项目管理软件系统的功能、分类和发展趋势

目前项目管理软件系统如雨后春笋般涌现出来，一方面使软件有更大的选择空间，另一方面也给软件的选择带来了困难。基于这一原因，章分析了目前项目管理软件的系统的功能、分类及其发展趋势，以利于需求选择项目管理软件系统。     

Workplace Industrial Relations under Different Regulatory Systems: A Survey-Based Comparison of Australia and Britain

The focus of the paper is upon the extent to which different national regulatory systems give rise to different institutions and outcomes at the workplace. It uses data from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and the third British Workplace Industrial Relations Survey to examine a number of hypotheses which suggest that the different regulatory systems of these countries have produced distinct patterns of industrial relations at the workplace. It is concluded that, while there is substantial evidence that the countries' different regulatory systems have had distinct effect on industrial relations institutions and outcomes, these are not as straight forward as earlier work has suggested.     

One country,two systems: contrasting approaches to telecommunications deregulation in Hong Kong China

Telecommunications deregulation strategies have been self-evidently different in Hong Kong and China due to differences existing in political and economic systems. This paper will provide an overview of contemporary trends in telecommunications deregulation in these two territories. Comparisons will be drawn between the two systems with regard to ownership, foreign direct investment, respective regulatory frameworks and the government’s perseverance in propelling deregulation. The study clearly indicates that the shared goal of deregulation can be reached at different rates by different routes (‘policy paths’) dependent on situational contingencies.     

A Critical Assessment of the High-Performance Paradigm

This paper assesses research on the effects of high‐performance systems on employer, worker and union outcomes. It concludes that, compared with what has long been thought of as good management practice, claims that these systems yield superior performance outcomes may be unwarranted, and their implications for both workers and unions are at best uncertain. Conventional explanations for these findings are found to be insufficient. Alternative explanations involving the nature of the employment relation are proposed, and the need for an alternative paradigm, which promotes legal and institutional reforms, is established.     

设立独立董事的效果分析--来自中国上市公司独立董事的问卷调查

针对我国设立独立董事制度的种种疑难，基于国内外理论和实证研究设立独立董事效果面临的各种问题．相关文献资料得到不同的甚至是相互矛盾冲突的结论，本文通过问卷调查从另一角度来审视这些问题。通过对独立董事设立的效果、独立董事最担心的风险、独立董事发挥作用的有效条件、独立董事的薪酬待遇、影响独立董事发挥作用和导致独立董事辞职等重要因素的问卷调查和分析，有助于从内生和外生因素的角度来理解报酬、独立性、成本、风险、激励机制和外部环境因素对独立董事作用与效果的影响。     

A failed panopticon: surveillance of nursing practice via new technology

New technology being introduced into nursing makes possible the surveillance of practice via an 'electronic panopticon'. This paper reports on a qualitative study of these systems in the UK NHS, where the attempt to monitor nursing practice failed, not least due to the complexities of nursing culture and practice at ward level.     

Resource orchestration in practice: CEO emphasis on SHRM,commitment‐based HR systems,and firm performance

In order to be effective, managers at all levels of the firm must engage in resource management activities, and these efforts are synchronized and orchestrated by top management. Using a specific type of strategic resource, commitment‐based human resource systems, we examine the effect of CEO resource orchestration in a multi‐industry sample of 190 Korean firms. Our results demonstrate that CEO emphasis on strategic HRM is a significant antecedent to commitment‐based HR systems. Furthermore, our results also suggest that CEO emphasis on strategic HRM has its primary effects on firm performance through commitment‐based HR systems. This finding underscores the importance of middle managers in operationalizing top management's strategic emphasis, lending empirical support to a fundamental tenet of resource orchestration arguments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The structure of telephone tariffs

This paper compares the structure of telephone tariffs adopted by three types of organisation: government-owned systems responsible for both posts and telephones, government-owned systems responsible for telephones alone, and privately-owned telephone systems. It is found that privately-owned systems are significantly more likely to adopt three or more peak-load pricing periods. They are also more likely to differentiate tariffs by category of subscriber, and to offer lower rates for shared lines, but these differences are only significant if private telephone systems are compared with government systems responsible for both posts and telephones. Postal responsibility alone has little or no effect on these aspects of tariffs. The paper thus provides limited support for the view that ownership systematically affects behaviour.     

The effects of technology-mediated communication on industrial buyer behavior

Sellers are embracing technology-mediated sales communication tools such as videoconferencing systems, cellular phones, web sites, and electronic data interchange (EDI) systems in an attempt to control selling costs while maintaining the personal touch. What is unclear at this point, however, is if investment in communication technology actually pays dividends for industrial suppliers. This research explores the topic by examining the effects of buyer satisfaction with the adoption of technology-mediated communication (STMC) on channel partner relationships. STMC is found to have significant, positive, direct effects on future intentions (FI). Furthermore, these effects are found to be partially mediated by trust and commitment.     

MRP: A tool for product and sales management

One of the most important developments in the area of production and inventory control in recent years is the structuring and application of overall systems to control the flow of work and materials through the plant. The important aspects of these new systems are discussed below, as well as the benefits that such systems can provide. Attention is given to the opportunities that such systems afford the marketing function, in the context of product and sales management.     

Intelligent knowledge based systems (IKBS): organisational implications

Many factors other than technology can influence the forms of work organisation at several key stages during the process of change. This article discusses developments in the design of intelligent knowledge-based systems (IKBS) and argues that these new forms of computerisation will undermine the position of a number of management functions in the enterprise.     

