Knowledge transfer: analysis of three Internet acquisitions

The importance of knowledge as the fundamental resource from the strategic viewpoint is widely recognized. Acquisitions are a means of complementing and renewing the knowledge base of the firm. In this study we analyse different variables of the implementation process (autonomy, retention, interaction, cultural similarity) in three acquisitions. We observe that the degree of autonomy granted to the acquired firm is influenced by the nature of the knowledge to be transferred, whereas retention and the means of interaction are not. The results with regard to cultural similarity are not conclusive.     

Compatibility and unlearning in knowledge transfer in mergers and acquisitions

Despite wide recognition of the central role of knowledge and its transfer, extant research has focused much on some important aspects of knowledge transfer and paid little attention to others. We focus on two underexplored issues in the knowledge transfer literature, namely: (a) compatibility of new knowledge with recipients’ needs, interpretations of its past experiences and its existing norms, and (b) organizational unlearning, which moderates the relationship between compatibility and extent of successful knowledge transfer. We examine different types and dimensions of knowledge compatibility and organizational unlearning within our proposed knowledge transfer process framework. We situate our discussion primarily within knowledge transfer in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Based on the proposed model, we also offer propositions future research can test.     

模块化网络组织中的知识流动与技术创新

模块化网络组织是知识经济时代兴起的一种新型产业组织形式,它为知识流动和技术创新提供了网络平台,同时它的组织特性又有利于促进知识流动和技术创新。知识流动和技术创新能够提升模块化分工水平,推动网络组织升级,化解模块化风险,从而增强模块化网络组织的竞争优势。本文引入企业知识理论,分析了模块化网络组织内部知识流动和技术创新的动态过程及其相互作用机制。     

How to learn new tasks: Shop floor performance effects of knowledge transfer and performance feedback

We investigate how learning and the task performance of individuals are affected by different forms of knowledge transfer. Whereas previous research has proven the positive performance impacts of knowledge transfer, self-observation and feedback mechanisms individually, we explore the cumulative effect of these factors on learning and performance. With the help of two laboratory experimental studies reproducing manufacturing tasks that are typical for industrial production, we show that explicit knowledge transfer is superior to other forms of knowledge transfer. Externally provided performance feedback in the form of cost information and non-financial performance indicators has no effect on the order of different forms of knowledge transfer. Moreover, external feedback does not even have an additional significant performance effect on learning new tasks irrespective of the type of knowledge transfer.     

基于知识转移视角的企业衍生过程分析

企业衍生是一种特殊的知识转移机制。本文从企业衍生在转移知识过程中的特殊性出发,把企业衍生的过程分为知识获取阶段、知识转移阶段、知识应用阶段三个阶段,建立基于知识转移视角的企业衍生过程的三阶段理论模型,并分别分析每个阶段的特殊的影响因素及其相互关系和作用方式。     

Knowledge transfer across permeable boundaries: An empirical study of clients’ decisions to involve management consultants

We investigate the relationship between the knowledge requirements of projects and clients’ decisions whether to procure services from external management consultants for the execution of these projects. Using data from interviews with client decision-makers regarding the execution of 86 projects, we find that knowledge requirements are strongly associated with the decision whether or not to involve external consultants. The results highlight the closeness of the relationships between clients and consultants, supporting Kitay and Wright's [Kitay, J., & Wright, C. (2004). Take the money and run? Organisational boundaries and consultants’ roles, The Service Industries Journal, 24(3) 1–18] view of the permeability of the boundaries between many client organizations and their consultants. The findings also confirm our expectation that clients use the services of external management consultants in order to procure functional or industry-specific knowledge which consultants can pool and apply efficiently across many projects.     

国际合资企业的知识管理研究——从外方母公司获取知识

国际合资企业的成功一直是跨国经营理论界和实践界共同关注的问题。基于知识的理论认为,从外方母公司获取知识是国际合资企业提高竞争力、获得成功的一个非常重要因素。本文重点分析了国际合资企业获取知识的理论基础、方法途径、具体过程和影响因素。同时,结合中外合资企业的经营实践,对于如何加强知识的学习、转移和创新,促进中外合资企业自身发展提出了建议。     

组织间知识转移对企业知识创新影响的研究

知识经济时代,企业的经营发展已不再仅仅依赖于自然资源、资本、劳动力等传统的生产要素,而是更多地依赖于知识的创造、吸收和利用。知识转移是指将一种情境下获取的知识应用于另一情境,是知识有效扩散和应用的一种形式,由于具有针对性更明确、知识获取成本较小、知识学习时间短等优势而受到越来越多企业的关注。从知识转移角度来研究企业的知识创新在理论和实践上都具有重要的意义。     

Knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations: An organizational culture perspective

This conceptual paper investigates the process of knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations from the perspective of organizational culture. The paper identifies obstacles to knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations and emphasizes the importance of organizational and project cultures in this process. The study provides some suggestions for improving knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations and notes the implications of the paper for project management.     

