供应链企业文化一致性对供应链效果的影响——来自供应链上下游企业的比较

企业文化和供应链管理都是能够提升企业竞争力的现代管理方式,二者的结合可以在整条供应链中进一步提升竞争力。本文从供应链上下游企业的不同角度,就企业文化的一致性对供应链效果产生的影响进行了实证研究,发现供应链企业文化的一致性将正向影响企业的信任和奉献程度,进而影响供应链成员企业的满意水平和供应链绩效,最终影响供应链的市场竞争地位。进一步研究发现供应链企业文化一致性对信任和满意程度的影响在制造商和供应商方面更明显,而信任和满意程度对供应链绩效的影响则在销售商方面更加显著。     

基于模糊综合评价法的酒店供应链风险评价研究

企业运用供应链管理,提高企业核心竞争力和增加利润的同时,也面临着供应链管理带来的一系列风险。文中通过分析酒店供应链模型及其特点,识别出酒店供应链所面临的风险,构建了酒店供应链风险评价指标体系和模糊综合评价模型,并通过实证分析酒店供应链的风险水平。.     

突发事件引致供应链中断风险分析和防范策略研究

随着经济全球一体化的纵深推进,供应链各节点之间的联系越来越复杂;加之供应链的不稳定性和脆弱性不断增强,供应链中断风险防范和应对的问题不断引发关注.本文以重大突发事件的发生为背景,剖析因突发事件而引致的供应链中断因素及对现有防范策略进行总结与归纳.为小微企业防范突发事件引致的中断风险提供了更加适用的决策参考.     

基于降低供应中断风险的供应链管理研究

随着供应链全球化、一体化的加深,其所面临的中断风险越来越大,文章给出了供应中断风险的定义及其特点,研究了供应中断风险的管理方法,并基于此提出了企业降低供应中断风险的供应链模式。     

关键核心产品供应中断风险传染研究——基于马尔可夫链与SEIS传染机制

关键核心产品供应中断问题制约着供应链整体效用的实现。以供应商为研究对象,基于关键核心产品供应流程特征,引入SEIS传染机制中的企业节点度、受染概率、风险治理能力等参数变量;运用马尔可夫链构建关键核心产品供应中断风险传染模型,并通过数值仿真分析关键核心产品供应中断传染机理及影响因素。研究表明关键核心产品供应中断风险通过制造商将供应中断风险传染给其他供应商,造成供应中断风险的蔓延;通过EXCEL仿真验证初始状态关键核心产品供应商违约数、节点企业度与完全中断状态节点比例增加成正相关。解决关键核心产品的供应中断风险传染问题开辟了一条新途径,为预防供应中断风险提供决策基础。     

新冠疫情下精益生产企业供应链中断风险应对机制研究

精益生产作为一种持续改进的生产模式，以精简作为改进的核心。新冠疫情爆发后的一系列疫情防控政策实施，对精益生产企业产生了重大影响，精益生产企业面临着供应链中断的风险。本文在归纳精益生产模式运作特点基础上，从挑战和机遇两方面剖析新冠疫情对精益生产企业供应链造成的影响，并提出防止供应链中断的应对机制。结果表明，挑战方面，疫情防控政策的实施导致精益生产企业出现复工复产困难、及时供应和成本控制受到挑战、定制化需求减少和商品出售困难等问题；机遇方面，新冠疫情能够促进精益生产企业员工和供应商选择的优化整合、促进精益生产企业产业升级、增强供应链管理人员风险管理能力。为了有效防止供应链中断，精益生产企业应从供应链风险管理的事前预防、事中控制和事后改进三个维度出发，强化精益生产企业供应链各环节的协同合作，共同抵御供应链中断风险的发生。     

关系资本、供应链整合与创新绩效关系

通过引入供应链整合中介变量构建关系资本与创新绩效的理论模型,研究供应链上关系资本对创新绩效的作用机制,对180家制造企业进行实证调查,并运用结构方程模型方法对其进行实证检验。结果表明:关系资本的信任对承诺有显著的正向作用;信任和承诺对创新绩效均有显著的正向作用,且供应链整合在关系资本与创新绩效之间起着部分中介作用,这说明了成员间的信任与承诺对供应链资源整合起到关键作用。为此,企业要充分发挥关系资本的作用,注重供应链整合的重要性,以促进信息共享和交换,进而提高创新绩效。     

供应链企业间机会主义行为对合作绩效的影响——交互能力和信任的中介作用

网络经济时代,加强供应链管理,有效控制机会主义行为,实现供应链企业间协同作用已成为提升企业绩效水平的关键。文章通过文献梳理,构建了机会主义行为、交互能力、信任与合作绩效的关系模型,利用156家企业的样本数据,运用结构方程模型,对上述关系模型进行了实证分析。研究结果显示:供应链企业间机会主义行为对交互能力、信任与合作绩效有显著的负向影响;供应链企业间信任对交互能力与合作绩效有显著的正向影响;供应链企业间交互能力对合作绩效有显著的正向影响;在机会主义行为与合作绩效之间的关系研究中,交互能力和信任起中介作用。     

