Coordination of efforts in disaster relief supply chains: the moderating role of resource scarcity and redundancy

Connecting to the ongoing conversation on the importance of effective coordination, in this paper, we empirically examine the impact of key theoretical modes of coordination, i.e. resource sharing, standardisation of operations, and synchronisation in disaster relief supply chains, on the performance of the humanitarian organisations. Survey data are collected from 101 humanitarian organisations in the emerging countries within Southeast Asia. Data are used to test a conceptually developed model, using structural equation modelling–partial least square (SEM-PLS) approach. The results reveal the significant impact of resource sharing and standardisation on performance outcomes in terms of resources used, responsiveness, and flexibility, while resource sharing is highly weakened by resource scarcity and redundancy. The managerial implication and recommendations are concluded for further research.     

长株潭城市群区域协同物流体系的构建

根据城市群区域经济一体化发展的要求,在分析长株潭城市群区域物流体系建设中存在的问题的基础上,阐述了长株潭城市群区域协同物流体系构建的必要性,提出了该城市群区域协同物流体系构建的框架与对策。     

武汉城市圈港口物流园区协同研究

介绍了港口物流园区的研究现状,提出了港口物流园区的研究方向,以武汉"1 8"城市圈获批"资源节约型和环境友好型"(简称"两型社会")国家级综合配套改革试验区为背景,利用协同学研究城市圈港口物流园区协同,提出港口物流园区的协同模式与方法。     

Sustainable humanitarian supply chain management – exploring new theory

Disaster response operations aim at helping as many victims as possible in the shortest time, with limited consideration of the socio-economic context. During the disaster rehabilitation phase, the perspective needs to broaden and comprehensively take into account the local environment. We propose a framework of sustainable humanitarian supply chain management (SCM) that facilitates such comprehensive performance. We conceptualise the framework by combining literature from the fields of sustainable and humanitarian SCM. We test the framework through an analytic induction process by means of multiple case studies of four relief organisations. Our framework suggests that supply chain design needs to be aligned not only to relief organisations’ enablers, but also to the population's long-term requirements as well as any socio-economic and governmental contingency factors. A good fit between these dimensions leads to sustainable performance. The framework provides an instrument for relief organisations to achieve sustainable performance in the disaster rehabilitation phase.     

产业集群与区域物流网络空间系统演化机理研究

产业集群是区域经济发展的增长极、区域经济产业结构升级和发展的内在动力;区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分,在一定程度上具有主导性地位的产业作用。文中通过对产业集群发展演化过程的分析,探讨区域产业集群在不同阶段对区域物流网络系统的要求;同时,从区域物流网络空间系统演化过程探讨其对区域产业集群演化发展的作用;进而,从产业集群与区域物流网络空间系统相互作用的关系,分析两者相互作用的机理;在此基础上,提出区域物流网络系统空间布局规划的创新思路,即从区域物流空间系统演化的规律进行规划和布局以及从产业集群发展角度进行规划和布局等,以指导我国区域物流网络空间系统的布局规划。     

Social Order in a Fragile State: Rio's Favelas

A peculiar social order exists in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, where the drug factions that control them permit humanitarian activity which curbs drug use and faction affiliation. This article provides an institutional perspective on faction control of the favelas where a lack of government presence fosters faction legitimacy among residents. Allowing humanitarian organisations to operate in the favelas creates common knowledge among residents within a large coordination game where factions signal a desire to cooperate. Legitimisation among residents improves faction profits, while residents benefit from ‘law and order’, public services and public goods that are not provided by the state.     

On the unique features of post-disaster humanitarian logistics

Logistic activity can be thought of as a socio-technical process whereby a social network of individuals orchestrates a series of technical activities using supporting systems such as transportation and communications. To understand the functioning of the entire system requires proper consideration of all its components. We identify seven key components: the objectives being pursued, the origin of the commodity flows to be transported, knowledge of demand, the decision-making structure, periodicity and volume of logistic activities, and the state of the social networks and supporting systems. Based on our analysis of the differences between commercial and humanitarian logistics, we pinpoint research gaps that need to be filled to enhance both the efficiency of humanitarian logistics and the realism of the mathematical models designed to support it.We argue that humanitarian logistics is too broad a field to fit neatly into a single definition of operational conditions. At one end of the spectrum we find humanitarian logistic efforts of the kind conducted in long-term disaster recovery and humanitarian assistance, where operational efficiency – akin to commercial logistics – is a prime consideration. At the other, post-disaster humanitarian logistic operations involved in disaster response and short-term recovery activities represent a vastly different operational environment, often in chaotic settings where urgent needs, life-or-death decisions and scarce resources are the norm. The huge contrast between these operational environments requires that they be treated separately.     

