基于战略风险管理模式下的养老保险公司风险管理分析

战略风险管理模式是金融企业比较流行的一种全面风险管理模型。本文在分析养老保险公司业务经营及风险管理特殊性的基础上,应用战略风险管理基本思想,提出了当前形势下养老保险公司风险管理的核心问题,并对公司目前面临的风险类别、风险因素以及风险管控措施进行了分析研究。     

高度重视风险防范促进保险业健康发展

2008年以来国际金融危机的发生,对很多国家金融业形成重创,保险业也受到了很大影响。反观国内保险业,近年来带有投资性质的保险衍生产品的无序扩张也造成一些结构性的矛盾和问题,影响着整个行业的稳定健康发展。同时,市场经济的发展也对保险业提出了新的要求。保险业应坚持保险产品保障本质,促进产品结构调整优化;坚持保险投资安全原则,确保保险资金稳健运用;重视发挥风险预防功能,推动现代保险业的发展;发挥商业保险专业优势,承担社会保障重要责任。     

The interplay between risk adjustment and risk rating in voluntary health insurance

Many regulated health insurance markets include risk adjustment (aka risk equalization) to mitigate selection incentives for insurers. Empirical studies on the design and evaluation of risk-adjustment algorithms typically focus on mandatory health insurance schemes. This paper considers risk adjustment in the context of voluntary health insurance, as found in Chile, Ireland, and Australia. In addition to the challenge of mitigating selection by insurers, regulators of these voluntary schemes have to deal with selection by consumers in and out of the market. A strategy for mitigating selection by consumers is to apply some form of risk rating. Our paper shows how risk adjustment and risk rating interact: (1) risk rating reduces the need for risk adjustment and (2) risk adjustment reduces premium variation across rating factors, thereby increasing incentives for consumers to select in and out of the market.     

Risk selection in the London political risk insurance market: the role of tacit knowledge,trust and heuristics

This study demonstrates that the basis of decision-making and risk selection in the London Political Risk Insurance (PRI) market is a combination of Art and Science with such factors as trust and reputation playing an important role. The study breaks new ground by uncovering and examining different methods and strategies of political risk underwriting employed in the insurance market, which does not rely on statistical tools as seen in more traditional insurance types. Adopting a grounded theory approach, the data was generated through 14 semi-structured and unstructured interviews conducted with PRI experts from five PRI companies and two leading political risk broking houses. The data also included documentation reviews and observations.     

论保险的本质与保险业在金融行业中的角色定位

保险的本质是以资金解决了经济社会运行过程中要素的短缺与需求之间的矛盾,实现了风险的分散和财富的调剂,保障了经济社会生活的稳定运行。从保险的本质出发,明确保险业在金融行业中的角色定位,是保险业实现科学发展的前提。在当前经济金融环境不确定因素增加,行业发展尚不充分的情况下,保险业偏离保障发展方向可能带来潜在的风险。只有坚持保险保障的发展方向,立足于专业化经营,不断创新,进一步加强监管,才能真正实现保险事业又好又快的科学发展。     

我国区域社会保障与商业保险协调度研究

本文构建了社会保障与商业保险协调度模型,定量研究了社会保障与商业保险的关系,并对模型进行了改进。结果显示:2005年~2010年我国绝大多数省份的协调等级都处于勉强协调和濒临失调的过渡区间,只有北京、山西、辽宁、上海和重庆在最近几年基本达到了初级协调,并且大部分省市的滞后类型为商业保险滞后型。基于上述分析,本文提出了促进社会保障与商业保险进一步协调发展的相关建议。     

The impact of enterprise risk management on the marginal cost of reducing risk: Evidence from the insurance industry

We test the hypothesis that practicing enterprise risk management (ERM) reduces firms’ cost of reducing risk. Adoption of ERM represents a radical paradigm shift from the traditional method of managing risks individually to managing risks collectively allowing ERM-adopting firms to better recognize natural hedges, prioritize hedging activities towards the risks that contribute most to the total risk of the firm, and optimize the evaluation and selection of available hedging instruments. We hypothesize that these advantages allow ERM-adopting firms to produce greater risk reduction per dollar spent. Our hypothesis further predicts that, after implementing ERM, firms experience profit maximizing incentives to lower risk. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that firms adopting ERM experience a reduction in stock return volatility. We also find that the reduction in return volatility for ERM-adopting firms becomes stronger over time. Further, we find that operating profits per unit of risk (ROA/return volatility) increase post ERM adoption.     

