“一带一路”典型区土地利用变化热点区判别与其影响因素

目的 土地利用与覆盖变化是监测区域变化的重要方法,而发生剧烈变化的热点区域更是研究的重要部分,有效识别热点区并分析其影响因素可以为保护土地生态环境、有效利用土地资源提供科学支撑。方法 文章利用欧洲航天局（ESA）气候变化倡议的长期时间序列土地覆盖数据集（CCI-LC）对“一带一路”典型区土地利用与覆盖变化进行分析,根据变化面积、相对变化速率及其聚集程度建立了热点区域的识别方法,并分析了影响因素。结果 （1）根据土地覆盖变化结果表明,1992—2020年“一带一路”典型区内总共有5.46%的面积发生了变化,建设用地净增加面积最多,为24.61万km²,相对变化速率在2000—2010年最高,为76.94%。（2）热点识别结果表明,2000—2010年土地覆盖变化最剧烈,不同时期的热点区域内主要的转型特征不同,1992—2000年主要表现为耕地的增加,2000—2010年主要表现为林地和建设用地面积扩张,2010—2020年主要表现为建设用地面积增多和林地的砍伐与恢复。（3）热点区域集中分布在0~200m的海拔范围内,热点区域内的像元数量随海拔升高不断减少。（4）热带多雨气候区域内热点占比最大,而其他气候类型对热点区域内的像元数量的影响较小。（5）社会经济因素对于热点区域内的像元数量有着显著的影响,其中城市人口数量和国内生产总值最重要,两者结合可以解释全部热点的86.46%。结论 研究探明的热点区域和影响因素可以为“一带一路”典型区土地利用格局演变、区域土地利用规划和土地资源可持续利用提供决策支持。     

内江市土地利用动态变化特征研究

根据内江市1997-2005 年土地利用详查和变更数据,运用数理统计方法研究该市土地利用动态变化特征,结果表明:土地利用数量总体上呈现耕地、未利用地、水域面积减小,而园地、林地、牧草地、建设用地面积增大的趋势;各区县土地利用变化区域差异明显,且变化幅度大于内江市土地利用变化平均幅度;全市除市中区土地利用处于调整期以外,其他区县土地利用均处于发展期;从土地利用空间格局变化来看,优势度指数逐渐增大,而多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐减小,土地利用/覆盖的破碎程度呈现加强的趋势.     

泉州市土地利用／土地覆盖变化的时空特征研究

采集了泉州市的统计数据,以行政区划权属内的县(市、区)为分析单元,分析了土地利用/土地覆盖的时间演变化趋势和空间变化差异特征;研究表明,泉州市2001-2006年工业化快速推进、区域经济高速增长期间,土地利用/土地覆盖数量变化的速度高于国内平均水平,其中.交通用地与居民点及工矿用地两类土地的增长幅度最大,达6.35%和3.06%;市辖区鲤城、洛江、泉港和晋江、南安区市明显快于德化、安溪、永春西部山区3县和其他区市;泉州市土地利用/土地覆盖变化的总体特征与区域经济发展、产业布局及其工业化、城市化演变的特征十分吻合.     

云南边境地区近30年土地利用与覆盖变化研究

利用1976年的MSS、1995年的TM、2004年的TM三个时期遥感影像数据对云南边境地区的土地覆盖动态变化进行监测.选取了土地变化幅度、单一动态度、绝对动态度、综合动态度、土地综合利用程度和马尔柯夫模型六个指标,利用RS、GIS信息技术和数理统计方法,对云南边境地区土地利用的时空变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:土地覆盖主要以林地和裸地为主;土地覆盖变化幅度最显著的是建设用地和农田,而主导变化类型为林地和裸地;土地覆盖变化的主要方向是由林地向裸地和农田转化.     

基于RS和GIS的额济纳旗土地利用变化研究

基于Landsat卫星遥感数据,运用GIS方法,对额济纳旗1986-2000年以土地利用类型为表征的时空变化特征进行了研究.结果表明:14年来该区草地、林地、水域、耕地面积减少,居民工矿建设用地和未利用土地面积显著增加,土地利用动态转化过程以草地转化为未利用土地、林地转化为草地和未利用土地逆转为草地为主要特征,全旗土地利用的空间位置转换面积大于其数量变化.而气候变化和人类活动是导致研究区土地利用变化的主要因素.     