Cross-Sectoral Coordination of Disaster Relief

Abstract

Coordinating organizational activity across different sectors is crucial in disaster management. We analysed the response of 291 aid workers to the Haiti earthquake in 2010 and found that common incentives and a high degree of equality among aid organizations positively affected perceived network coordination. Large and public organizations were more likely to take leadership roles and high numbers of public organizations involved in the disaster response network led to improved network coordination. These results indicate the need for mechanisms that enable smaller and non-profit organizations to participate in network coordination and leadership.     

Aligning organisational interests in designing rail-wagon tracking

The paper investigates the design and implementation of rail-wagon tracking to align the interests of rail-track owners, rail operators and third-party logistics service providers. The investigation identifies design actions to enable beneficial uses for the different rail-wagon tracking participants in a railway logistics system. Design science is used as the overall research approach. The findings are derived in the context of three organisations involved in an automotive railway logistics system. Data on the perceptions and interests of the parties is collected using the case-study methodology. Our findings indicate how rail-wagon tracking can be used to improve the efficiency of rail transport operators’ maintenance operations and potentially decrease wear and tear on rail tracks owned by the government authority. These anticipated benefits have motivated the transport authority in the case setting to make investments in more intelligent infrastructure, providing a platform for future material-flow tracking by logistics companies.     

广州市物流业与制造业复合系统协调度评价

随着粤港澳大湾区的建设、产业结构调整的背景下,广州市物流业与制造业的协调发展变得更为艰巨。物流业与制造业的复合系统是由两个不同属性的子系统复合而成的复杂大系统,其协调性也应该由各子系统的发展状态因子而决定。文章分析广州市2008～2018年两业发展的数据,从规模性、经营性和发展性三方面建立系统协调度评价指标体系,根据协同理论构建物流业与制造业复合系统协调度模型并实证分析。结果显示,广州市两业发展协调度不高,制造业对物流业带动作用有限,物流业对制造业的支撑作用也不显著。广州市应加强政府引导、科学规划;树立制造企业现代物流理念,提升物流业服务水平;建立健全电子信息平台,推进"互联网+"发展模式,实现产业价值链升级;完善基础设施与集疏运体系建设;加强人才培养等,从而推动两业的协调发展。     

Contrasting FOR and WITH factor chains: The case of material supply chains and human factor chains in Guatemalan nongovernmental organizations

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have varied success in meeting the challenges of disasters in Antigua, Guatemala. This research uses the TO–FOR–WITH model based on nine criteria that separate surviving NGOs from transient NGOs. Two Guatemalan NGOs, Corazon de los Nino and Sonidos para la Vida, are used to validate the model. The two NGOs differ on three of the nine criteria in the TO–FOR–WITH model. Corazon meets all nine criteria and is considered a WITH organization using local sources for employment, supplies, and logistics. Sonidos is a FOR organization because it falls short in the three categories of bilateral communication, residual intelligence, and post hoc deployment. The criteria were found to distinguish the two NGOs in meaningful ways. However, two cases are not sufficient for theory building. We distinguish between factor chains and material supply chains, a distinction that is especially salient for humanitarian services, which are the primary offerings of many NGOs. No prior studies have tested this recent model and no previous studies have addressed the distinction between material supply chains and factor chains. Additional research is needed including expanding to other NGOs, other countries, and other settings.     