The pricing of deposit insurance in the presence of systematic risk

Based on the Merton (1977) put option framework, we develop a deposit insurance pricing model that incorporates asset correlations, a measurement for the systematic risk of a bank, to account for the risk of joint bank failures. Estimates from our model suggest that actuarially fair risk-based deposit insurance that considers only individual bank failure risk is underpriced, leaving insurance providers exposed to net losses. Our estimates also capture the size premium where big banks are priced with higher deposit insurance than small banks. This result is particularly relevant to the current regulatory concerns on big banks that are too-big-to-fail. Above all, our approach provides a unifying framework for integrating risk-based deposit insurance with risk-based Basel capital requirements.     

从保险消费观视角分析我国保险业的发展

对正确保险消费观的研究,不仅对我国保险消费者的消费行为具有重要的指导意义,而且对于完善我国保险市场,实现我国保险业的科学发展亦有十分重要的作用。正确保险消费观,是以风险转移为先,以购买经济保障为本,以互助共济为己任,以最大诚信为最高准则,以保险作为生存必须品,以可持续消费为目标的保险消费理念体系。保险保障形式是整个保障体系中最普遍、最经常、最基础和最重要的防灾救灾形式,它和社会保障共同处于整个防灾救灾体系的基础地位。     

The effect of predation risk on cash holdings: Empirical evidence from the U.S. property‐liability insurance industry

Corporate cash holdings play a significant role in the U.S. property‐liability insurance industry yet the topic of insurer cash holdings policy has largely been overlooked by prior empirical research. While a number of studies have investigated firm‐specific factors related to cash holdings in the insurance industry, prior research has not examined how market concentration and potential predation risk impact cash holdings. We propose a new measure of market concentration and provide evidence in support of the predation risk theory. Specifically, we show that insurers exposed to more concentrated markets tend to hold more cash. Furthermore, the relation between market concentration and cash holdings is influenced by access to internal capital. While unaffiliated insurers without access to internal capital hold greater levels of cash in more concentrated markets, group insurers with access to internal capital do not hold greater levels of cash to mitigate predation risk.     

论建立我国网络信息安全保险体系

互联网的广泛应用在促进世界交流与发展的同时也给信息资产安全带来隐患,我国网络信息安全保险体系尚未建立。本文首先从信息资产重要性和国外相关实践等方面分析了建立我国网络信息安全保险体系的必要性,对网络信息安全保险风险管理的特点和步骤进行构思,探讨如何在当前的市场环境中从政策、监管、法律、人才培养、技术合作和产品研发创新等角度推进我国网络信息安全保险体系的建立。     

论我国信用保险业的经济周期管理

本文尝试从经济周期的角度看待本轮危机给我国信用保险行业带来的启示。首先研究了经济周期性波动中信用风险水平的变化,进而引申说明经济周期对信用保险行业的市场需求和风险水平都具有深刻的影响。其次,提出了信用保险行业要在经济的周期性波动中保持稳定经营必须面对的挑战,其中特别说明了官方支持的信用保险机构的独特之处。最后,对我国信用保险机构如何开展经济周期管理提出了若干建议。     

The new political importance of the old hurricane risk: a contextual approach to understanding contemporary struggles with hurricane risk and insurance

In the United States, policy-makers struggle to resolve conflict between public demands for affordable insurance costs covering hurricanes and market demands for risk-based insurance pricing. Given the socially constructed nature of risk, a risk-based pricing approach prioritizes insurer values and business practices over all societal value goals expressly limiting democratic inclusion in decision-making about risk. As a step towards the more democratically inclusive approach of risk governance, this article uses the state of Florida as a case study to provide a narrative of the social and political context for the evolution of the idea of U.S. hurricane risk. I argue that today’s hurricane risk is a product of long-standing shared efforts to build prosperity. However, it is no longer a simple risk for society to overcome on its way to economic well-being. Contemporary hurricane risk is systemic and serves as a nexus for political battles over American values.     

