新能源汽车市场需求分析

新能源汽车具有无污染、低噪声及节约能源等诸多优点,在我国推广多年,且国家的优惠福利政策不断,但其在我国的发展却并不明显。我国新能源汽车的发展还不完善,例如目标市场的不明确,存在诸多制约因素等问题。但作为汽车新四化的大趋势,新能源汽车的市场及发展前景都很可观。为了解决我国新能源汽车发展的弊端,文章提出了三点建议:制定统一的新能源汽车行业标准、完善新能源汽车的政策扶持制度、利用网络宣传新能源汽车以及政策。     

The Demand for Constitutional Law

A growing concern in transition economies is the gap between the law on the books and the law in practice. The existence of such a gap has long been recognized even in countries with a long legal tradition and where, by and large, the formal law seems to be observed. In transition economies as well as in many emerging markets and developing countries, this gap appears to be especially pronounced. This paper argues that an explanation for this phenomenon can be found in the process of law development in these countries. They have extensively imported law from other countries in an attempt to stage a catch-up in legal development. This was facilitated by foreign legal advisors preaching the existence and transferability of best practice in other parts of the world. The missing link in this equation has been the demand for law. This paper seeks to explain the meaning of the demand for law in the context of evolving Russian constitutional law drawing extensively from research on legal transplants and the lack of demand for law in other areas of the law.     

超额需求不连续时一般均衡分析的新路径

传统的证明一般均衡存在性的方法都必须以连续的超额需求函数为条件。本文提供一种新方法突破这一局限。一般均衡分析中的个人择优问题是一个非线性规划问题,本文用动态规划方法来处理这一非线性规划问题,从而就克服了不连续超额需求函数带来的困难。运用这一新方法,本文证明了超额需求函数不连续时的存在性。     

The Demand for Australian Rules Football*

Declining attendances at Australian Rules football games organized by the VFL recently have become the focus of much concern. An econometric analysis of the demand for football is presented, using annual average attendance data for the years 1950–86. It is found that increases in admission prices had a significant negative effect on demand, and increases in real income a positive impact. Amongst other variables of importance in explaining demand are lagged attendance and uncertainty of outcome. Elasticities of demand are calculated and it is shown how they might be used to predict attendance under different pricing scenarios.     

实践新发展观 发展消费需求

通过对当前实践科学发展观涉及的有关方面 ,特别是发展消费需求进行了相应的探讨。     

The Demand for Military Spending in Developing Countries

Numerous studies have estimated demand for military expenditure in terms of economic, political and strategic variables. Ten years after the end of the Cold War, this paper attempts to ascertain if the new strategic environment has changed the pattern of determinants, by estimating cross-country demand functions for developing countries for periods during and just after the Cold War. The results suggest that, for both periods, military burden depended on neighbours' military spending and internal and external conflict. Democracy and population both relate negatively to military burden. There is little evidence of a change in the underlying relationship between the periods.     

新能源汽车产业发展的政策支持

新能源汽车是低碳经济的必然选择,代表汽车产业的发展趋势。新能源汽车产业化发展的直接推动力就是国家的相关扶持政策。美国、日本和欧洲的发达国家对新能源汽车技术高度重视,从汽车技术变革和产业升级的战略出发,颁布了优惠的政策措施。中国新能源汽车产业的发展也在政府支持下开局、破局和蓬勃发展。     

中国内需拉动的关键难点与破解新思路

当前世界金融危机导致中国出口深幅回落,且较长时期内难以明显改善,惟有拉动内需才能稳定经济增长。而过去主要依靠投资拉动内需的增长方式已不可持续,居民消费便成为中国内需拉动的关键变量。居民消费启而不动,源于居民收入增长缓慢、社会保障体系不健全和房价过快上涨等制约因素。破解这一难题,必须转换宏观调控思路,通过短期缓解供需矛盾、中期改善居民预期和长期增加居民收入等政策组合来提振居民消费需求。     

The Demand for Information Services and the Market Structure

Uninformed buyers' demand for statistical screening between privately informed sellers is studied in a fixed price market. A single buyer will screen more extensively than would two or more buyers, since in the latter case buyers realize that sellers will be attracted to buyers with the most favorable screening policy (i.e., not to screen at all). This result is robust to some but not all types of modifications in the model. For instance, information quality differences in the sense of Blackwell will reinforce this effect. Furthermore, in equilibrium only the best information service will be used. Received April 17, 2001; revised version received January 24, 2002 Published online: November 11, 2002     

The Demand for Water by Single-Metered and Group-Metered Households

This paper examines water consumption in group-metered households. A utility-maximising model is developed in which the marginal price schedule is approximated by a polynomial function of water consumption. The model is modified to allow for an incentive for group-metered households to consume more water than if they were separately metered. This occurs if households do not expect their own increase in water consumption to be matched by other households sharing the meter, so that part of the marginal cost of water is shifted to other households. Estimates using Western Australian data are, however, unable to detect any significant effect of this kind, perhaps because the price response itself is small.     

