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1.
Originally delivered at a conference of Marxist philosophers in China, this article examines some links, and some tensions,
between business ethics and the traditional concerns of Marxism. After discussing the emergence of business ethics as an academic
discipline, it explores and attempts to answer two Marxist objections that might be brought against the enterprise of business
ethics. The first is that business ethics is impossible because capitalism itself tends to produce greedy, overreaching, and
unethical business behavior. The second is that business ethics is irrelevant because focusing on the moral or immoral conduct
of individual firms or businesspeople distracts one’s attention from the systemic vices of capitalism. I argue, to the contrary,
that, far from being impossible, business requires and indeed presupposes ethics and that for those who share Marx’s hope
for a better society, nothing could be more relevant than engaging the debate over corporate social responsibility. In line
with this, the article concludes by sketching some considerations favoring corporations’ adopting a broader view of their
social and moral responsibilities, one that encompasses more than the pursuit of profit. 相似文献
2.
Jerry M. Calton 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,68(3):329-346
This paper applies Wempe’s (2005, Business Ethics Quarterly
15(1), 113–135) boundary conditions that define the external and internal logics for contractarian business ethics theory, as a system of argumentation for evaluating current or prospective institutional arrangements for arriving at the “good life,” based on the principles and practices of social justice. It does so by showing that a more dynamic, process-oriented, and pluralist ‘dialogic twist’ to Donaldson and Dunfee’s (2003, ‘Social Contracts: sic et non’, in P. Heugens, H. van Oosterhout and J. Vromen (eds.), The Social Institutions of Capitalism: Evolution and Design of Social Contracts (Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd.) pp. 109–126; 1999, Ties that Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics (Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press); 1995, Economics and Philosophy
11(1), 85–112; 1994, Academy of Management Review
19(2), 252–284.) integrated social contracting theory (ISCT) of economic ethics will further develop this promising and influential approach to moral reasoning, ethical decision-making, and stakeholder governance. This evolutionary, interactive learning-based model of ethical norm generation via dialogic stakeholder engagement is particularly appropriate within economic communities that are experiencing value conflict and pressures for institutional change.Jerry M. Calton is Professor of Management at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. His research interests encompass multi-stakeholder learning dialogue, trust-based network governance, and the social contracting approach to ethical decision-making. His publications have appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Business & Society, Business Ethics Quarterly, the Journal of Corporate Citizenship, and elsewhere. 相似文献
3.
4.
John David Lewis 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,89(1):123-138
The ancient lawgiver Solon of Athens left norms of proper conduct that carry important ethical implications for all manner
of human affairs, including commercial activities and the pursuit of wealth. In his extant poetry, he emphasizes the strong
connections between individual virtue and its consequences in the social and political sphere. In considering the proper means
of obtaining material wealth, he describes multiple ways to earn a living and connects them to proper intellectual and ethical
dispositions through a concept of justice. This focus on virtue establishes a long-range ethics that is based on a principle
of justice, demands rational intellectual activity, and carries implications for everyone’s self-interest. Solon’s concern
for matters of virtue, the proper means of attaining wealth, and the need for long-range awareness of consequences offers
a valuable point of historical focus for our own examinations of business ethics today. 相似文献
5.
Vladimir Avtonomov 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,66(1):3-9
This article deals with the relations in the triangle state–society–business in modern Russia. It is shown against Russian historical background, that the absolutist state in this country could never be identified with the society and these relations were shaped under its strong domination. The ethics of rule-following characteristic for market economy in general did not develop in Russia. The breakdown of communist Russia and market reforms proceeding since 1992 did not change this situation significantly. The period of political alliance between big business and government was followed by restoration of state dominance in somewhat modified forms. Both periods were characterized by corruption, which contrary to Putin’s slogans, increases in Russia. In the article I show the evolution of Putin administration’s policy which changed from emphasizing and improving legal institutions to selective use of legal norms depending on personal loyalty. Main forms of state exploitation of Russian business are described. The conclusion is that Russian experience of balancing state and market should be called negative.Dr. Vladimir Avtonomov is Professor and Dean of Economic Faculty at State University-Higher School of Economics in Moscow. He is also Head of Department in the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences. Among his works are two books on model of man in economics, textbooks in history of economic thought and introductory economics for high-schools. He is a corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences and a member of Council of European Society for History of Economic Thought (ESHET). 相似文献
6.