基于RS和GIS的武汉土地利用变化驱动力分析

由于城市的快速发展,城市土地利用变化越来越引起重视。以武汉市为研究区,基于RS和GIS技术手段,分析了1991~2005年武汉市土地利用变化幅度与单项土地利用类动态变化,在此基础上,分析了武汉市土地利用变化的驱动力。研究结果表明:(1)武汉市在1991年至2005年间,土地利用类型发生了较大的变化。主要表现在武汉市的农用地和未利用地的面积大幅度减少,建设用地的面积迅速增加,水体和绿地的面积变化保持稳定。(2)经济增长是影响武汉市土地利用变化的最主要因子,其次为人口增长因素。     

基于产权与利用视角的台中市土地变化分析

[目的]以我国台湾省台中市为研究对象,利用多源统计数据,对其2011—2015年土地产权变化及土地利用变化进行分析,以揭示台中市几年来土地产权变化和土地利用变化的主要特征。[方法]文章主要采用描述性分析和统计分析方法。[结果](1)2011—2014年台中市共计增加登记土地产权面积621 hm2,公私共有产权土地面积先减少后增加,至2014年达到643hm2。(2)已登记非都市土地总面积,从2011年起处于先减少、后增加的趋势,特别是2014年已登记非都市土地总面积增加较多,相对于2013年增加了1.4196万hm2。(3)都市发展区中的住宅用地、商业用地、文教用地、特定专用区的面积皆有增长,而工业用地、公共设施用地、其他区的面积有所下降;非都市发展区中的保护区面积比较稳定,而农业区、风景区和河川区的面积处在调整的状态。[结论](1)台中市私有土地面积占比处于下降趋势,但整体不是非常明显;土地所有制包括公有、私有和公私共有等多种形式完全可以共存;东南亚人取得的土地所有权数量在总体上增减变化不大;(2)台中市都市发展区用地虽有增长但增幅较小,而都市区土地、非都市区土地内部的用途竞争导致了各类用地功能区的面积此消彼长;土地所有制对城市用地扩展没有构成制约,即土地所有制不是城市发展的分歧所在;(3)非都市土地转换为都市土地,不仅取决于各类土地竞租能力的差异,还取决于都市发展计划与土地使用分区管制,土地用途转换应以经济高质量发展与居民社会福利增进为目标。最后,提出完善土地权利结构体系,增加公有土地面积占比来保障社会公共福利等政策建议。     

云南边境地区近3O年土地利用与覆盖变化研究

利用1976年的MSS、1995年的TM、2004年的TM三个时期遥感影像数据对云南边境地区的土地覆盖动态变化进行监测。选取了土地变化幅度、单一动态度、绝对动态度、综合动态度、土地综合利用程度和马尔柯夫模型六个指标，利用RS、GIS信息技术和数理统计方法，对云南边境地区土地利用的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：土地覆盖主要以林地和裸地为主；土地覆盖变化幅度最显著的是建设用地和农田，而主导变化类型为林地和裸地；土地覆盖变化的主要方向是由林地向裸地和农田转化．     

土地利用类型变化与生态系统服务价值分析——以赤峰市农牧交错带为例

随着经济的快速发展,土地利用变化频繁,生态问题日益凸显。为了探究土地利用与生态系统的密切联系,为生态建设提供理论依据,以内蒙古赤峰市农牧交错带为研究区,基于1997年、2004年和2011年的三期TM影像数据,运用土地利用动态度分析土地利用类型变化,并参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值的计算方法估算出研究区的生态系统服务价值。结果表明,研究区3期的耕、林、草面积均占土地总面积的90%左右;土地利用类型变化明显,在1997~2011年耕地面积先减少后增加,林地面积一直持续增加,草地面积不断减少;研究区的生态系统服务价值呈增长趋势,草地和林地对生态系统服务价值贡献最大,占总价值的85%左右;各土地利用类型的敏感性指数均小于1,说明研究区生态系统服务价值对所采用的生态服务价值系数缺乏弹性,研究结果具有一定可信度。土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值具有直接影响,科学合理利用土地对生态系统具有重要意义。     

大庆市土地利用/土地覆盖景观格局研究

利用遥感影像处理系统,对大庆市1978~2001年5个时段的TM影像进行处理,得到大庆市土地利用图;据图进行土地利用/土地覆盖景观格局分析,利用GIS软件计算出大庆市区土地利用/土地覆盖的破碎化、斑块形状、分离度、优势度、均匀性及多样性等景观指数,并对大庆市区土地利用/土地覆盖进行自相关分析;结果表明,作为一个典型的石油型城市,大庆市景观格局有其独特之处。     

Changes in and prospects for cultivated land use since the reform and opening up in China

Cultivated land provides the basic guarantee for food production and security, and changes in its utilization have been a focus of attention in China. Since China’s “reform and opening up,” major changes have taken place in the country’s social economy and cultivated land use. Based on statistical data analysis and literature review, this study systematically reviewed long-term changes in cultivated land use in China. On that basis, future trends are identified, which can provide new insights for future research on cultivated land use and protection management. The findings indicate that while cultivated land use is diversified, smallholder farmers still account for the main part. Further, the scale of cultivation is expanding but still fragmented, profits derived from land cultivation are slowly growing, and the proportion of those profits in total household income has dramatically declined. It was also found that the social security function of cultivated land has been weakened, cultivated land management has become more diversified, and grain output has risen steadily. To meet the needs of social and economic development, the government should promote the transfer of the “household” as a unit instead of “labor.” Moreover, innovation in the land use system should be stimulated based on industrial convergence, and policy incentives for ecological farming should be increased.     

