Bank discrimination, holding bank ownership, and economic consequences: Evidence from China

This paper finds that compared with Chinese state-owned firms, non-state-owned firms have a greater propensity to hold significant ownership in commercial banks. These results are consistent with the notion that because non-state-owned firms are more likely to suffer bank discrimination for political reasons, they tend to address their financing disadvantages by building economic bonds with banks. We also find that among non-state-owned firms, those that hold significant bank ownership have lower interest expenses, and are less likely to increase cash holdings but more likely to obtain short-term loans when the government monetary policy is tight. These results suggest that the firms building economic bonds with banks can enjoy benefits such as lower financial expenses and better lending terms during difficult times. Finally, we find that non-state-owned firms with significant bank ownership have better operating performance. Overall, we find that firms can reduce discrimination through holding bank ownership.     

股权结构、金融生态与城市商业银行绩效

本文利用2006-2010年我国城市商业银行的数据及地区金融生态环境数据,以金融生态环境为切入点,对股权结构、金融生态对城市商业银行绩效的影响进行实证分析。研究结果发现:城市商业银行的第一大股东国有性质、控制能力及股权集中度对城市商业银行绩效存在显著的负向影响。但是当分别分析时,第一大股东的国有性质对处于金融生态好的地区的城商行的绩效的影响为负,而对处于差的金融生态的城商行绩效的影响不显著;第一大股东的国有性质对大规模银行绩效的影响为正向,对小规模银行绩效的影响为负,金融生态对大规模银行绩效的影响系数为负,对小规模银行而言系数为正,但是这种影响不显著。     

The bright side of market power in Asian banking: Implications of bank capitalization and financial freedom

Using a sample of listed banks in the Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2016, this paper documents that higher market power reduces risk taking but increases loan growth and performance in banking. This highlights the "bright side" of bank market power in general. However, the positive effect of market power on bank stability is more pronounced for well-capitalized banks, although their performance tends to decline, and loan growth is unaffected by market power. Hence, bank capitalization plays an important role in strengthening financial stability due to an increase in bank market power. Moreover, banks with higher market power located in countries with a lower degree of financial freedom exhibit lower riskiness, higher loan growth, and better performance. Greater control by authorities in the financial sector is essential, not only to enhance financial stability, but also to boost financial intermediation and bank performance following an increase in bank market power.     

我国上市银行综合业绩评价——基于主成分分析方法的实证研究

本文利用主成分分析方法对我国14家上市银行2001—2008年的综合业绩进行了静态和动态实证分析,结果表明：国有商业银行股份制改革后,综合业绩大幅提高,抗风险能力大大增强;股份制商业银行综合业绩增长缓慢,抗风险能力较弱。而城市商业银行综合业绩增长潜力巨大,在金融危机中表现出了较强的抗风险能力。     

金融科技对商业银行绩效的影响——理论与实证研究

本文从理论上分析阐述金融科技对商业银行绩效的影响机理,选取中国2010-2018年33家上市银行的非平衡面板数据,采用动态系统GMM方法实证分析,结果表明:金融科技与中国商业银行绩效之间呈现显著的先升后降的“倒U形”关系;经济发展、金融发展程度、净利差等因素对商业银行绩效水平也有重要影响,此外金融科技发展对大中型商业银...     

商业银行绩效、效率与市场结构——基于中国1994～2005年的面板数据

本文应用随机边界方法(SFA)测度了中国16家全国性商业银行的X效率和规模效率,并在此基础上针对其经营绩效与市场结构间关系的几种经验假说进行了检验。统计结果显示,样本期内各商业银行的效率情况总体上均不断改善,其中股份制银行的X效率水平普遍高于国有银行,但在减速递增的过程中差距在不断缩小;另一方面,国有银行在规模经济上具有显著优势,并且2002年以来优势还在进一步扩大;最后,关于银行绩效与市场结构关系的四个主要经验假说在中国银行业市场均不适用,中国商业银行部门的成本控制优势在迅速扩大业务规模的过程中并未有效地转化为盈利能力的提高。     

影响商业银行稳定的微观因素

本文运用14家上市商业银行2003~2010年的数据,实证研究了银行稳定与信息披露的关系。中国商业银行的稳定性在逐渐增强,信息披露在一定程度上促进了银行稳定性。进一步发挥信息披露的市场约束作用,需要完善相应的制度环境和市场基础。银行资产规模以及利润的增长有效地促进了商业银行的稳定性。国有银行有国家信用的担保,而股份制银行具备相对完善的治理制度,两者的稳定性并不存在显著性的差别。政府应完善信息披露制度,为投资者提供全面、及时、真实的财务信息,加强信息披露的市场约束作用,加强对银行信息披露的监管。     

Bank ownership and performance. Does politics matter?