Claus Dierksmeier 《Business ethics (Oxford, England)》2022,31(1):281-292
Business ethicists disagree on whether John Rawls’s political philosophy can be applied to their questions and concerns. They concur, however, that, if warranted, such an application of his theory would be highly instructive for the field. This article scrutinizes that assumption. The paper examines to what extent a normative import of Rawls’s philosophy into business ethics would indeed render adequate results. Highlighting shortcomings of Rawls in regard to several pressing concerns of contemporary business ethics, the paper ponders whether, for purposes of normative guidance and conceptual orientation, Rawls’s theory can meet the expectations that its adherents foster. 相似文献
7.
Lars Lindblom 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,76(4):413-426
The ethical debate on whistleblowing concerns centrally the conflict between the right to political free speech and the duty
of loyalty to the organization where one works. This is the moral dilemma of whistleblowing. Political free speech is justified
because it is a central part of liberal democracy, whereas loyalty can be motivated as a way of showing consideration for
one’s associates. The political philosophy of John Rawls is applied to this dilemma, and it is shown that the requirement
of loyalty, in the sense that is needed to create the moral dilemma of whistleblowing, is inconsistent with that theory. In
this sense, there is no moral dilemma of whistleblowing. This position has been labelled extreme in that it says that whistleblowing
is always morally permitted. In a discussion and rejection of Richard De George’s criteria on permissible whistleblowing,
it is pointed out that the mere rejection of loyalty will not lead to an extreme position; harms can still be taken into account.
Furthermore, it is argued that the best way is, in this as in most other political circumstances, to weigh harms is provided
by the free speech argument from democracy.
Lars Lindblom is a Ph D. student in philosophy at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. He has worked as a
business ethics consultant and has written on efficency, workplace inspections and business ethics. 相似文献
8.
Companies offer ethics codes and training to increase employees’ ethical conduct. These programs can also enhance individual
work attitudes because ethical organizations are typically valued. Socially responsible companies are likely viewed as ethical
organizations and should therefore prompt similar employee job responses. Using survey information collected from 313 business
professionals, this exploratory study proposed that perceived corporate social responsibility would mediate the positive relationships
between ethics codes/training and job satisfaction. Results indicated that corporate social responsibility fully or partially
mediated the positive associations between four ethics program variables and individual job satisfaction, suggesting that
companies might better manage employees’ ethical perceptions and work attitudes with multiple policies, an approach endorsed
in the ethics literature.
Sean Valentine (D.B.A., Louisiana Tech University) is an Associate Professor of Management in the college of Business at the
University of Wyoming. His teaching and research interests include business ethics, organizational behavior, and human resource
management. He has published in journals such as Behavioral Research in Accounting, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, and Journal of Business Ethics.
Gary Fleischman (Ph.D., Texas Tech University) is an Associate Professor and is the McGee Hearne and Paiz Faculty Scholar
in Accounting at the University of Wyoming. His teaching expertise is in accounting and entrepreneurship and his research
interests are in business ethics and behavioral business research. He has published in journals such as Behavioral Research in Accounting, The International Journal of Accounting and Journal of Business Ethics. 相似文献
9.
Urban communities in 21st century America are facing severe economic challenges, ones that suggest a mandate to contemplate
serious changes in the way America does business. The middle class is diminishing in many parts of the country, with consequences
for the economy as a whole. When faced with the loss of its economic base, any business community must make some difficult
decisions about its proper role and responsibilities. Decisions to support the community must be balanced alongside and against
responsibilities to owners, shareholders and relevant “stakeholders” in a relatively new context. Corporations in urban communities
“hollowed out” by white flight or urban sprawl must decide what level of support they can and should provide. This paper examines
corporate decisions within the emerging urban prosperity initiatives, using the framework of integrative social contract theory
proposed by Donaldson and Dunfee. We suggest that urban prosperity initiatives present a mandate on corporations sufficiently
strong as to qualify as an authentic norm. Further, we argue that strict adherence to a corporate bottom line approach or “corporate isolationism” is not congruent
with contemporary community standards.