基于供应链视角的供应商风险识别研究

供应链风险识别,是供应链风险管理过程中的首要阶段,是供应链风险管理的基础。供应商作为供应链的始点,一直是供应链管理的重点。供应商风险管理是供应链风险管理的关键。在系统地梳理供应商风险来源的基础上,建立了供应商风险指标体系;并将供应商风险分为竞争型风险、中断型风险、制度型风险和战略型风险四类,进一步利用风险频度–风险损失矩阵对四类风险进行定位分析;最后提出了每类风险的管理对策与措施建议。研究结论为,企业实际的供应商风险管理提供理论借鉴。     

基于人工免疫的乳品供应链质量安全风险预警研究

针对日益凸显的乳品质量安全问题,建立及时有效的乳品预警机制已经变得至关重要。文中从供应链的角度构建乳品质量安全风险指标体系。结合人工免疫及负选择算法并加以改进,建立基于人工免疫的乳品质量安全风险模型,并对某乳品企业的乳品质量安全风险进行了预警分析。研究结果表明文中建立的乳品质量安全风险预警模型能够定量分析乳品质量安全状态并有效预警,为实施乳品安全供应链监管提供了新思路和方法。     

复杂供应链网络风险识别下的审计质量研究——基于全球断供冲击的视角

通过重点考察复杂供应链网络风险识别下的审计质量，研究发现全球断供冲击下我国下游企业供应链运营的中断风险显著提升了审计质量。作用机制表明，全球断供冲击会影响审计师执业风险，进而提高下游企业的审计质量。异质性分析显示，上述效应在事务所信息化水平高、企业供应商集中度低、审计师具备行业专长及大规模事务所的样本中更加显著。经济后果检验表明，在全球断供冲击下高质量审计供给有助于降低企业股价同步性，提高资本市场定价效率。研究结论不仅丰富了供应链网络风险与审计质量的相关研究，也为识别复杂供应链网络风险传播机理、增强供应链竞争力提供了理论依据与经验参考。     

Firm's resilience to supply chain disruptions: Scale development and empirical examination

This paper expands our understanding of factors that contribute to development of firm resilience to supply chain disruptions. In doing so, we operationalize firm resilience to understand how supply chain disruption orientated firms can develop resilience to supply chain disruptions. We find that supply chain disruption orientation alone is not enough for a firm to develop resilience. Supply chain disruption oriented firms require the ability to reconfigure resources or have a risk management resource infrastructure to develop resilience. The way in which supply chain disruption oriented firms develop resilience through resource reconfiguration or risk management infrastructure depends on the context of the disruption as high impact or low impact. In a high impact disruption context, resource reconfiguration fully mediates the relationship between supply chain disruption orientation and firm resilience. In a low impact disruption context, supply chain disruption orientation and risk management infrastructure have a synergistic effect on developing firm resilience.     

The strategies of supply chain risk management – a synthesis and classification

This paper conducts an in-depth systematic literature review of 86 peer-reviewed academic journal articles on supply chain risk management (SCRM) strategies from 2000 to mid-2015. The findings indicate a variety of dispersed supply chain risk (SCR) mitigating strategies and suggest a more homogeneous use of terminology. Moreover, the analysis also reveals insufficient evidence for the effect of SCRM on performance. The current study groups and synthesises the various SCRM strategies into proactive and reactive approaches for the ante and the post disruption state and classifies them according to the different supply chain types. Altogether the findings provide essential practical and theoretical contributions to strategic responses to adverse incidents by creating a unique conceptual framework of SCRM strategies and providing direction towards promising areas of research.     

Buyer perceptions of supply disruption risk: A behavioral view and empirical assessment

As supply chains become more complex, firms face increasing risks of supply disruptions. The process through which buyers make decisions in the face of these risks, however, has not been explored. Despite research highlighting the importance of behavioral approaches to risk, there is limited research that applies these views of risk in the supply chain literature. This paper addresses this gap by drawing on behavioral risk theory to investigate the causal relationships amongst situation, representations of risk, and decision-making within the purchasing domain. We operationalize and explore the relationship between three representations of supply disruption risk: magnitude of supply disruption, probability of supply disruption, and overall supply disruption risk. Additionally, we draw on exchange theories to identify product and market factors that impact buyers’ perceptions of the probability and magnitude of supply disruption. Finally, we look at how representations of risk affect the decision to seek alternative sources of supply. We test our model using data collected from 223 purchasing managers and buyers of direct materials. Our results show that both the probability and the magnitude of supply disruption are important to buyers’ overall perceptions of supply disruption risk. We also find that product and market situational factors impact perceptions of risk, but they are best understood through their impact on perceptions of probability and magnitude. Finally, we find that decisions are based on assessments of overall risk. These findings provide insight into the decision-making process and show that all three representations of risk are necessary for fully understanding risky decision-making with respect to supply disruptions.     