Changes in land use, land tenure, and landscape fragmentation in the Tijuana River Watershed following reform of the ejido sector

Changes in land use and land tenure can influence both physical fragmentation and ownership fragmentation of landscapes, with implications for biodiversity. In this study, we evaluated changes in land use and land tenure in the Tijuana River Watershed, a region of high biodiversity and endemism, following the implementation of a new Agrarian Law which allowed for privatization and sales of communal land (ejidos) beginning in 1992. In order to understand changes in land use and cover, we constructed maps from aerial photographs and Aster images and measured changes between 1994 and 2005. In order to understand changes in land tenure, we collected data from Mexican government sources on ejido land size, ownership, and sales, and we conducted 55 structured interviews with ejidatarios in the watershed. Our results demonstrate that land-use/cover change between 1994 and 2005 was dominated by an increase in urban area and grasslands, and a decrease in coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and, to a lesser degree, agriculture. In particular, the conversion of coastal sage scrub has left a far more fragmented landscape than existed in 1994. In addition, most of the ejidos in the watershed, as well as individuals interviewed, had participated in some stage of the land certification and titling process allowed by the new Agrarian Law, resulting in substantial changes in land tenure. However, land tenure security appeared to play a larger role than a desire to sell land and, contrary to studies from other regions, full title to the land was obtained in a range of urban and rural settings, rather than primarily on land closest to urban zones. Our results suggest that past predictions regarding future urban growth and fragmentation of native vegetation in the region have proven accurate and highlights regions of change that merit further study.     

Dynamics and changes in spatial patterns of land use in Yellow River Basin,China

Rapid land use change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions of China over the past decade, such as in Yellow River Basin. In this paper, changes in the land use pattern of the Yellow River Basin were analyzed using Landsat TM data in 1990, 1995 and 2000. The aim was to improve the understanding of changes in land use with a view to identifying potentially more sustainable systems of land use. Firstly, the mathematical methodology was explored and developed for spatial pattern changes of land use, which include the degree index model of land use dynamic, index model of land use degree, mean center model of land use and transformation model of land use. Based on these models, the changing spatial patterns of land use were calculated and analyzed. During the period 1990–2000, the areas of cropland, built-up land and unused land all increased, the area of cropland increased dramatically by 2917 km², while the areas of grassland and woodland decreased by 4668 and 33 km², respectively. Meanwhile, the spatial pattern of land use also experienced a great change. Then the driving factors of land use change were investigated, the governmental policies on eco-environmental protection, population growth and meteorological conditions were the major factors that caused the land use change in the past decade.     

Monitoring land governance: Understanding roots and shoots

Despite a growing interest among land use policymakers to identify the indicators that measure changes in land tenure systems, little consensus exists about what framework can functionally analyze land tenure systems, and how it should be developed. The existing indicators have mainly focused on measuring the “effects” of land tenure (in)security and often neglected the “causes”. Hence, comprehensive monitoring of land tenure systems has been poorly understood and practiced. Given their multifaceted meanings, land and its related concepts have been a challenging issue for policymakers. Accordingly, the overall objective of this paper was to propose a functional and analytical framework on how to study monitoring land governance from roots to shoots through five main studies: i) understanding the historical trajectories of land, ii) recognizing institutional arrangements on land, iii) identifying land governance grammar, iv) defining land governance typology, and v) assessing land use changes. In line with this objective, the general research question of this study is how and by whom a monitoring system should be developed. Overall, this study can be considered as a conceptual framework that has been designed to conceptualize, develop, build, and apply a functional and analytical framework for formulating land governance grammar to explain how access to land is governed. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on both causes and effects of strong land governance (SLG) and weak land governance (WLG). The paper discusses that land governance allows various stakeholders to participate in government decisions and ensures the security of their livelihoods. However, land governance could be either poor or strong depending on the government decision-making process. The paper also concluded that SLG is a precondition for economic growth and poverty alleviation in rural areas of developing countries.     

Industrial land price between China’s Pearl River Delta and Southeast Asian regions: Competition or Coopetition?