Anita Cava is an Associate Professor of Business Law at the University of Miami’s School of Business Administration and serves
as Co-Director of the University of Miami’s Ethics Programs, a university-wide entity that promotes research, teaching and
service across the disciplines in areas of ethical interest and concern, and Director of Business Ethics Programs in the SBA.
Professor Cava received her B.A. with Distinction from Swarthmore College and her J.D. from New York University School of
Law, where she was a Hays Fellow. She joined the faculty after several years in private practice in Washington, D.C. and Miami.
Her experience ranged from national employment cases to commercial and consumer litigation. Professor Cava’s teaching specialties
are the legal environment of business and business ethics; here research interests concern legal and ethical aspects of healthcare
administration, business ethics and employment issues. She has published in law reviews and business journals on such topics
as “Advance Directives: Taking Control of End of Life Decisions,” “Law, Ethics and Management: Toward an Effective Audit”
and “The Collision of Rights and s Search for Limits: Free Speech in the Academy and Freedom from Sexual Harassment of Campus”.
Recipient of several School of Business Administration Excellence in Teaching Awards, Anita Cava was honored in 1996 by a
University-wide Excellence in Teaching Award. She regularly teaches in UM’s well-known Executive MBA Program and has received
Teaching Awards from these adult students as well. A frequent speaker on the topic of Business Ethics and Corporate Compliance,
Professor Cava’s audiences have included community groups, management trainees, top executives of several corporations, the
Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce Goals Conference and Leadership Florida, among others.
Don Mayer teaches ethics, legal environment of business, and environmental law at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan.
He is a full professor in the Department of Management and Marketing at the School of Business. He attended Duke University
Law School (J.D., 1973) and Georgetown University Law Center (Master of International and Comparative Law, 1985) and practiced
law in North Carolina from 1975–1990 after serving in the United States Air Force from 1973–75. He has taught as a visiting
professor at the University of Michigan, California Polytechnic State University, and the University of Iowa. He has been
at Oakland University since 1990 and served as Associate Dean in 2000 and 2001. Professor Mayer has published in related areas
of international law, environmental law, and corporate ethics. Recent publication include “Fort’s ‘Business as Mediating Institution’-A
Holistic View of Corporate Governance and Ethics,” in 41 American Business Law Journal (Summer 2004), “Yes! We Have No Bananas:
Forum Non Conveniens and Corporate Evasion,” Academy of Legal Studies International Business Law Review, vol. 4, at 130 (2004),
and “Corporate Governance in the Cause of Peace: An Environmental Perspective,” Vanderbilt Transnational Law Journal, Vol.
35, No. 2 (March 2002). An article on corporate free speech and the Nike v. Kasky case is forthcoming in the Business Ethics
Quarterly. 相似文献
10.
Nhung T. Nguyen M. Tom Basuray William P. Smith Donald Kopka Donald McCulloh 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,77(4):417-430
In this study, we examined moral issues and gender differences in ethical judgment using Reidenbach and Robin’s [Journal of Business Ethics
9 (1990) 639) multidimensional ethics scale (MES). A total of 340 undergraduate students were asked to provide ethical judgment
by rating three moral issues in the MES labeled: ‚sales’, ‚auto’, and ‚retail’ using three ethics theories: moral equity,
relativism, and contractualism. We found that female students’ ratings of ethical judgment were consistently higher than that
of male students across two out of three moral issues examined (i.e., sales and retails) and ethics theories; providing support
for Eagly’s [1987, Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role Interpretation. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Hillsdale, NJ, England)] social role theory. After controlling for moral issues, women’s
higher ratings of ethical judgment over men’s became statistically non-significant. Theoretical and practical implications
based on the study’s findings are provided.
Nhung T. Nguyen, assistant professor of human resource management at Towson University, received her Ph.D. in management from
Virginia Commonwealth University in 2001. Her research focuses on the use of situational judgement and personality tests in
personnel selection, ethics in management education, and the application of meta-analysis and structural equations modeling
in organizational research. Her research has appeared in the Journal of Applied Psychology, the International Journal of Selection and Assessment, Applied H.R.M. Research, and Journal of Applied Social Psychology among others.