Enhancing hospital supply chain performance: A relational view and empirical test

Improving hospital supply chain performance has become increasingly important as healthcare organizations strive to improve operational efficiency and to reduce cost. In this study, we propose a research model based on a relational view, delineating the factors that influence hospital supply chain performance: trust, knowledge exchange, IT integration between the hospital and its suppliers, and hospital–supplier integration. Testing results of the research model based on data from a sample of 117 supply chain executives from U.S. hospitals show positive direct effects: (1) from trust and from IT integration to knowledge exchange respectively; (2) from knowledge exchange and from IT integration to hospital–supplier integration respectively; and (3) from hospital–supplier integration to hospital supply chain performance. The results also show the following indirect effects: (1) the influences of knowledge exchange and IT integration on hospital supply chain performance are partially and fully mediated by hospital–supplier integration, respectively and (2) the influences of trust and IT integration on hospital–supplier integration are fully and partially mediated by knowledge exchange, respectively. In addition, the results show the following moderating effects: (1) hospital system membership moderates the relationships between IT integration and knowledge exchange and between trust and knowledge exchange; (2) hospital environmental uncertainty moderates the relationship between trust and knowledge exchange; and (3) trust moderates the relationship between knowledge exchange and hospital–supplier integration. Implications of the study findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

供应链质量风险的应急管理研究

分析了供应链环境下质量风险的形成机理及特点，从核心理念和具体操作两个层面研究了供应链质量风险事件发生后的应急管理问题，提出了以供应链的最终产品质量风险为对象的应急管理模式。     

考虑责任违规中断的负责任采购博弈

随着全球供应链的发展,供应商过程违规越来越成为供应中断的常见原因。为改善过程合规性,很多跨国公司已经在全球范围内,尤其是发展中国家实施负责任采购。针对供应商-采购方过程行为建模内生化责任违规中断风险,构建采购方和风险供应商之间的Stackelberg博弈模型,研究订货比例、成本结构等对决策产生的影响。通过比较静态分析发现,在责任违规中断风险下,即使跨国公司的订单占比较小,风险供应商也有动力不断提高合规水平直至完全合规。这说明跨国公司可通过游说当地政府提高对过程违规行为的监管和惩罚,以此激励风险供应商提高合规努力。     

用实物期权增进供应链效率

将金融期权的思想和方法运用到企业经营实力，拓展和深化了期权思想的应用领域，而基于期权思想的供应链整体绩效改进的研究正日益引起理论界和企业界的关注。面对动态、复杂和激励的竞争态势，实物期权在投资决策中已经获得了相当程度的应用，但在供应链模型的应用中仍然缺少具有一般性、可操作的范式。因此，实物期权将更紧密的参与到企业战略制定过程，并被提升到战略管理的高度。论文对实物期权发展历程，理论界以及实务界对实物期权研究和应用情况进行了梳理，并总结了期权思想在供应链风险管理和整体设计中的研究进展。     

Supply chain vulnerability assessment: A network based visualization and clustering analysis approach

Supply chains are large, complex, and often unpredictable. Purchasing and supply managers and supply chain risk managers need methods and tools to enable them to quickly understand how unexpected disruptions in the supply chain start and grow and to what extent will they negatively impact the flow of goods and services. This paper introduces a methodological approach that can be used by both researchers and managers to quickly visualize a supply chain, map out the propagation path of disruptive events from the supply side to the end customer and understand potential weaknesses in the supply chain design; taking into account the structure, connectivity, and dependence within the supply chain. The approach incorporates a Petri net and Triangularization Clustering Algorithm to offer insights into a supply chain network's vulnerabilities and can be used to efficiently assess supply chain disruption mitigation strategies, especially in complex and difficulty to analyze supply chain systems.     

供应链上下游企业不合作信息博弈的应急协调分析

以供应系统的突发事件为研究对象,确定制造商作为供应链中的核心企业,引进紧急系数的概念,实现突发事件下对供应品的分类管理,在此基础上以制造商获得供应商告知实情,防止劣质产品供应以及期望收益的最大化为准则,对供需双方冲突进行博弈分析,从时间、收益等多个维度刻画突发事件可能造成的危害和可挽救度,建立不同等级供应品的供应系统动态应急模型,并分多阶段对突发事件进行动态协调,促进突发事件的快速恢复。最后通过实际案例,分析供应商和制造商的期望收益,给出不同等级供应品的应急预案流程,并对流程优化以及日常运营管理提出相应的建议。