黑龙江省银行汇率避险产品发展现状及对策

汇改重启后,各类经济主体避险意识显著增强,对汇率避险产品的需求更为迫切。从黑龙江省外汇指定银行汇率避险产品发展现状谈起,以案例分析的形式,综合评估目前在用的避险产品特性,分析其对国际收支及跨境资金流动的影响,从国家监管、银行经营管理和企业层面剖析了黑龙江省银行汇率避险产品发展的制约因素,提出了相关政策建议,以更好地支持和加强银行汇率避险服务。     

Sources of Real Exchange Rate Variability:

The effect of real exchange rate variability on the demand for agricultural imports by developing countries has potentially important implications for U.S. exporters because of the potential for expanded trade. This study uses the Edwards model (1987) to investigate variations in monetary factors, terms-of-trade, and trade policy (openness) as sources of Trinidad and Tobago's real exchange rate variability. Given that the influence of these factors on the determination of real exchange rate variability may be affected by the way in which trade-weighted-exchange-rate indexes are constructed, indexes for corn and wheat were used. The results indicate that although reductions in terms-of-trade variation yield reductions in exchange rate variability, monetary disturbances display both of the real-exchange-rate-variability-increasing and decreasing effects depending on the index used. Thus, the results do not support any clear set of policy actions through which export opportunities could be expanded for U.S. agricultural commodities.     

人民币汇率变动影响中国农产品出口贸易的实证研究

J曲线效应理论是探讨汇率变动影响出口贸易的重要理论之一,本文主要通过构建计量经济学模型对人民币汇率影响中国农产品出口贸易进行实证研究,结果表明该理论在人民币汇率影响中国农产品出口贸易方面得到了证实。研究还进一步显示,中国农产品出口与当年人民币的实际有效汇率显著地呈反向相关关系,且与前2年的人民币名义汇率变动的反向相关程度大于当年的实际有效汇率。此外,出口退税率和技术性贸易壁垒对农产品的出口贸易也产生了较大的影响。     

人民币实际有效汇率变动对我国木质家具出口贸易影响

汇率是一个国家进行国际经济活动时最重要的综合性价格指标。在经济全球化这一新形势下,出口贸易作为带动经济增长、合理配置资源、引进先进技术和设备及经营理念的有效手段,对促进我国经济迅猛发展具有重要作用。基于迅速发展的我国木质家具出口贸易,汇率变动对其影响越发显著,因此认清这一影响以规避汇率风险则势在必行。     

汉代马种的引进与改良

汉代是中国养马业大获发展的时期，由于同周边民族的战争，疆域的扩展以及对外关系的不断发展，大量外来的马种被引入，利用外来马种对本地马种进行改良也提上了日程，经过几百年的选育培养，使得内地马种得到根本性的改良，从考古资料看汉代马种比前代大大进步。     

人民币汇率变动对我国木质家具出口贸易的影响及应对措施

目前人民币汇率的浮动弹性在逐渐扩大,而汇率波动对我国出口贸易的影响也在逐渐加深。我国是世界第一大家具出口国,研究人民币汇率变动对我国木质家具出口贸易的影响意义深远。在分析人民币汇率变动对木质家具出口贸易影响的基础上,提出了我国木质家具产业的应对措施。     

完善土地政策体系 促进社会和谐发展

在土地政策参与宏观调控的实践中,土地不仅像货币一样起着宏观调控“中间体”的作用,更为重要的是土地通过资源和价值两种形态参与宏观经济运行,在社会经济运行中承担着生产功能、分配功能、消费功能和社会稳定功能,能够有效地促进社会和谐发展。文章从理论上对土地政策参与宏观调控的体系,包括政策最终目标、中介目标、操作工具和传导机制等进行了探讨。     

拉动消费需求促进经济增长的财政政策选择

本文从理论上分析了消费需求对经济增长的影响,就当前我国面对世界金融危机的消费需求不足问题进行了探讨,从财政政策角度提出了促进消费需求的对策建议。     

推进海洋疏浚泥资源化综合利用的对策

文章阐述了我国海洋疏浚泥产生情况及其传统的海洋倾倒处置所带来的环境生态问题,分析了未来发展趋势,并从可持续发展视角提出疏浚泥处置应严格限制海上倾倒,走资源化综合利用的道路,应用于填土工程、水利工程、道路工程及建材产品等,并就其综合利用的现状及产业发展所面临的困难作了分析.根据我国现行海洋疏浚泥管理体制及产业化运作机制,着重从管理理念、产业扶持、招商引资、税收优惠、产品补贴、规划布局、监督管理、技术研发、标准制定及信息服务等方面提出相应的对策,以促进疏浚泥综合利用产业化的发展.     