M. Tom Basuray, Professor of Management at Towson University, received his Ph.D. in Business Administration in 1974 from University
of Oklahoma. His research interests are in areas of organizational effectiveness, leadership and development. His articles
have appeared in Journal of Organizational Change Management, Education & Psychological Measurement, International Journal of Management, Leadership
and Organizational Development Journal, and Journal of Experiential Learning and Simulation. He has consulted with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Broadcasting Corporation, and various state and municipal
government agencies both in Maryland and North Dakota.
William P.Smith, Associate Professor of Management in the College of Business and Economics at Towson University, received
his Ph.D. in Business Administration from Arizona State University in 1982. His research interests include business ethics,
privacy in the workplace and the role of social activism in corporate governance.
Donald Kopka, an Assistant Professor at Towson University, received his Ph.D., in International Business from George Washington
University in 1995. He teaches Business Strategy, Management Principles, and Entrepreneurship and Small Business, and was
Director of the Cornerstone-Professional Experience Program in the College of Business and Economics from 1999–2003. In 2004
he was a Fulbright Scholar in Vietnam where he taught entrepreneurship and business strategy, worked on curriculum development,
and conducted ongoing research on supporting industries. Information on his Fulbright experience can be found at his website
. His research interests include entrepreneurship, business development, and teaching pedagogy. He formerly ran a property
management business, was a program manager at the U.S. Small Business Administration, and served as a Peace Corps Volunteer
in the Philippines.
Donald N. McCulloh, Lecturer in Management at Towson University, received his M.S. degree in Financial Management from The
George Washington Unversity in 1968. He teaches Management Principles and has also taught Leadership. He served as Vice President
for Administration and Finance at Towson University until his retirement in 1997, since then he has been a full-time member
of the Management faculty. He has also served in the United States Air Force, and worked in several manufacturing industries
and the automotive industry. He was Executive Director of a non-profit community development corporation. 相似文献
11.
Lynne M. Andersson Robert A. Giacalone Carole L. Jurkiewicz 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,70(4):401-409
A longitudinal study of 308 white-collar U.S. employees revealed that feelings of hope and gratitude increase concern for
corporate social responsibility (CSR). In particular, employees with stronger hope and gratitude were found to have a greater
sense of responsibility toward employee and societal issues; interestingly, employee hope and gratitude did not affect sense
of responsibility toward economic and safety/quality issues. These findings offer an extension of research by Giacalone, Paul,
and Jurkiewicz (2005, Journal of Business Ethics, 58, 295-305).
Lynne M. Andersson, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Human Resource Management at the Fox School of Business and Management,
Temple University, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her teaching and scholarship focus on the dark side of business organizations;
in particular, she’s been examining some social maladies that are arguably associated with late capitalism (cynicism and incivility)
as well as the role of social activism in countering capitalist barriers to sustainability.
Robert A. Giacalone, Ph.D. is Professor of Human Resource Management at the Fox School of Business and Management, Temple
University, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His research interests focus on the impact of workplace spirituality and changing
values on business ethics. He is currently Co-editor of the Ethics in Practice book series.
Carole L. Jurkiewicz, Ph.D. is the John W. Dupuy Endowed Professor and Women’s Hospital Distinguished Professor of Healthcare
Management at Louisiana State University. She has published numerous research articles, books, and news articles on the topics
of organizational ethics, leadership, and behavior. 相似文献
12.
Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,70(2):209-220
The paper reconstructs in economic terms Friedman’s theorem that the only social responsibility of firms is to increase their
profits while staying within legal and ethical rules. A model of three levels of moral conduct is attributed to the firm:
(1) self-interested engagement in the market process itself, which reflects according to classical and neoclassical economics
an ethical ideal; (2) the obeying of the “rules of the game,” largely legal ones; and (3) the creation of ethical capital,
which allows moral conduct to enter the market process beyond the rules of the game. Points (1) and (2) position the Friedman
theorem in economic terms while point (3) develops an economic revision of the theorem, which was not seen by Friedman. Implications
are spelled out for an instrumental stakeholder theory of the firm.