This paper uses a new dataset to reassess the relationship between bank ownership and bank performance, providing separate estimations for developing and industrial countries. It finds that state-owned banks located in developing countries tend to have lower profitability and higher costs than their private counterparts, and that the opposite is true for foreign-owned banks. The paper finds no strong correlation between ownership and performance for banks located in industrial countries. Next, in order to test whether the differential in performance between public and private banks is driven by political considerations, the paper checks whether this differential widens during election years; it finds strong support for this hypothesis.     

The effect of ownership on the prudential behavior of banks – The case of China

Although the relationship between bank ownership and performance is the current focus of much research, this paper investigates the relationship between ownership and the prudential behavior of banks. Using Chinese data, I show that lending by state-owned banks has been less prudent than lending by joint-equity banks, but has improved over time. This is consistent with the hypothesis that accountability to shareholders and depositors gives joint-equity banks a better incentive than state-owned banks to engage in prudent lending, and with the hypothesis that the reform of the banking system has improved the incentive for state-owned banks to behave more prudently in their lending.     

地方政府财政压力与银行信贷资源配置效率--基于我国城市商业银行的研究证据北大核心

基于2005-2015年我国城市商业银行的样本,本文研究省级地方政府财政压力是否对商业银行信贷资金投向和信贷资源配置效率产生影响。研究发现,地方政府财政压力是影响城市商业银行信贷资源配置的重要因素。具体而言,省级地方政府的财政压力越大,省内城市商业银行投向地方国有经济部门的贷款比率越高。然而,信贷资源更多投向地方国有经济部门的银行有更高的不良贷款率和更差的会计业绩。进一步研究发现,在财政压力大的省份,城市商业银行投向地方国有经济部门的贷款比率越高,则贷款拨备率越低,这表明城市商业银行会通过盈余管理行为来应对监管压力。本文研究结论对商业银行监管以及防范化解金融风险有重要启示。     

An empirical study of bank efficiency in China after WTO accession

This paper documents the technical efficiency of Chinese banks over 1999–2010. With stochastic frontier analysis, we find that Chinese banks are about 18% more efficient in generating lending assets than profits. We also observe an upward trend of bank efficiency after China's entry to WTO in 2001. The improvement of bank efficiency is most prominent for the largest banks with substantial state ownership. We also find that majority state-owned banks are least efficient; well capitalized banks are less efficient; bank efficiency decreases with bank size at the lower end, but banks gain efficiency and realize economies of scale when bank size grows large enough; more fee-generating business reduces efficiency; better management improves efficiency.     

商业银行盈利能力影响因素的实证分析——基于偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）算法

运用偏最小二乘回归模型及其辅助分析手段对商业银行盈利能力影响因素进行一次深入、细致、系统的梳理。研究表明,影响商业银行盈利能力的前六大因素依次为净息差、资产质量、成本收入比、风险承受能力、金融创新及存贷比,而银行资产规模对盈利能力的贡献度最低。为提升商业银行盈利能力,必须强化金融创新能力、防控商业银行风险、完善金融监管体制。     

国有商业银行公共性绩效评价体系的设计与比较

国有商业银行的资本结构决定了其承担公共性职责的必然性,因此,单纯的企业性绩效评价对国有商业银行并不公平,必须进行公共性绩效评价.国有商业银行的公共性绩效主要体现在优化金融资源配置、支持经济增长、维持金融稳定、提升金融效率与金融国际竞争力等方面.包含企业性绩效和公共性绩效的综合绩效评价对国有商业银行才是全面和公正的评价.2002年四大国有商业银行的综合绩效排名好于企业性绩效排名.公共性绩效评价体系适用于国有性质的商业银行评价,只要国有独资商业银行、国有控股的股份制商业银行存在,公共性功能就不会消失,公共性绩效评价就是必要的.     

国有商业银行在农村金融改革中的定位和对策研究

随着我国农村金融改革的不断深化,农村金融显现出巨大的市场和发展空间,支持农村金融改革不仅仅是国有商业银行的社会责任,更是国有商业银行战略转型、结构调整的需要。本文对我国目前农村金融现状及国有商业银行服务农村金融存在问题进行分析,对国有商业银行在农村金融改革中的定位进行阐述,在充分调查分析和准确定位的基础上,对国有商业银行支持农村金融改革的推进措施提出对策建议。     