扩大内需的税收政策取向

目前 ,我国扩大内需的最大障碍是有效需求不足 ,为此 ,中央采取了积极的财政政策 ,并努力发挥货币政策的作用 ,综合运用多种手段调控经济运行。但由于我国经济长期处于“短缺”状态 ,许多宏观政策包括税收政策 ,其目的是防止过渡的投资需求和消费需求引起的通货膨胀。控制投资和消费 ,防止经济过热。本文分析了在积极财政政策对经济活动效果不够明显的背景下 ,提出了调整现行税收政策的建议 ,以适应扩大内需 ,促进经济增长。     

电子商务对企业制度创新的要求

本文在探讨企业制度及其创新的含义的基础上,从企业生产模式、生产规模、竞争关系、经营方式、经营管理等方面分析了电子商务对企业生产经营的影响,阐述了电子商务对企业制度创新的具体要求,即要求企业具备快速响应能力,要求企业之间以及企业与消费者之间保持多赢竞争格局,要求企业具备占有与利用信息的能力.     

The Demand for Water: Consumer Response to Scarcity

Provision of water raises several issues for municipal utility companies and other suppliers, including reliability of supply in arid regions or during droughts, equity issues that arise because water is literally a necessity, and heterogeneity in consumer response to regulatory policy. We combine experimental and survey responses to investigate demand for water. The experiments simulate water consumption from a potentially exhaustible source, revealing heterogeneous demand for water. We estimate econometrically water demand for different consumer groups. A regulator could use estimates of disaggregated demand to attain conservation goals by designing an incentive compatible pricing system. The example given achieves a conservation goal while minimizing enforcement costs and welfare loss.     

Consumer Inventory and Demand for Storable Goods: New Evidence from a Consumer Survey

In this study, I provide new evidence on consumer inventory from a unique survey on the purchase and inventory of a storable product. I confirm that the predictions regarding the correlations between the key variables of purchase probability, purchase quantity and inventory derived from the standard dynamic models of consumer inventory are consistent with the data. Furthermore, I find that the amount of daily consumption varies within a household across time and depends on inventory holding. The evidence does not conform to a constant consumption rate, which studies often assume for tractability.     

我国节能汽车进入美国市场的机遇

本文分析了当前美国的汽车市场走向,认为美国汽车市场正处于结构调整的关键时期,混合动力汽车市场增长迅速。我国与发达国家在节能汽车领域的差距正在迅速缩小,应该抓住机遇进入美国市场,争取在新一轮世界汽车工业竞争格局变化中取得有利地位。     

The Demand for Money in Canada: A Cointegration Analysis

In this Paper, using the techniques in cointegration theory, we find strong support for the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among money demand variables in Canada. Additionally, when the conventional partial adjustment model (PAM) is compared to the two-stage error correction model (ECM), the latter approach is found to perform better, with M2+ showing better results than M2. Our results are also found to be in line with other studies from the U.K. and the U.S.A. These findings provide rationale for further in-depth studies on broader monetary aggregates to formulate sound monetary policy in Canada. [E41]     

劳动合同违约责任亟需立法规制

《劳动合同法》已列入我国人大立法规划 ,其起草工作正在进行。违约责任作为法定必备条款 ,现行立法显现抽象笼统 ,极不利于劳动合同的履行。劳动合同违约责任亟待立法规制 ,诸如定金、违约金、赔偿金等条款亟待明确厘定。     

2011年我国乘用车市场面临的新形势及政策调整方向

2010年我国乘用车市场保持较快增长,多项刺激政策起到关键的支撑作用。随着刺激政策的逐步退出,预计乘用车市场在2011年将进入调整期,需求将保持较低的增速,供大于求的市场矛盾将更加突出。在新的形势下,我国乘用车消费的相关政策须进行适当调整,将短期政策与长期政策相结合,具体目标与多元目标相结合,合理限制与鼓励发展相结合,从而降低市场运行的风险,促进产业持续健康发展。     

后危机时代我国发展新能源汽车的SWOT分析

新能源汽车是当今世界汽车工业发展的方向.在后危机时代,世界汽车工业开始调整产业结构并踏上振兴之路,这也是我国汽车工业实现健康、快速、持续发展的关键时刻.从后危机时代我国发展新能源汽车是低碳必然选择和能源现实选择出发,通过SWOT分析表明我国发展新能源汽车优势与劣势并存,机遇与威胁同在.在此基础上,提出后危机时代我国发展新能源汽车的对策与建议.