Dr. Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto is researcher in business ethics at the School of Management of the University of Leicester,
UK. He holds two doctorates, one in social studies from the University of Oxford, UK, and one in economic studies from the
Catholic University of Eichstaett, Germany. He has widely published on green consumerism and institutional economic issues
that concern organization theory and business ethics theory. His publications include the books Understanding Green Consumer
Behaviour (Routledge, 1997 & 2003) and Human Nature and Organization Theory (Edward Elgar, 2003). 相似文献
13.
The Geographic,Political, and Economic Context for Corporate Social Responsibility in Brazil 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Margaret Ann Griesse 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,73(1):21-37
This paper provides an overview of corporate social responsibility in Brazil, a country of vast regional and economic differences.
Despite abundant natural resources and centers of advanced technology, large numbers of Brazilians live in poverty. Historical
factors, which to some extent explain Brazil’s social and economic inequalities – a long period of colonialism, followed by
populist reform, repressive military measures, foreign debt, unfair trade agreements, and problems of corruption – have persisted
into the current period of democratic reform, marked by economic and political trends toward democratization and corporate
social responsibility. This paper considers the civic and business organizations that have been developing strategies to encourage
social responsibility and government policies aimed at alleviating poverty. Despite progress, the complexity of the Brazilian
context presents challenges for social and economic equality.
Margaret Ann Griesse holds a Ph.D. in Education and International Development from the University of Frankfurt. She is currently
Coordinator of the Martha Watts Cultural Center at the Methodist University of Piracicaba, Brazil. 相似文献
14.
In this article, we describe an assignment undertaken by our third-year students at a University Business School in the United
Arab Emirates. The assignment serves to introduce corporate social responsibility and ethics in the undergraduate curriculum
and to raise student awareness of how corporate activity together with corporate social responsibility can impact a country’s
social, political, and cultural landscapes. We outline the assignment, student response to it, and its contribution to student
intellectual development in terms of ethical perspective, philanthropy versus ethics, economic development, and cultural diversity.
We discuss the implications of this learning experience for our students and their greater understanding of items within the
United Arab Emirates government’s strategic directions, namely, creating a cohesive society and a sustainable environment. 相似文献
15.
William Kline 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,105(2):163-174
Hume’s examination of the conventions of property, trade, and contract addresses the moral foundations that make business
possible. In this light, Hume’s theory of justice is also a foundational work in business ethics. In Hume’s analysis of these
conventions, both philosophers and game theorists have correctly identified “proto” game-theoretic elements. One of the few
attempts to offer a Humean theory of business ethics rests on this game-theoretic interpretation of Hume’s argument. This
article argues that game-theoretic reasoning is only one part of a Humean business ethics and this can be shown by further
analyzing Hume’s theory of justice. As we examine his theory, it becomes clear that Hume is not trying to show how it is always
rational to respect the rules of business. Hume is not engaging in, or attempting, a reconciliation project and neither is
a Humean business ethics. The final section of the article is a brief Humean analysis of the effectiveness of codes of ethics.
The purpose of this section is not to decide the issue but to show how a Humean approach is both useful, relevant, and involves
more than reconciling rationality and morality. 相似文献
16.
Scott John Vitell Encarnación Ramos Ceri M. Nishihara 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,91(4):467-483
Ethics has assumed a dominant position in the current economic debate, and this study focuses on ethics as a legitimate underpinning
to good business decision making. Using a self-response survey of marketing managers in Spain, the current theory on ethical
decision making is extended. Results support the mediating influence of the PRESOR construct (an individual’s perception of
the importance of ethics and social responsibility for the effectiveness of the organization) on relativistic and idealistic
moral thinking when one is considering the moral intensity of a situation. In addition, the study found support for the relationship
between relativism (negative), idealism (positive), corporate ethical values, and job satisfaction, thereby providing additional
support for the prior theory. Finally, a thorough review of the extant literature and suggestions for future ethics research
in the marketing field are included. 相似文献
17.