The planned economy system’s previous form of industrial land market control in China has led to current market failure because of a large amount of industrial land being sold at a very low price, causing extensive overuse of land and negative effects on land management. As the “World Factory”, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is well known for its rapid urbanization largely driven by Foreign Direct Investment in labor-intensive industries. A low-land price strategy has been commonly adopted by the local government in order to attract industrial investment. In the past decade, the PRD has increasingly faced the increasing competition from its neighboring competition from its neighboring countries in Southeast Asia that have established preference policies to attract FDI and foreign enterprises. Despite a growing body of literature on the internal forces of industrial land in China, little is known of the external forces involved except for the importance of FDI and the intensity of interregional competition between China and other countries in attempting to attract foreign investment. This research fills the knowledge gap by modeling the situation in the form of an international cooperative game model aimed at revealing the industrial land price formation mechanism between the PRD region and Southeast Asian regions. The conditions of industrial land in the area and several Southeast Asian countries are first analyzed for their industrial land price movements in recent years. A game theoretic model is then built that exhibits similar characteristics. The result indicates that the governments’ low land price strategy and the competition between the PRD and its neighboring countries have created unnecessarily high social and environmental costs. Policy suggestions are made to encourage a more appropriate use of industrial land in China, and the most important being the need for a mindset shift from competition towards coopetition between the PRD and Southeast Asian regions.     

Regional economic transformation: Changing land and resource access on the West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island

The West Coast region of New Zealand has experienced significant structural economic changes since the 1980s. These changes have been a result of state imposed land use restrictions that limited productivist activities such as logging and mining, which in turn have been overlain by the effects of changes in national and global resource demand. This has led to both job loss and local resentment to what is seen to be external political and environmental interference in the region. Such changes overlay on-going boom-and-bust cycles experienced in the region’s resource dependent communities and the state’s pursuit of neo-liberalism from the 1980s, leading to the loss of state support and employment in the region. Regional path-dependence and ‘lock-in’ centred on productivist activities and the slow realisation of the need to diversify the economy have not helped. The region has under-performed in comparison with national trends economically and demographically reflecting and reinforcing local path dependence. The gradual growth of the service and tourism economies marks a new use for land resources and slow structural economic change. However, in the absence of governance processes that allow for collaborative planning to resolve conflicts over future trajectories for the region, conflicts over land uses, resources and access are likely to persist.     

长三角一体化发展下城市地价时空格局及影响机制研究

研究目的：基于2008—2019年长三角城市地价数据,实证分析地价增长及空间分异格局、机制。研究方法：计量经济和社会网络分析方法。研究结果：（1）长三角城市地价历经复苏增长、相对企稳、快速增长和平稳增长4个阶段;（2）城市间地价差异整体缩小,并且呈现出一定的空间依赖性;（3）不同层级城市地价受到核心城市地价变化影响而呈现出相似变动和关联特征;（4）长三角区域地价空间关联格局成因主要是要素流动聚集效应与市场联动。研究结论：当前一体化发展背景下,长三角城市地价一体化效应还不强,应进一步出台区域协调发展政策,促进土地要素流动、土地市场整合与地价协同发展。     

青海东部河湟地区建设用地时空变化分析

应用土地利用现状调查与变更调查数据,分析了青海东部河湟地区建设用地结构、规模数量及空间分布随时间变化的规律与特点.研究结果表明,建设用地规模迅速扩张,城镇建设用地与农村居民点用地同步增长;建设用地集约节约水平不高,建设用地外延扩展占用耕地现象较为突出.青海高原东部经济发展所带来的建设用地的扩张与耕地的减少给区域土地资源...     

Future play: tourism,recreation and land use

Recent changes in land use for tourism and recreation have been driven by socio-demographic shifts, increases in disposable time and incomes, technological changes, transport developments, and emerging systems of policy and governance. Combined with changes in consumption preferences, these have led to general but differentiated increases in tourism and recreation. Outbound tourism has grown more rapidly than inbound, which has led to some displacement of land use demands. In the case of recreation, there are shifts between at home and outdoor recreation, and changes in the content and location of each. The resulting land use trends can be understood in regional, intra-regional (urban versus rural versus coastal) and temporal terms. Future trends are considered in terms of how this broad set of drivers and the relationships between them are being and are likely to be transformed.     

Assessing land reallocation decisions during transition in Romania

The post-socialist countries underwent dramatic changes in agricultural land ownership and production system. Former socialist collective farms have been dismantled, rural land has been privatized, and land markets have been formalized. Nevertheless, more than a decade later farming associations still persist in the choices that landowners make in terms of land reallocation despite collective action problems and the availability of leasing-out land as a close substitute. While the decision of farming the land individually has been well understood, there is less research on why landowners join farming associations rather than participate in land transactions. The paper examines this question using household survey data from the two largest agro-regions in Romania. I find that farming associations constitute a good land reallocation option for landowners that are resource constrained but are still willing and able to be engaged in farming. Associations provide security of tenure and capital access, allowing landowners to draw on the benefits of scale economies. Leasing-out is a viable alternative for younger landowners who can engage in non-farming activities and for older landowners with limited farming abilities.