金融科技布局、银行信贷风险与经营绩效——来自商业银行与科技企业战略合作的证据

商业银行通过布局金融科技进行的金融服务创新,已成为深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要举措。本文通过手工搜集2005—2019年323家商业银行与科技企业战略合作的数据,研究银行布局金融科技如何影响其信贷风险与经营绩效。结果表明：(1)银行布局金融科技战略能降低银行信贷风险,提高银行经营绩效;(2)银行布局金融科技通过提高其自身创新能力与竞争力从而降低银行的信贷风险水平;(3)银行布局金融科技,通过降低信贷风险、提升普惠金融服务、提高运营管理能力与拓展中间业务这四个渠道提高了银行经营绩效;(4)全国性银行发展金融科技使其信贷风险水平得到降低,资本充足率低的银行通过布局金融科技降低信贷风险的效果更强。同时,信用贷款比重越高的银行通过发展金融科技降低信贷风险、提高经营绩效的效果更加明显。本文研究有助于理解商业银行顺势而为所进行的金融科技布局的微观经济后果,也为进一步完善金融服务实体经济相关政策提供参考。     

我国商业银行利润效率研究

利润效率是评价商业银行竞争力和经营绩效的重要指标.本文基于自由分布法,利用超越对数函数模型,对我国14家主要商业银行的利润效率进行了评估.我国商业银行平均的利润效率只有54.25%;股份制商业银行的平均效率比国有商业银行高.     

企业“跨境发展”与银行服务创新

近年来,中国企业跨境发展成为一种趋势,尤其是在金融危机后更是发展迅猛。企业的跨境发展对银行的服务创新提出了新的要求。本文作者以其所处区域为样本,剖析中国企业跨境发展时在资金融通、银行服务、风险管理、资本运作及信息传导等方面面临的困境,以及银行在服务跨境企业发展中存在的不足,在此基础上提出了商业银行在企业跨境发展上的服务...     

我国商业银行企业性绩效评价体系的设计和比较

商业银行企业性绩效评价是从财务效益、流动性、安全性和发展能力四个方面进行定量分析,从内部管理状况进行定性分析,运用功效系数法和分析系数法将绩效量化.本文初步构建了我国商业银行的绩效评价指标体系及绩效量化方法体系,通过对2001年我国12家不同所有制形式的商业银行的企业性绩效进行比较,指出国有商业银行在流动性方面的表现好于其他商业银行,同时应在财务效益及发展能力方面尽快提升实力,提高企业性绩效水平;并依据可比性和可测性原则设计商业银行企业性绩效国际比较指标体系,通过比较得出2000年中美两国同等规模商业银行绩效水平的差异不大的结论.     

The positive side of bank wealth management products: Evidence from bank lending rate

The systemic risk and negative social impacts from bank-issued wealth management products (WMPs) are well studied by scholars and practitioners in China. Using hand-collected bank data, we find that WMPs help reduce banks’ cost of funds, which is then passed on to their borrowers as lower borrowing cost. This finding shows an upside of this controversial but increasingly popular bank product. We propose four mechanisms through which WMPs can lower banks’ cost of funds: structural change in deposits, cross-subsidization, liquidity effect, and related-party transactions. We find supporting evidence for those mechanisms, and their effects vary across state-owned, joint-stock, and city commercial banks. Those variations are consistent with the unique characteristics of each bank group. We further explore the competition for capital between state-owned and non-state-owned banks. The results suggest that state-owned banks offer significantly higher interest rates for deposits as non-state-owned banks expand in the same region. WMP issuance is likely a differentiation strategy in response to the competition for deposits.     

The impact of state ownership on performance differences in privately-owned versus state-owned banks: An international comparison

This paper examines how government ownership and government involvement in a country’s banking system affect bank performance from 1989 through 2004. Our study uncovers an interesting pattern of changing performance differences between state-owned and privately-owned banks around the Asian financial crisis. We find that state-owned banks operated less profitably, held less core capital, and had greater credit risk than privately-owned banks prior to 2001, and the performance differences are more significant in those countries with greater government involvement and political corruption in the banking system. In addition, from 1997 to 2000, the 4-year period after the beginning of the Asian financial crisis, the deterioration in the cash flow returns, core capital, and credit quality of state-owned banks was significantly greater than that of privately-owned banks, especially for the countries that were hardest hit by the Asian crisis. However, state-owned banks closed the gap with privately-owned banks on cash flow returns, core capital, and nonperforming loans in the post-crisis period of 2001–2004. Our findings can best be explained by Shleifer and Vishny’s [Shleifer, A., Vishny, R.W., 1997. A survey of corporate governance. J. Finance 52, 737–783] corporate governance theory on state ownership of firms and Kane’s [Kane, E.J., 2000. Capital movement, banking insolvency, and silent runs in the Asian financial crisis. Pacific-Basin Finance J. 8, 153–175] life-cycle model of a regulation-induced banking crisis.