Economic Development and the State: Lessons from Singapore

Analysis and case studies have indicated that intervention by the Singapore government in fostering economic development has not always been successful. In particular, past intervention in the labour market like the high wage policy of the early 3980s has proved to be an unmitigated disaster. However, interventions that lead to the direct creation of national competitive advantage, like the information-telecommunications infrastructure, R & D subsidy and manpower development, have proved t o be more successful. A strong, non-corrupt and market-oriented public sector appears to be crucial t o ensure that interventions are market facilitating, correcting and enhancing rather than distorting.     

Optimal Development Policies: Lessons from Experience

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THEORY, POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, by I.M.D. Little THE POVERTY OF ‘DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS', by Deepak Lal, Hobart Paperback No. 16 THE THEORY AND EXPERIENCE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, Essays in Honour of Sir W. Arthur Lewis, edited by Mark Gersovitz, Carlos F. Diaz-Alejandro, Gustav Ranis and Mark R. Rosenzweig     

New product planning: Lessons from Japanese experience

Japan has derived a reputation as a market that is extremely difficult to enter. However, this belief tends to promote neglect of the study of other factors—important among which is that of the competitive styles of Japanese companies. An issue that is particularly germane is that of product strategy. This article reports on research that was performed among a sample of foreign consumer products' companies in Japan. The article explores the theme that effectiveprodud strategy in Japan requires cultural sensitivity, as well as an ability to cope with the aggressive, technical led approaches of Japanese companies that comprise the competitive set.     

Vulnerability to a Currency Crisis: Lessons from the Asian Experience

Are currency crises caused by manias and panics in financial markets, or by unsustainable deteriorations in domestic macroeconomic conditions? This question is explored in the context of the recent Asian currency crisis. The theoretical concept of vulnerability is used to identify three early‐warning indicators of susceptibility to a currency crisis: rapid accumulation of mobile capital; domestic lending booms; and overvalued exchange rates. It is shown that the crisis and noncrisis countries of Asia may be distinguished empirically, using these indicators, over the decade preceding the crisis. This exercise provides convincing evidence that the crisis emanated largely from domestic macroeconomic conditions.     

Experience, socialization and customer retention: Lessons from the dance floor

Experience and socialization are key factors in customer commitment and defection decisions. To study the effect of experience and social relationships on customer retention, we analyze a reality-mined co-presence network of health club members over a period of 4 years. Since central customers in the network have more social ties they will lose if they defect, we use centrality as a proxy for customer relationship switching costs. We find that long-standing customers do have a lower chance of renewing their contracts. However, in line with theoretical predictions (Burnham et al., Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 31(2):109–126, 2003), the consumer’s centrality in the network (reflecting a social cost of defection) reduces customer churn rate. This study’s results indicate that the inclusion of social effects increases the predictive power of the customer churn model (Nitzan and Libai, Journal of Marketing 75(6):24–38, 2011), thus contributing to our understanding of the role social networks play in customer decisions.     

经济多重虚拟化的危机——来自美国次贷危机的教训

从原则上讲,适度的衍生金融产品有价格发现的功能,可平抑市场供求的波动,有利于市场稳定与经济发展;而过度的衍生金融产品会扭曲价格形成机制,导致投机盛行乃至形成市场的脆弱性与宏观经济的非稳定性。     

印度崛起对中国的经验与教训

"中国制造"的标签比"印度制造"的标签更为普遍,但在中国制造并不一定是由中国制造。用不了多久,"印度制造"将成为"由印度制造"的同义词,印度人不仅会从全球化中获得工资收益,还会把利润也留在手里。除非中国着手进行大胆的制度改革,否则印度在今后20年的表现也许会大大超过中国。     