Of recent time, there has been a proliferation of concerns with ethical leadership within corporate business not least because of the numerous scandals at Enron, Worldcom, Parmalat, and two major Irish banks – Allied Irish Bank (AIB) and National Irish Bank (NIB). These have not only threatened the position of many senior corporate managers but also the financial survival of some of the companies over which they preside. Some authors have attributed these scandals to the pre-eminence of a focus on increasing shareholder value in Western business schools and/or to their failure to inculcate ethical standards. In this paper, we challenge these accounts and the aetiological view of knowledge from which they derive but are grateful for the consensus that they convey regarding the importance of business ethics. The paper focuses on different approaches to ethical leadership concluding with a view that some hybrid of MacIntyre’s virtue ethics and Levinas’s ethics of responsibility may serve as an inspiration for both educators and practitioners.
Dr. David Knights is a Professor of Organisational Analysis in the School of Economic and Management Studies at Keele University. He previously held chairs in Manchester, Nottingham and Exeter Universities. He is a founding and continuing editor of the journal Gender, Work and Organisation and his most recent books include: Management Lives, Sage, 1999 (with H. Willmott) and Organization and Innovation, McGraw-Hill, 2003 (with D. McCabe).
Majella O’Leary is a Lecturer in Management at the University of Exeter. Her research interests include corporate scandals, ethical leadership, disaster sensemaking, and organizational storytelling. Majella’s most recent publications have appeared in Human Relations and European Journal of Business Ethics. 相似文献
18.
Angela Ayios Ronald Jeurissen Paul Manning Laura J. Spence 《Business ethics (Oxford, England)》2014,23(1):108-124
Social capital has as its key element the value of social relationships to generate positive outcomes, both for the key parties involved and for wider society. Some authors have noted that social capital nevertheless has a dark side. There is a moral element to such a conceptualisation, yet there is scarce discussion of ethics within the social capital literature. In this paper ethical theory is applied to four traditions or approaches to economic social capital: neo‐capitalism; network/reputation; neo‐Tocquevellian; and development. Each is considered in detail and subject to ethical analysis by the application of utilitarianism, Kantianism, justice and rights, and ethic of care. Accordingly, the assumption that social capital is either value‐neutral or a force for good is critiqued, and a framework for understanding social capital from an ethics perspective is presented. 相似文献
19.
Matthias Ehrgott Felix Reimann Lutz Kaufmann Craig R. Carter 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(1):99-119
Despite the growing public awareness of social sustainability issues, little is known about what drives firms to emphasize
social criteria in their supplier management practices and what the precise benefits of such efforts are. This is especially
true for relationships with international suppliers from the world’s emerging economies in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern
Europe. Building on stakeholder theory, we address the issue by examining how pressures from customers, the government, and
employees as primary constituencies of the firm determine the extent to which firms consider social aspects in the selection
of emerging economy suppliers. Further, we analyze how such socially sustainable supplier selection relates to the capabilities
of the firm’s suppliers, its market reputation, and the learning in its supply management organization. We test the developed
research framework empirically using data from 244 U.S. and German corporations. Our findings, consistent with our hypothesized
model, suggest that middle-level supply managers as internal stakeholders play a major driving role for firms’ socially sustainable
supplier selection, and that strong positive links exist between that selection and the investigated outcomes. 相似文献
20.
Moses L. Pava 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(4):805-812
Former U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich, in his recent book Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life (2007), rejects outright the call for increased corporate social responsibility. He believes that social responsibility advocates
are wasting resources and efforts on a doomed project. This article suggests that while Reich raises several interesting concerns
in his counter-intuitive book, especially about the rise in corporate political power, ultimately his argument is unconvincing.
Worse yet, a careful reading suggests that Reich does not contemplate fully what it is he is asking business and society to
give up in his call to jettison corporate social responsibility. The notion of corporate social responsibility is itself an
extremely, valuable, and hard-won social asset. It is a vehicle for promoting transparency, more nuanced accountability, integrity,
better communication, mutually beneficial exchange, and sensible development. In providing a language and vocabulary to critique
business from both inside and outside its boundaries, it has becomes a necessary condition for business ethics and modern
capitalism. It is especially important in a world of increasing global economics. Nevertheless, it is an extremely fragile
asset. Books, like Reich’s Supercapitalism, that dismiss corporate social responsibility in such a facile way, are dangerous and risky in ways that perhaps even the
authors themselves are unaware. 相似文献