基于CAS的企业物流系统分析

企业物流系统是由人、财、物、信息等基本要素构成的,具有系统的一般共性。文中重点介绍了企业物流系统是一个复杂适应系统(CAS),具有:自组织性;涌现性;主体的聚集、分裂和行为模式协调性;动态性;非线性和协调性。并且提出了针对企业物流系统发展的一些政策性建议。     

基于谱系分析的产业集群与区域物流系统协作模式研究

在阐述产业集群和区域物流系统结构和特征的基础上,首先剖析了产业集群的物流需求,其次论述了区域物流对于产业集群的支撑作用,重点借助谱系分析的方法分析了产业集群与区域物流系统的协作模式。     

非常态下敏捷物流体系的协同机制构建研究

非常态下,敏捷物流日益引起重视,但是在敏捷物流体系中引入协同要素分析的研究仍是少数。基于多元主体与客体,构建由政府应急管理部门、物流流通企业、交通运输部门、物流接收终端多元主体及资金流、信息流、物流多元客体组成的协同机制,借助Vensim平台对机制进行系统动力学仿真。通过仿真结果得出物流流通主体对整个协同运行起主要影响作用,且物资入库率、配送车辆投入量是重要影响因素,同时,政府扶持力度的大小会直接影响应急人才及物资的投入费用。该机制能够提升非常态下敏捷物流体系的协同能力,对非常态下敏捷物流体系优化有决策支持和指导意义。     

基于产业集群化的东北亚区域物流一体化整合模式研究

根据区域物流的特征及产业集群的特点,通过整合以集群化为模式的东北亚区域物流,建立起高效的物流系统和物流运作模式,从而保证我国东北亚区域物流一体化的健康和可持续发展。     

生态系统视角下的物流产业集群创新体系研究--以天津市为例

首先基于生态学理论、产业集群技术创新理论,界定物流产业集群创新生态系统的内涵与特征,从产业核心层、技术核心层、辅助创新层和创新环境层构建物流产业集群创新生态系统结构模型,分析其创新协同进化机制;然后构建物流产业集群创新生态系统评价指标体系,应用熵值-TOPSIS方法对天津物流产业集群创新发展进行实证分析。研究发现:天津物流产业集群创新发展水平处于规模递增阶段,但存在规模效率过低、创新要素投入不足等问题;最后提出相应对策建议,对提升区域物流产业集群创新发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Models and metrics to assess humanitarian response capacity

The race to meet vital needs following sudden onset disasters leads response organizations to establish stockpiles of inventory that can be deployed immediately. These government or non-government organizations dynamically make stockpile decisions independently. Even though the value of one organization's stock deployment is contingent on others' decisions, decision makers lack evidence regarding sector capacity to assess the marginal contribution (positive or negative) of their action. To our knowledge, there exist no metrics describing the system capacity across many agents to respond to disasters. To address this gap, our analytical approach yields new humanitarian logistics metrics based on stochastic optimization models. Our study incorporates empirical data on inventory stored by various organizations in United Nations facilities and in their own warehouses to offer practical insights regarding the current humanitarian response capabilities and strategies. By repositioning inventory already deployed, the system could respond to disasters in the same expected time with a range of 7.4%–20.0% lower cost for the items in our sample.     

区域性物流产业集聚区发展规划研究

现代物流服务体系的建设重点在于物流产业集聚区的建设与规划,在分析物流网络体系的基础上,明晰物流产业集聚区的内涵、规划原则和规划重点。以新沂市物流产业集聚区为案例,探讨区域性物流产业集聚区规划中的市场需求预测、战略愿景、规划目标、产业导向和重点项目。     

区域物流系统协调发展评价研究

基于复杂系统角度对区域物流系统协调发展进行研究,采用定量研究与定性研究相结合的方法,构建区域物流系统协调发展评价指标体系及模型,对区域物流系统的协调发展进行评价,为区域物流系统分析提供理论指导。并进一步为完善我国区域物流系统协调发展研究的体系,促进区域经济可持续发展研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

欠发达地区物流与区域经济发展协同度评价模型

为测度区域物流与区域经济的协同发展水平,在分析区域物流与区域经济发展协同效应的基础上,从系统分析的角度选取反映物流基础设施、物流发展规模、物流发展潜力的12个区域物流子系统的序参量和反映经济结构、经济总量和经济效益的11个区域经济子系统的序参量,应用系统协同度测度序参量方法,构建区域物流与区域经济发展的协同度评价模型,并将模型应用于黑龙江区域物流与区域经济协同发展水平测度。结果表明,黑龙江区域物流与区域经济协同度呈增减交替的M型发展趋势,总体处于低水平协同状态。