvest. Most of our inferences, however, are based on American and British history.     

Investment financing, inflation, risks, and stabilization

This paper discusses financial problems of stepping up the investment process in Russia, approaches to intensifying financial redistribution, opportunities for using government savings to boost and upgrade economic growth, and suggests financial support measures for the modernization of the Russian economy.     

Sickness, absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick pay

The annual cost of absenteeism from the workplace in the UKhas been estimated to be over 1% of GDP. The traditional approachto a discussion of absence has been for the firm to passivelyaccept both wages and sick pay and allow workers to choose theirabsence behaviour. Most empirical research has been based onthis approach. However, if absence is costly why should firmspay extra-statutory sick pay? One reason may be the phenomenaof presenteeism (ill workers attending work). This may adverselyaffect productivity. This paper shows that allowing for presenteeismhas important implications for both the design of optimal wage-sickpay contracts and for the interpretation of empirical studies.Specifically, we show that firms will offer a level of sickpay greater than the statutory minimum.