共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 701 毫秒
1.
Louis Kaplow 《International Tax and Public Finance》2007,14(3):295-325
A substantial literature addresses the design of transfer programs and policies, including the negative income tax, other
means-tested transfers, the earned income tax credit, categorical assistance, and work inducements. This work is largely independent
of that on the optimal nonlinear income tax, yet formulations of such a tax necessarily address how low-income individuals
should be treated. This paper draws on the optimal income taxation literature to illuminate the analysis of transfer programs,
including the level and shape of marginal tax rates (including phase-outs), the structure of categorical assistance, and the
role of work inducements in an optimal income transfer scheme.
JEL Classification H21 · H53 · I38 相似文献
2.
Darío Maldonado 《International Tax and Public Finance》2008,15(2):131-143
This paper studies the design of education policies in a setting in which optimal redistributive labor taxation is available.
It is usually argued that the crucial parameter to guide education policy is the complementarity of education and ability.
This is true only when labor supply is fixed or when income taxes are not allowed. I show that, if labor supply is endogenous
and if the government can tax income in a nonlinear way, the crucial parameter is how the education elasticity of wage changes
with ability. Taking the elasticity criterion into account, education subsidies are optimal in cases in which, under the complementarity
criterion, education taxes would be optimal. To do this, I use an asymmetric information setting that motivates nonlinear
taxation of income and education.
JEL Classification H21 · H23 · H52 · I28 相似文献
3.
Jean-Marie Lozachmeur 《International Tax and Public Finance》2006,13(6):717-732
This paper studies the design of disability insurance scheme when agents differ in their privately known productivity. We
extend the Diamond and Mirrlees (1978) two period model to allow for agents differing ex-ante in their productivity and characterize
the optimal nonlinear tax transfer that maximizes a utilitarian welfare function when per-period earnings and age are observable
while individuals’ productivity and health status are not observable. We show that the induced tax/benefit scheme should exhibit
a marginal income tax that decreases with age for some agents. A marginal subsidy on the young high productive income may
be desirable. While the disability scheme always involves the old low productive agents to be indifferent between working
and claiming disability benefits, this result is not always true for the old high productive agents.
JEL Classification H55 · H23 · E62 相似文献
4.
Pedro H. Albuquerque 《International Tax and Public Finance》2006,13(5):601-624
This paper uses a dynamic general equilibrium model to study the economic effects of bank account debits (BAD) taxation. Australia
and various Latin American countries have levied or levy BAD taxes. Aspects such as financial disintermediation, market illiquidity,
and impacts on dividend and interest rates are considered. Part of the BAD tax revenue may be fictitious, due to increased
interest payments on government debt. The Brazilian BAD tax (CPMF) experience is evaluated. The empirical analysis confirms
some theoretical predictions. Incidence base over GDP appears to be sensitive to the tax rate, possibly engendering a Laffer
curve. The tax may also cause real interest rates to increase. Furthermore, the deadweight losses are relatively large, even
if revenues are small. The theoretical and empirical results suggest that the BAD tax is not adequate for revenue collection.
JEL Code E62 · H20 相似文献
5.
Ravi Kanbur Tuuli Paukkeri Jukka Pirttilä Matti Tuomala 《International Tax and Public Finance》2018,25(1):64-98
The existing literature on optimal taxation typically assumes there exists a capacity to implement complex tax schemes, which is not necessarily the case for many developing countries. We examine the determinants of optimal redistributive policies in the context of a developing country that can only implement linear tax policies due to administrative reasons. Further, the reduction of poverty is typically the expressed goal of such countries, and this feature is also taken into account in our model. We derive the optimality conditions for linear income taxation, commodity taxation, and public provision of private and public goods for the poverty minimization case and compare the results to those derived under a general welfarist objective function. We also study the implications of informality on optimal redistributive policies for such countries. The exercise reveals non-trivial differences in optimal tax rules under the different assumptions. 相似文献
6.
The standard tax theory result that investment should not be distorted is based on the assumption that profits are locally bound. In this paper, we analyze the optimal tax policy in a model where firms are internationally mobile. We show that the optimal policy response to increasing firm mobility may be taxation, subsidization, or non-distortion of the marginal investment, depending on whether the mobile firms are more or less profitable than the average firm in the economy. Our findings may contribute to understanding recent tax policy developments in many OECD countries. 相似文献
7.
A Norwegian tax reform committee recently proposed a personal tax on the realized income from shares after deduction for an
imputed risk-free rate of return. This paper describes the design of the proposed shareholder income tax and shows that it
will be neutral with respect to investment and financing decisions and decisions to realize capital gains, provided that full
loss offsets are granted. Thus the tax allows some non-distortionary double taxation of corporate equity income. With an appropriate
choice of tax rates, it also solves the problem of income shifting under a dual income tax.
JEL Code: H24, H25 相似文献
8.
