China's Communications

In 1994, highway and waterway transportation developed rapidly. On highways, passenger transportation increased 6.4% over 1993, the turnover rate of passengers increased 12%; cargo transportation increased 6.4%, the turnover rate of cargoes increased 10.1%. The loading and unloading quantity of major ports increased 6.2%, while the loading and unloading quantity of foreigntrade cargoes increased 11.1%. Highways open to traffic reached 1.11 million km, among which 1, 600 km were high-speed highways, including newly-built 458 km, and 9, 174 km were first- and secondgrade special highways for automobiles, including newly-built 179 km. Twenty deep water berths were built along the seacoast with newly-increased loading and unloading capacity of 25.8 million     

China's Petrochemicals

China's petrochemical enterprises are one of the key industrial sectors of China's national economy. Among China's top 50 state-owned enterprises, there are a dozen petrochemical enterprises.     

China's Food

Tonghua grape wine is made from the fermented juice of wild grapes. In the forest of the Changbai mountains in northeast China, there are wild grape vines, producing a purplish red grape with rich purplish red juice, high acid and pure aroma, that is good for making wine.     

China's Aviation Market

In the excellent situation of reform, opening to the outside world, development and stability, the China civil aviation transport industry, which plays a leading role in the development of the national economy, is developing steadily. Its speed of development ranks first in the world and is the focus of world attention. In 1994, China's total air freight turnover reached 5.84 billion tons/km, an increase of 14 times compared with that of 1980, an     

China's Electronics Industry

Since the Eighth Five-year Plan period (1991-1995), China's electronics Industry has obtained remarkable success, especially in the technical level, product level, industrial structure, operational mechanism and managerial mode, which are expressed as follows: 1. The major targets for the electronics industry under the Eighth Five-year Plan were reached two years ahead of schedule. The electronics industry enjoyed an average annual growth rate of 26% in total output value in the three years from 1991 to 1993. During the Eighth Five-     

China's Food Industry

Since the reform and opening policy was introduced, China's food industry has been developing rapidly. In the 1980s the total output value increased 10% each year on average. From 1991 to 1995, the total output value rose 13.5% every year on average. In 1996, the total output value of food industrial enterprises was RMB680 billion, equal to     

China's Shipbuilding Competitiveness

At the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan period,a gloriousnew page was added to the historyof Chinese shipbuilding:for thefirst time China exported two 10,000ton bulk cargo carriers to Japan,the leading shipbuilding nation inthe world,with their delivery andlaunch held at the TianjinShipbuilding Company.In 1995,the China Shipbuilding IndustryCorporation received new shiporders of over 2.4 million tons,With a value of US＄1.5 billion.Ofthem,the exported ships accountedfor 99 percent and orders fromdeveloped countries and regionsaccounted for 90 percent.Atpresent,the Corporation'saggregated shipbuilding output isover 1.7 million tons,twice as muchas that of the 1980s,and its placein the world's shipbuilding outputhas risen from the 16th to the 4th.     

China's Overseas Investment

Usually, China's overseas investment refers to direct investment (capital, equipment, technology, patent fights and trademark) from Chinese enterprises, corporations and other organizations to set up overseas joint ventures, cooperative operations, wholly-owned enterprises or other types     

China's Insurance Market

China's insurance system was introduced from abroad in the 19th century. Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, only a few metropolises had insurance organizations, so China's insurance industry was under developed and economically backward. Soon after the founding of New China, the People's Insurance Company of China (PICC) was set up in October 1949. When     

China's Torch Plan

Nature and Aim of Torch Plan The torch plan is a guiding plan for the development of China's new hi-tech industry. It was approved by the State Council and organized for implementation by the State Science and Technology Commission. The aim is to carry out the general policy of reform and opening, and bring into play the superiority and potentiality of China's scientific and technological force, as well as     

China's Machinery Industry

The machinery industry is the equipment industry for the national economy. Its development level has a direct effect on the technical level and economic returns in all fields of the national economy. Since the founding of new China, the machinery industry has developed very rapidly; especially since the reform and opening drive, it has reached a climax in growth speed,thus raising the technical level. Outstanding achievements have been made in production, technology and foreign trade. So far, China's machinery industry has become one of the largest industries, with a complete category of products, a fairly large scale and a strong technical basis. The number of its enterprises, and     