Accessibility of flood risk insurance in the UK: confusion,competition and complacency

Flood risk insurance can be an effective tool in assisting the restoration of damaged property after a flood event and sustaining communities through difficult times. It can also form part of a wider flood risk management strategy. In the light of recent flood events in the UK and in the context of changing property insurance markets, the universal cover previously enjoyed by floodplain residents has been called into question. Conflicting media and industry views leave the floodplain resident and the wider community in confusion. A survey of floodplain residents in England regarding their experience with flooding and flood insurance in England has been undertaken. The results reveal that some floodplain residents do indeed encounter difficulties when seeking insurance for their homes. However, despite the risk‐averse policies of some insurers, availability of insurance is still strong in both at‐risk and previously flooded locations. Success in gaining insurance may lead to complacency among residents who see no advantage in pursuing other, more costly, damage mitigation actions. As a tool in risk management, therefore, the market is prevented from realising its potential by competition, which results in a lack of a consistent approach, rewards homeowners' search strategies and reduces information flow.     

澳门保险业概况与启示

澳门作为中国的一个特别行政区,一个微型的经济体,其保险活动也有期自身的特点。澳门保险业随经济的发展取得了快速的发展壮大,文章对澳门的保险从业人员和公司、监管体制与活动管制等情况做了全面介绍,进而指出对我国内地保险业的借鉴意义。     

Engineered nanomaterials: risk perception,regulation and insurance

Concerns surrounding the health risk of engineered nanomaterials, effective regulation and the lack of specifically tailored insurance products for the nanotechnology sector are putting the industry’s long-term economic viability at risk. From the perspective of the underwriter, this article speculates on the relationship between risk perception, regulation and insurability. In the nanotechnology sector, regulators are currently failing to keep pace with innovation, and insurers generally lack guiding principles for underwriting occupational risk from nanomaterial exposure. Such vulnerabilities when combined with misguided risk perceptions can lead to the overpricing of risk transfer and ill-conceived regulatory initiatives, thus potentially exhausting resources and stifling innovation in the sector. In the absence of well-developed regulatory protocols, the insurance industry has, and will continue, to occupy a key role as an effective lobby in terms of improved risk management practice. We suggest that the insurance industry will increasingly rely on control banding frameworks and ‘risk mitigation at source’ methods developed in conjunction with their clients to manage severe acute diversifiable risks. Long tail risk will continue to represent a serious challenge to insurers and regulators. In the meantime, insurers will have to bridge their current needs with improvised solutions. As an example of one possible solution, we outline a framework that utilizes financial instruments to hedge an insurer’s exposure to uncertain estimates of these long-term risks.     

论商业保险基础风险原理对建立基本医疗保障制度的适用价值

2009年新医改重大举措不断,它对于我国相对薄弱的医疗保障体系无疑是必需和及时的。本文从理论上初步论述了商业保险基础风险原理对完善建立我国全民基本医疗保障制度的适用价值。通过总结国际医疗保障制度改革及其研究的趋势,论证以医疗保险的基础风险为依据,是实现社会医疗保险预期绩效的基本保证。同时指出定性定量分析我国全民医保的基础风险,才能从根本上找到完善建立相关制度的措施和方法,促进我国医疗保障体系的进一步科学发展。     

保险中介市场风险状况及监管对策

当前,随着保险中介市场的快速发展,市场风险状况不容乐观,一般性风险普遍存在,个别机构因严重违法造成的风险已相当严重,同时,因保险中介经营模式创新引发的风险也不容忽视。这些风险如不能采取有效的监管措施加以控制,势必对保险中介市场平稳健康发展带来严重冲击。为此,应加快完善监管法律法规和制度,严格市场准入并建立有效的市场退出制度,强化保险公司对代理机构和保险营销员的管理责任,改革现行个人保险营销体制,细化从业人员资格考试,实行从业人员分级管理,充分发挥行业协会的自律职能。     

坚持科学监管防范化解风险促进保险业稳健发展

本文首先回顾了2010年保险监管工作的主要情况,对当前保险监管面临的复杂形势进行了准确、细致分析,然后对2011年的保险监管工作作出了部署,提出要把防范化解风险作为保险监管的首要任务,继续规范保险市场秩序,严肃查处保险领域重点案件,加强保险公司内控监管,切实保护被保险人利益,不断加强监管自身建设,认真做好"十二五"发展...     

Utility maximizing portfolio insurance strategies when hedgers consider the impact of their trading on security prices

Portfolio insurance strategies can destabilize markets to such an extent that they may be counterproductive. Destabilization results when hedgers take share prices as given and follow exogenously specified price-based trading rules. We recognize that such trading rules may not be utility maximizing and that hedging affects share prices. Accordingly, we develop a portfolio insurance strategy where hedgers consider the impact of their trading on prices and endogenize their trading rule which is obtained by maximizing expected utility. Moreover, our strategy does not require the dissemination of information about the extent of portfolio-insurance based hedging activity in the economy.