Do tax sparing agreements contribute to the attraction of FDI in developing countries? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Céline Azémar Rodolphe Desbordes Jean-Louis Mucchielli 《International Tax and Public Finance》2007,14(5):543-562
Measuring the effects of taxation on FDI in developing countries requires consideration of the tax sparing provision. This
provision signed between developed and developing countries protects host country fiscal incentives for FDI. This paper estimates
the impact of tax sparing provisions on Japanese outbound FDI between 1989 and 2000. We find evidence that the tax sparing
provision influences positively the location of Japanese FDI, even after having taken into account reversal causality.
JEL Classification F23 · H25 · H32
We Thank Michael Devereux, Edward Graham, Robert Lipsey, David Margolis, Claudia Rivas, Deborah Swenson, anonymous referees
and seminar participants at the Franco-Korean conference in Seoul, and at the Western Economic Association conference in Vancouver
for helpful discussions. 相似文献
9.
We analyze corporate income tax competition with international capital mobility when the common tax base is allocated to governments
according to an apportionment formula. Labor can be either internationally mobile or immobile. We compare the Nash equilibria
for different apportionment methods. Tax competition produces lower tax rates the more elastically the formula share responds
to tax rate changes. More specifically, equilibrium tax rates are typically lowest when apportionment is based on property-shares,
followed by payroll- and sales-shares apportionment. Compared to their cooperative levels, equilibrium tax rates are too low
for property-share apportionment but tend to be too high for the other formulas.
JEL Classification H77 · H25 · F23 相似文献
10.
This paper proposes a growth oriented dual income tax by combining an allowance for corporate equity with a broadly defined
flat tax on personal capital income. Revenue losses are compensated by an increase in the value added tax. The paper demonstrates
the neutrality properties of the reform with respect to investment, firm financial decisions and organizational choice. Tax
rates are chosen to prevent income shifting from labor to capital income. The reform decisively strengthens investment of
domestically owned firms as well as home and foreign based multinationals and boosts savings. Simulations with a calibrated
growth model for Switzerland indicate that the reform could add between 4 to 5 percent of GNP in the long-run, depending on
the specific scenario. Given the slow nature of capital accumulation, it imposes considerable costs in the short-run. We consider
a tax smoothing scenario to offset the intergenerationally redistributive effects.
JEL Classification: D58, D92, E62, G32, H25 相似文献
11.
Interregional redistribution through tax surcharge 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Helmuth Cremer Maurice Marchand Pierre Pestieau 《International Tax and Public Finance》1996,3(2):157-173
The paper considers a utilitarian federal government that levies a tax to finance a national public good or to effect a redistributive policy. Regions differ in their incomes and in their preferences for a local public good. First, we assume that the central government observes each region's public expenditures (and, hence, local tax revenues) but cannot perfectly observe revenues and preferences. We derive the (constrained) Pareto-efficient allocation and show how it can be implemented by a surcharge on local taxes. The level of redistribution that can be achieved is limited by the fact that it may be difficult, or even impossible, to distinguish low-income regions with a high preference for the public good from high-income regions with a low preference. Then we allow for the possibility that the central government can observe incomes through a costly audit. We examine the optimal audit policy and study the impact of audits on the optimal taxation scheme. Throughout the paper we focus on the properties of average and marginal tax rates and on the resulting under- or overprovision of regional public goods. 相似文献
12.
In many high-income countries over the past three decades there has been both large growth in inequality of wages and income and a shift in the burden of taxation from the top to the middle of the income distribution. A literature has developed which focuses on optimal tax rates for the top 1 % of the income distribution. In contrast, this paper considers the effect of inequality growth on the structure of a piecewise linear tax system defined over the entire income distribution. Our results suggest that the appropriate response to the increases in inequality would have been a shift towards a tax system with a lower tax rate in the lower half of the distribution together with a highly marginal rate progressive structure in the upper half, a clear differentiation between the top 10 % and the top 1 % and a higher top tax rate. Further inequality growth strengthens these characteristics of the optimal tax structure. 相似文献
13.
Fiscal Externalities and Efficient Transfers in a Federation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Motohiro Sato 《International Tax and Public Finance》2000,7(2):119-139
This paper investigates properties of the second best allocation in a fiscal federal system in which both federal tax and intergovernmental grants are involved and the taxation is distortionary. Also, optimal federal grants and tax policies in a decentralized fiscal system are examined. Our major findings are: (i) the second best does not require the equalization of marginal cost of public funds across regions in a conventional form; (ii) matching grants based on either the local tax rates or tax revenues should be introduced to internalize the tax externality; and (iii) once lump-sum and matching grants are optimized, federal tax policy becomes redundant so the optimal fiscal gap is indeterminate. 相似文献
14.