China's Cosmetics Trade

In more than a decade since 1980, the number of producing enterprises in China's cosmetics trade has developed from some twenty to over two thousand, and annual sales amount has increased from RMB0.3 billion to 10 billion; one now has difficulty in finding at.cosmetics counter in shopping malls the skin protection products that dominated the market for more than three decades. Instead, there are Chinese products of famous brands, joint venture products,     

China's Refrigerator Market

China's refrigerator industry developed at a rapid pace in the 1980s when the purchase of household electrical appliances was progressing the country. More than half of the refrigerator enterprises disappeared from the market in ten years of bitter competition. However, seven brands of refrigerators——Changling, Shangling, Rongsheng, Qindao, Meiling, Zhongyi and Shuanglu——have captured 90% of the market with their high quality products, after-sales service, new product development and financial viability. Between 1955 and 1977, China     

China's Trails-CenturyEnvironmental Protection

Throughyearsofefforts,Chinahasonthewholeavoidedthesituationthateconomygrowsbutenvironmentdeteriorates,andsomecitiesandregionsshowimprovementinenvironmentprotection.1.ProgressofEnvironmentalProtectionWork(Policies,legislation,standardandregulationforenvironmentalprotection.)Chinahasformulatedthreepoliciesonenvironmentalprotection,namelythepoliciesonpreventionfirst,andcombinationofpreventionandtreatment,onpolluters'payment,andonintensifyingenvironmentaladministration.Chinahasalsopromulgatedsix…     

China's Energy Mix

To realize China's modernization of economy,two approaches are indispensable—further industrialization and urbanization.But neither can we get to without sufficient energy supply.The problem is how we will deal with the increasing demand for energy. Nearly 70% of China's primary energy is derived from its vast coal reserves—the second in the world.But coal is an aggressive pol- lutant,and one of the main sources of greenhouse gases.What's more, most of China's coal mines are far from the centers of economic activi- ties,thus creating problematic transportation bottlenecks.Gas,which is much cleaner,is in limited supply and faces similar geographical challenges,requiring costly pipeline infrastructure.The spectacular car boom has made China the second largest consumer of oil in the world (after the U.S.).This has put considerable pressure on energy supplies,and with imports from such countries as Saudi Arabia,the geopolitical tensions are not negligible. By Editor     

China's Capital Outflow

Sincetheintroductionofthereformandopeningin1978,theliberalizationofChina'seconomyhasbroughtalargeamountofforeign-capitalinflow,butsimultaneouslyapartofthecapitalhasflowedagainoutofChina,andthephenomenonofcapitaloutflowhasemerged.Since1997,financialcrisisinSoutheastAsiahastriggeredalarger-scalecapitaloutflow,attractingcloseattentionfromtheChinesegovernment.Chineseofficialmagazine"FortnightlyTalks"reportedthatin1998,peoplewereunabletoforgetastrangestatisticalnumber:China'sfavorablebalanceoffo…     

China's Titanium Industry

Chinaranksfirstintheworldintitaniumreserves,nearly870milliontonsexplored,accountingfor60percentoftheworldtotal.Atpresent,Chinahasdevelopedanexcellentindustrysystemoftitaniumproduction-frommining,spongytitaniumproduction,andforgingtoproduction,titaniumcomponentsandmanufacturing,andhasanannualproductioncapacityof350,000tonsoffinetitanium,3,650tonsofspongytitanium,2,800tonsoftitaniummaterials,600tonstitaniumforgingcomponentsand400tonsoftitaniumequipment.Chinahasbecomealargecountryinthetitaniumind…     

China's Regional Autonomy

China is a vast country with a long history and splendid culture. One reason for this is that the Chinese nation consists of many ethnic groups. They have lived, procreated, struggled and made creative achievements on this land for several thousand years. China is a big family consisting of 56 ethnic groups. While the Han ethnic group has the largest population, the population of the other 55 ethnic groups is relatively small, so they are customarily referred to as "ethnic minorities."     

China's Shipping Market

Since the New China, the nation's ports have been under the centralized control and development program of the Ministry of Traffic, with a separate shipping line. With the growth of the national economy and foreign trade after reform and opening to the outside world, it has become more evident that construction of coastal ports has lagged behind. To catch up, China is opening its     

China's Securities Market

At a time when the Chinese economy has experienced a rapid development in the past 14 years, China's securities market came into being and grew with the deepening economic reform. Recently, Prof. Liu Hongru,Chairman of the China Securities Supervision Commission, gave a detailed account of the existing situation and