Regulating Labour Standards via Supply Chains: Combining Public/Private Interventions to Improve Workplace Compliance

Concern over global labour standards has led to a profusion of non‐governmental forms of regulation. Systematic evaluation of these systems has been very limited to date. This article empirically explores an innovative system to regulate labour standards in the US garment industry combining public enforcement power and private monitoring, thereby drawing on different elements of global labour standards systems. We examine the impact of this system over time and in two distinct markets on employer compliance with minimum wage laws and find that these initiatives are associated with substantial reductions in minimum wage violations. The system therefore offers a useful model for international labour standards regulatory systems.     

Change and diversity in smallholder rice–fish systems: Recent evidence and policy lessons from Bangladesh

Efforts to unlock the genetic potential of both rice and fish, when combined with improvements in the management of rice–fish systems, can potentially increase agricultural productivity and food security in some of the poorest and most populous countries in Asia. In Bangladesh, estimates suggest that the country’s potential rice–fish production system encompasses 2–3 million hectares of land. But despite three decades of research on biophysical and technical aspects of rice–fish systems, this potential has not been fully realized due to insufficient attention given to the social, economic, and policy dimensions of rice–fish system improvement. This paper provides a characterization of the diverse and changing nature of rice–fish systems in Bangladesh to shed new light on the economic viability of different rice–fish systems and recommend policy and investment options to accelerate the development of appropriate rice–fish technologies. Data are drawn from a novel subdistrict-level survey of fishery officers, a household/enterprise survey, focus group discussions, and a meta-review of the literature on aquaculture in the country, all of which were conducted in 2010–2011. Findings indicate that concurrent rice–fish systems, alternating rice–fish systems, and collectively managed systems offer considerable potential for increasing productivity and farm incomes in Bangladesh. Findings also suggest that while innovation in these rice–fish systems is being driven by households and communities, there is need for more supportive government policies and investments to enable further innovation. Policymakers need to develop effective regulations to promote feed and fish quality and quantity, for example. More rigorous analysis of the intended and unintended impacts of these policies and investments is also necessary.     

Mapping the values in B2B relationships: A systemic, knowledge-based perspective

The management of an enduring relationship between provider and supplier has at its heart an implicit interaction between the valuation systems of the counterparts. We take the view that this interaction is conveniently understood through the lens of knowledge management. Knowledge management informs our treatment of business to business relationships through two mechanisms. It helps us manage better the dissemination and co-creation of knowledge in an organisation and new work in the mapping of knowledge allows us to represent the knowledge aspects of a relationship in a way which allows us to manage it better.We present, therefore, an approach to allow the specific representation of these valuation systems and their interaction, using a case study of the marketing of a nuclear submarine programme to a government. A conclusion is that structures which support the co-creation of knowledge between the companies is critical to winning the contract and we indicate how this co-creation can be engendered.     

Strategic orientation and top management attention to control systems

Management control systems are viewed typically as management-by-exception tools for implementing intended strategies. This study provides a different perspective by focusing on the way that top managers use specific control systems to focus organizational attention on strategic uncertainties and thereby guide the development of new strategic initiatives. Analysis of field-based data from 30 businesses in the U.S. health care products industry is used to develop a model and propositions that distinguish between interactive and diagnostic control systems, and illustrate the selective use of these systems in different strategic contexts.     

Improved Metrics for Workplace Dispute Resolution Procedures: Efficiency,Equity, and Voice

Many debates surround systems for resolving workplace disputes. In the United States, traditional unionized grievance procedures, emerging nonunion dispute resolution systems, and the court‐based system for resolving employment law disputes have all been criticized. What is missing from these debates are rich metrics beyond speed and satisfaction for comparing and evaluating dispute resolution systems. In this paper, we develop efficiency, equity, and voice as these standards. Unionized, nonunion, and employment law procedures are then qualitatively evaluated against these three metrics.     

Uniform accounting system for state-owned enterprises: The case of Taiwan

This article describes the uniform accounting system adopted by government enterprises in Taiwan. Several key elements of the system including the uniform chart of accounts, uniform accounting procedures, and external financial reports are discussed. Some unique accounting practices and special accounts used in the system are also described. The system is compared with the French and Norwegian uniform accounting systems. Similarities and differences among these systems are highlighted. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Taiwanese accounting system.The authors are respectively Associate Professor of Accounting at the University of Calgary and Professor and Chairman of the Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan Institute of Technology. They are grateful to Professors Herbert L. Jensen and Haim Falk for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper.     

Defining inventory control points in multiproduct stochastic pull systems

Multistage pull production systems have been widely implemented in recent years and constitute a significant aspect of lean manufacturing. One of the important considerations in such systems is identifying the control points, i.e. where in the multistage sequence to locate the output buffers. Allowable container/batch sizes, optimal inventory levels, and ability of systems to automatically adjust to stochastic demand depend on the location of these control points yet the issue of optimal location has not been widely addressed. This paper considers a multiproduct pull setting where part types compete with each other for common production resources. In this environment it is important to consider factors such as lead time variability and to include the corresponding queuing aspects into the model. Each workstation is modeled as a GI/G/1 queue. Waiting times spent by parts at workstations are approximated using a decomposition/recomposition algorithm. Necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for the optimality of a single control point. Conditions under which multiple control points are optimal are investigated along with the impact of product mix and utilization parameters on the number of control points. Analytical model results are validated by simulation.     

The co-development of innovative projects in CoPS activities

While CoPS literature extensively covers how suppliers use modularity and systems integration to innovate, it fails at providing insights on the marketing and sales processes supporting innovation. We aim to contribute at filling this gap by comparing the contrasted approaches developed by two suppliers to integrate an innovative sustainable demand related to a tramway project. Based on analytical grid derived from CoPS, project marketing and solutions literature, our in-depth case analysis enables to propose a preliminary model for the co-development of innovative projects in CoPS activities. Our findings capitalize on these complementary research streams and contribute an integrated model of the marketing and sales processes supporting CoPS innovation.