建立大学生互助保险基金的可行性分析——基于完善大学生医疗保障体系的角度

1985年我国开始推行学生平安保险,2008年9月国家又明确规定将大学生纳入城镇居民基本医疗保障体系,大学生医疗保障体系就此初步建立。但此体系只能提供最基本的医疗保障,大学生医保、学平险所未覆盖的地方或保障不足的地方则需要进一步完善,譬如大学生重疾保障、意外身故等。本文以完善大学生医疗保障体系为目的,重点分析了大学生互助保险基金实行的必要性和可行性,并结合湖北经济学院实际,测算了大学生互助保险基金的缴费水平、收支情况等。分析结果显示,大学生互助保险基金是切实可行的。     

建立大学生互助保险基金的可行性分析——基于完善大学生医疗保障体系的角度

1985年我国开始推行学生平安保险,2008年9月国家又明确规定将大学生纳入城镇居民基本医疗保障体系,大学生医疗保障体系就此初步建立。但此体系只能提供最基本的医疗保障,大学生医保、学平险所未覆盖的地方或保障不足的地方则需要进一步完善,譬如大学生重疾保障、意外身故等。本文以完善大学生医疗保障体系为目的,重点分析了大学生互助保险基金实行的必要性和可行性,并结合湖北经济学院实际,测算了大学生互助保险基金的缴费水平、收支情况等。分析结果显示,大学生互助保险基金是切实可行的。     

医保谈判机制亟待解决的三大问题

医疗保险谈判机制是控制医保基金支出过决增长、提高医保基金使用效率的一项行之有效的制度。我国新一轮医改也已明确提出，要“积极探索建立医疗保险经办机构与医疗机构、药品供应商的谈判机制，发挥医疗保障对医疗服务和药品费用的制约作用”。新医改实施4年来，不少地区对建立医保谈判机制积极探索，也取得了一些效果，但很有限，远没有形成一种机制。笔者认为，     

建立城镇居民医疗保障制度势在必行

建立多层次医疗保障制度，不断扩大医保覆盖面，逐步将各类人员纳入医保范围，实现全社会人人享有医疗保障，是医疗保障制度改革的奋斗目标，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求。     

传媒视域

公费医疗纳入医保是大势所趋呼声已久的广州公费医疗和职工医保的并轨,在今年的广州"两会"上再次进入委员、代表视界。据2月18日的《南方都市报》报道,中山大学教授岳经纶认为,公费医疗纳入到社会医疗保障体系当中来,是大势所趋。岳经纶认为,公务员加入医保体系,需要带着参保费用来充实医保基金池,如果单纯统一制度,不为医保基金池注水,势必会摊薄目前职工医保参保人的医保待遇。政府作为公务员     

医疗保障体制及政府与市场的边界

不同的医疗融资模式和医疗服务提供方式,构成了丰富多样的医疗保障体制。国际经验显示,医疗保障体制以走向医保全覆盖和有管理的市场化为发展方向。为了优化医疗保障体制、控制公共卫生支出增长、提高医疗保障体系的效率,各国主要的改革措施包括以控制医疗成本为目的的宏观约束、旨在提高效率的微观改革和以避免过度医疗为目的的需求方改革等方面。建议我国以医保全覆盖为突破口,提高医疗保险运行效率,均衡配置医疗资源和服务,严格控制医疗费用不合理增长,建立有管理的竞争性医疗机构体系,防范供需双方的道德风险,促进我国医疗保障体系的健康发展。     

职工家属医疗保障待遇刍议

随着城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗制度的建立和实施,实行了半个多世纪的企业职工供养直系亲属劳保医疗待遇（以下简称：职工家属医疗保障待遇）已经与社会的发展不相适应。既然企业职工供养直系亲属已经成为城镇居民基本医保和新型农村合作医疗的参保对象,笔者建议,有关部门应抓紧时机、抓住机遇调整企业职工家属医疗保障制度,适时将职工家属纳入到整个社会医疗保障体系中来。     

普之于众 惠之于民 “沪惠保”坚守初心持续优化

党的二十大报告提出要健全社会保障体系,明确“多层次社会保障体系更加健全”为我国未来五年健全社会保障体系的主要目标任务。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》提出要健全医疗保障体系,完善全民医保体系。2023年,惠民保“燎原”之势不减,在增量扩面的同时向提质增效转变,成为我国构建多层次医疗保障体系的一大亮点。     

论商业保险基础风险原理对建立基本医疗保障制度的适用价值

2009年新医改重大举措不断,它对于我国相对薄弱的医疗保障体系无疑是必需和及时的。本文从理论上初步论述了商业保险基础风险原理对完善建立我国全民基本医疗保障制度的适用价值。通过总结国际医疗保障制度改革及其研究的趋势,论证以医疗保险的基础风险为依据,是实现社会医疗保险预期绩效的基本保证。同时指出定性定量分析我国全民医保的基础风险,才能从根本上找到完善建立相关制度的措施和方法,促进我国医疗保障体系的进一步科学发展。     

医保三项制度如何实现衔接

《国务院关于开展城镇居民基本医疗保险试点的指导意见》出台,为各地建立和完善城镇居民基本医疗保险制度提供了政策依据,也为全民医保目标的实现指明了方向。伴随各统筹地区城镇居民基本医疗保险制度的相继出台和实施,以城镇职工医保、城镇居民医保和新型农村合作医疗为主要内容的全民医保体系初现端倪。在此背景下,如何有机整合三项医疗保险制度,成为完善医疗保障体系的又一新课题。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.