TBT规则及其对我国农产品出口影响的研究综述

TBT的定义“贸易技术壁垒(Technical Barriers To Trade-TBT)”一词，正式出现于世界贸易组织的《贸易技术壁垒协定》(WTO／TBT协议)中，但该协议并没有对技术壁垒进行明确的定义，一种流行的观点认为，贸易技术壁垒就是技术性贸易措施(Donna Roberts，Timothy E．Josling，and David Orden，2000；叶柏林，2002；郭从彭，2001等)。但也有很多研究者根据研究的需要对贸易技术壁垒进行了定义。如高文书(2003)认为所谓贸易技术壁垒就是指，由于各国的标准、技术法规、合格评定程序、检验检疫措施等技术性贸易措施的体系不同，或水平不同，或信息不足，或不能相互协调，或歧视性制定和实施而给国际贸易造成的障碍。     

人民币汇率变动对我国大豆国际贸易的影响

本文运用计量模型估计人民币汇率变动对我国大豆国际贸易的影响方向和影响程度.结果表明,人民币升值将同时导致我国大豆的出口额和进口额增加,带来我国大豆进出口贸易总额的增长.但由于出口增加的幅度远低于进口增加的幅度,人民币升值难以改变我国大豆进出口贸易格局.     

Is Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Pork Meat Export Prices Constrained by the Supply of Live Hogs?

The impact of lags in the production and marketing of agricultural products on the degree of exchange rate pass-through in export prices is investigated. The predictions of the theoretical model are tested by investigating Canadian pork export prices in the United States and Japan. The empirical methodology accounts for unit root and cointegration using the dynamic seemingly unrelated regression framework and a minimum distance estimator. Predetermined hog supplies have a statistically significant impact on export prices of two out of three Canadian provinces. The degree of misspecification involved with standard pass-through models that do not account for production lags is also illustrated.     

Development Assistance and Exports: The Case of the United States

The relationship of development assistance and exports has been a controversial subject in recent years. U.S. public organizations feel that development assistance, particularly for research, while intended primarily and immediately to encourage economic development in low-income nations, will also help increase the effective demand for agricultural exports. Some commodity-oriented U.S. farm groups, on the other hand, see assistance primarily in terms of leading to increased competition for exports of their product. They would have the U.S.A. provide less international support for agricultural development and they have had some influence. While there has been considerable debate on the subject, this has not yet resulted in the development of an enlightened national policy. The paper attempts to sort out the facts and perceptions that have led to this situation and to provide some policy suggestions. Two important needs are for: (a) greater public understanding, and (b) strengthened domestic research and improved linkages between domestic and international research activities. Paradoxically, the latter point tends to be overlooked by some of the farm groups but is essential if the U.S. is to remain competitive in what is likely to become a more open international market in the future.     

The Economic Impact of U.S. Tobacco Products Exports

The economic impacts of increasing U.S. tobacco exports on the U.S. economy are analyzed. Simulation of expanded exports to South Korea and Thailand are conducted. Over $1.1 billion in economic activity and 12,000 jobs were associated with tobacco export increases to these countries. Declining raw tobacco exports to Thailand, however, offset gains associated with greater cigarette sales. The resultant losses totaled $5.3 million in economic activity and over 378 jobs in the U.S.     

中国木质家具出口贸易与汇率波动关系研究

木质家具是我国最重要的出口林产品之一。人民币汇率改革后,人民币总体呈升值趋势,这一趋势提高了国产木质家具的出口价格,会产生阻碍出口的作用;与此同时其也会使进口原材料价格相对降低、促进原材料的进口,二者相互作用会共同影响木质家具出口额。通过建立回归模型,研究人民币汇率波动对中国木质家具出口贸易额的影响,结果表明人民币汇率与中国木质家具出口额呈负相关,但是通过人民币贬值来促进出口的策略并不明智。     

乡村社会交换方式变迁的双重趋势

本文在实证分析的基础上认为，经济改革引发的乡村社会快速转型和深厚的传统文化积淀使乡村社会交换方式的变迁存在双重趋势：一是网络性交换非网络化，二是非网络性交换网络化，这种变迁趋势使两种交换方式之间的相互关系更为紧密。     

人民币实际有效汇率变动对我国农产品进出口影响的实证分析

随着人民币对美元的不断升值,相对于农产品进出口的人民币实际有效汇率也不断变化.利用弹性分析法验证马歇尔一勒纳条件是否成立是分析进出口额与汇率变动关系的普遍思路,但是由于农产品不能满足供给弹性无穷大的假设,在长期中我国农产品进出口不符合马勒条件.从汇率变化的角度来看,人民币的升值不会恶化我国的农产品贸易收支,人民币实际有效汇率在今后的较长时期内的上升对我国农产品国际贸易将不会产生较大的影响.