Lessons from Japan: American and Japanese strategies and goals in the 1990s

This article recounts various Japanese business approaches touted in the 1980s as “Lessons from Japan” for U.S. managers. The logical expectation, given the sheer bulk of the literature, was that U.S. managers would become more “Japanese” in their business strategies and goals while the Japanese would have become more entrenched in their approaches. Questionnaire responses from 95 Japanese and 70 American firms suggest, however, that U.S. managers tend to make few shifts from the strategies and goals they emphasized in the 1980s. Meanwhile Japanese managers report that they expect to move toward more “American” business practices. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Lessons For China'sMacro Economy from the Economic Crisis in Asia

Theextentoftheopeningofacapitalprojectforacountryisdeterminedbyitsbasiceconomyandfinancialsituation.shortterminternationalidlecapitalwillneverbecomethefoundationfortheeconomicdevelopmentofacountry.RecentlyIhaveoftenaskedmyself.whetherChinashoulddrawsomelessonsfromthesevereeconomiccrisisthathasaffectedsomecountries.Theanswerisaffirmative.Therearelessonsinthefollowingsixfields.Lessonone.Effortsshouldbemadetocontrolthestructureandgrowthrateofthetotalamountofforeigndebts.Attentionshouldbepaidtoi…     

博彩业对旅游业的促进作用及其局限

当今世界的博彩业合法化浪潮,把这个在争议中快速发展的新兴产业,推入了社会科学的殿堂。博彩业在一定条件下、一定意义上对旅游业的发展所具有的正面促进作用,作为一个不可否认的经济史实,正在引起越来越多的国家和地区的旅游学界、商界乃至政界的注意。文章在较为系统地、实事求是地分析博彩业对于旅游业所具有的正面价值同时,也明确地、客观地分析了其负面的局限性,指出博彩业并不是在任何历史条件下都有旅游价值,并不是任何博彩彩种都有旅游价值。     

Sequencing and Depth of Regional Economic Integration: Lessons for the Americas from Europe

The paper first reviews Europe's experience with regional integration, stressing the political economy forces that governed the direction and speed of the process. It argues that the geographic spread of economic integration in Europe is driven by a domino effect by which each successive integration increases the pressure on non‐participants to join the integration effort. On the depth of integration, the paper argues that the path of European integration – from completion of the customs union, to the Single Market programme, to the Maastricht Treaty and monetary union – was dictated by a political economy dynamo set in motion by the unique institutional features established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. Consequently, the lessons for other regions must be considered with great care.     

从广场协议看日元升值的教训及启示

上世纪80年代在世界经济不平衡的环境下,美日之间进行了一系列的政策协调,日本付出了惨痛的教训。这一段历史表明,以汇率调控为主的宏观政策,在调整世界平衡方面仅有短暂的微弱作用,但代价昂贵且不公平。汇率升值对贸易结构有深刻影响,在增长动力减弱的情况下,处理不当容易引发泡沫。应把握好金融自由化、宏观政策、监管及改革之间的关系。     

HRM Under Guided Economic Development: The Singapore Experience

The article begins with the three stages of Singapore's economic development as the context from which the local labour-management relations system emerged. This is followed by a discussion of the institutional framework under which the government managed to attractmulti-national enterprises to provide the necessary capital, technology, management expertise, and access to international markets - conditions required for the attainment of its economic goals. However, while the government did deliver a disciplined, hard-working and trained labour force, it also ensured that workers received a share of the wealth generated in the labour process. In the second part of the article, local employment practices, as well as the trends for future development are discussed.     

晋升锦标赛、财政周期性与经济波动——中国改革开放以来的经验

本文从我国改革开放以来财政分权和锦标赛式的官员晋升机制并存的制度背景出发,提出了一个解释这一时期宏观经济所表现出的较显著的阶段性差异的分析框架。作为验证,本文利用1978-2007年的省级面板数据对中国政治经济周期的存在状况、政治周期的财政扩张效应以及财政政策的顺周期性这三个基本假设进行了实证分析,分析结果较好地支持了上述假设。结合对改革开放以来财政体制改革的分析,本文认为,1994年推行的分税制收紧地方财政的政策是改变原有财政顺周期性特征并实现宏观经济波动趋于平滑的重要原因。