Knowledge Flows,Patent Citations and the Impact of Science on Technology

Technological innovation depends on knowledge developed by scientific research. The number of citations made in patents to the scientific literature has been suggested as an indicator of this process of transfer of knowledge from science to technology. We provide an intersectoral insight into this indicator, by breaking down patent citations into a sector-to-sector matrix of knowledge flows. We then propose a method to analyze this matrix and construct various indicators of science intensity of sectors, and the pervasiveness of knowledge flows. Our results indicate that the traditional measure of the number of citations to science literature per patent captures important aspects of intersectoral knowledge flows, but that other aspects are not captured. In particular, we show that high science intensity implies that sectors are net suppliers of knowledge in the economic sector, but that science intensity does not say much about pervasiveness of either knowledge use or knowledge supply by sectors. We argue that these results are related to the specific and specialized nature of knowledge.     

目标导向对知识收集与知识贡献行为的影响研究

本研究探讨了目标导向（学习目标导向和绩效目标导向）与知识共享行为（知识收集和知识贡献）之间的关系,同时探讨了任职时间对这些关系的调节作用。研究采集了169份来自香港的在职MBA学生的调查问卷,结果显示：（1）学习目标导向对知识收集行为具有正向关系;（2）学习目标导向对知识贡献行为具有正向关系;（3）绩效目标导向对知识收集具有正向关系,而和知识贡献之间无显著关系;（4）任职时间对关系（1）与关系（3）具有调节作用。     

企业知识类型及其相关研究

随着知识经济的兴起,知识管理受到越来越广泛的关注。作为提高企业核心竞争能能力的重要资源,隐性知识愈发显示其重要性。本文介绍了显性知识与隐性知识的研究现状,分析了现阶段隐性知识研究存在的问题,最后从组织管理、隐性知识交流环境、员工隐性知识挖掘、隐性知识传播等宏观和微观两个方面提出了隐性知识研究中存在问题的解决办法。     

跨文化环境下的知识共享策略

以往的知识共享研究都集中于共同文化背景下的知识共享;而当前企业越来越多地面临着跨文化环境下的知识共享问题。本文分析了跨文化环境的含义、来源与特征以及对知识共享的影响,并提出了跨文化环境下的知识共享策略。     

知识溢出:对研究脉络的基本回顾

自20世纪60年代以来知识溢出问题获得了大量研究,其研究成果主要来自经济学和区域与城市研究特别是经济地理学,本文对这两个学科在知识溢出方面的主要研究脉络进行了梳理,描述了经济学观察单元从企业转向空间的必然性,以及区域和城市研究对知识溢出问题研究的主要方面。     

An empirical investigation of the roles of prior knowledge and learning activities in technology transfer

This study analyzes 120 university–industry technology transfer projects. A significant positive relationship was found between the learning activities performed by the firm during the development and implementation stages of the technology transfer project and the benefits to that firm from the project. In contrast, prior knowledge of the firm about the existing technology was found to have only a marginal contribution to the project benefits. However, further exploratory analysis based on high and low levels of technical and organizational uncertainty revealed more provocative relationships.     

基于电子商务的企业知识管理策略研究

本文通过对知识管理与电子商务关景研究,分析知识管理对电子商务的作用,说明电子商务时代的企业面临商务环境发生改变,促使企业对管理模式进行变革,企业在实施电子商务实践中将会越来越重视知识管理。提出了实施电子商务的企业开展知识管理的对策。     

组织内知识共享的信任模型研究

随着知识经济时代的到来,知识管理已经成为学术界和企业界竞相关注的热点。在知识管理的相关研究中,知识共享和组织内部信任问题是研究的重点课题,但对两者的综合研究还不多见。本文在前人对知识共享和信任机制的研究基础上,整合两个概念,引入组织制度、认知因素、情感因素、信任倾向等影响因素,分析出一个全新的组织内知识共享的综合信任模型,希望能够帮助组织更好地理解信任机制,促进组织内知识共享行为。     

知识共享与企业技术创新能力分析

当今知识己经成为企业生存和发展的战略性资源,企业的知识水平、技术创新能力成为企业竞争的核心。为了赢得竞争地位,企业需要对各种知识进行有效的管理和利用。企业知识管理的核心是知识共享,因为通过知识共享可构造企业的知识优势。本文分析了企业知识积累和更新、知识共享过程以及智力资本与企业技术创新能力的提升问题。对这个问题的研究,能帮助我们更深刻地认识企业技术创新能力的知识特性,从而为今后从知识角度提升企业技术创新能力、构建技术创新能力体系打好根基。     

论基于业务流程的设计企业知识重组

本文从知识生成管理、知识积累管理、知识交流管理、知识应用管理等四个方面介绍了设计企业知识管理的特点,对设计企业业务流程知识管理的现状和存在的问题进行了分析,提出了基于业务流程知识重组的必要性.本文研究了设计企业业务流程的特点,并从横向知识重组、纵向知识重组两个角度阐述了设计企业知识重组的方法.结合业务流程知识重组的需要,提出了构建设计企业知识管理平台的基本模型.