Mobility and the Role of Education as a Commitment Device 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In closed economies, human capital investment faces a hold-up problem of excessive redistributive taxation. Increased international labor mobility, however, changes the constraints which affect optimal education and tax policy. We show that in a non-altruistic, gerontocratic world, investments in human capital which increase the mobility of the young generation can be interpreted as a commitment device overcoming the hold-up problem. This is in line with Kehoe (1989) who derives a similar result with respect to capital mobility. 相似文献
15.
Pawns and queens revisited: public provision of private goods when individuals make mistakes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyses the optimal tax policy and public provision of private goods when the government is paternalistic and
has a redistributive objective. When individuals only differ with respect to their income-earning abilities, the publicly-provided
goods should be overprovided, relative to the decentralised optimum, if society’s marginal valuation of them exceeds the individual
valuation and if these goods are complements to labour supply. However, when the individuals also differ in terms of their
valuation of the publicly-provided good, this simple conclusion does not hold. Optimal marginal income tax rates are shown
to differ from the standard rules if publicly-provided goods and labour supply are related.
相似文献
16.
This article aims to analyze the link between subsidiary capital structure and taxation in Europe. First we have introduced a trade-off model, which looks at a MNC’s financial strategy and in particular debt shifting from low-tax to high-tax jurisdictions. By letting the MNC choose both leverage and the debt shifting percentage, we depart from the relevant literature which has mainly focused on the latter. Using the AMADEUS dataset we show that: (i) in line with the relevant literature, subsidiary leverage increases with its tax rate; (ii) contrary to previous work, the parent company tax rate does not have a negative effect on subsidiary leverage. More specifically, its effect is estimated to be nil when statutory tax rates are used. When however, effective marginal tax rates (EMTRs), accounting for cross-border effects, are used, the impact of parent company taxation on subsidiary leverage is positive. 相似文献
17.
Pamela P. Peterson David R. Peterson James S. Ang 《Journal of Financial Economics》1985,14(2):267-282
Miller and Scholes (1978) hypothesize that the marginal tax rate on dividend income may be less than the marginal rate of tax on capital gains. Their hypothesis is dependent upon individuals utilizing existing provisions of the Code which serve to reduce the taxation of dividends. In this study, estimates of the marginal and effective rates of tax on dividend income for the year 1979 are presented using the Statistics of Income sample of returns. The average marginal rate of tax on dividend income is estimated to be 40%, while the average effective rate of tax is estimated to be 30%. 相似文献
18.
Household Production and the Design of the Tax Structure 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper amalgamates two topical issues in the economics ofcommodity taxation: the general case for non-uniformity, andthe tax treatment of commodities that are either inputs to householdproduction or close substitutes for household produced goods.Assuming a redistributive objective and that the government canimplement a non-linear income tax system and linear commoditytaxes we investigate if the existence of household productiongenerates a natural case for non-uniform commodity taxation.Four main results are reported. First, when the set of commoditiesis partitioned into consumption goods and input goods, and commoditytaxes are restricted to being within-group uniform, the compositecommodity theorem can be used to characterize the optimal commoditytaxes. Secondly, sufficient conditions for within-group uniformcommodity taxes to be fully optimal are derived. Thirdly, weargue that an input good should be taxed at a higher rate thangeneral consumption if and only if the degree of complementarityin household production (between the input good and a time-input)is larger than the degree of complementarity in consumption (betweengeneral consumption and the household produced good). Finally,we show that under simple normality, a market substitute forthe household-produced good should be taxed at a lower rate thangeneral consumption. The intuition for the last two results isthat the suggested pattern of taxation discourages ``do-it-yourself'behaviour, which relaxes the self-selection problem. 相似文献
19.
Kersten Kellermann 《International Tax and Public Finance》2006,13(2-3):151-161
This paper studies fiscal competition among jurisdictions in a dynamic framework, where the degree of mobility of private
capital across jurisdictions boundaries is perfect. The optimal tax on mobile capital is a source tax that taxes away factor
rents. Further we show that taxation of mobile capital can redistribute income in favor of the immobile factor labor. This
is because the factor rents generated by public inputs and appropriated by mobile capital exceed the efficient level of public
expenditure for investments.
JEL Code: H21, H23, H42, H71 相似文献
20.
Laszlo Goerke 《International Tax and Public Finance》2007,14(3):281-292
Decisions by firms and individuals on the extent of their tax payments have generally been treated as separate choices. Empirically,
a positive relationship between corporate and personal income tax evasion can be observed. The theoretical analysis in this
paper shows that a manager's decision on the firm's behaviour will be independent of his personal preferences if the gain
from reducing corporate tax payments is certain, as in the case of tax avoidance. If, however, the firm evades taxes so that
the manager's income depends on whether the firm's activities are detected or not, corporate and personal income tax evasion
choices cannot be separated.
Jel Code H 24 · H 25 · H 26 相似文献