经济高速发展时期河南省土地利用变化分析研究

以河南省为研究区,对不同年份的土地利用数据进行分类系统整合,在此基础上,对河南省1996~2009年土地利用类型进行了对比分析,分析得出耕地、城镇村及工矿用地、林地、交通运输用地面积在增加,园地、草地、水域及水利设施用地、其它土地面积在减少,在各类土地类型转换中,林地是变化最为激烈的土地利用类型,其次是其它土地,变化最稳定的地类是交通运输用地,其次是耕地。     

内蒙古退耕土地生态建设调查与思考

调查了内蒙古土地开垦与退垦情况解放后出现4次开荒高潮,共开垦5700多万亩.全区近10年开垦草原587万亩、林地735万亩,水土流失面积超过4亿亩,导致生态环境恶化,土地荒漠化扩展.论述了退耕的必要性、可行性,及退耕后的实效;提出问题及措施建议.     

Land use conflict in Kajiado District, Kenya

This study explores land use conflict in S.E. Kajiado District, Kenya. The conflict reflects ongoing competition over access to scarce land and water resources between herding, farming and wildlife, that has been conspicuous for over 30 years and is intensifying. While the complexity of the dynamic interactions and land use conflicts can be described, and significant driving forces identified, future outcomes are uncertain. The existing land use pattern represents the contemporary imprint of these interactions and it sets the basis for the future. Understanding the conditions that have created the present should, therefore, assist in devising future development strategies.     

土地,应从开发转向整理

2005年2月7日,国土资源部下发了《关于加强和改进土地开发整理工作的通知》。该《通知》进一步明确了当前和今后一个时期内土地开发整理工作方向和重点是,以提高农业综合生产能力为出发点,大力开展基本农田整理,促进补充耕地数量、质量、生态三者统一。我认为,当前,土地开发向土地整理方向转变,主要基于以下几方面原因。现有后备耕地资源质量差据国土资源部的年度土地利用变更统计数据,1999年～2004年,补充耕地数量略大于建设占用耕地的数量,实现了耕地在数量上的占补平衡。然而,许多补充耕地的质量难以达到被占用耕地的质量,违背了耕地占补…     

马鞍山市土地利用与生态环境

介绍了马鞍山市的概况、土地利用现状及土地利用结构、空间布局、城市用地、土地开发整理、重大生态建设工程对生态环境的影响;提出了促进该市生态环境建设的一些政策和管理措施。     

Land use policies and biotic conservation : Problems and prospects for forestry development in Nigeria

Forestry projects in Nigeria have experienced growing land use competition, conflicts and a widening communication gap between foresters and traditional landowners. Land use is influenced by short-term financial benefits and a trial and error approach to the conservation of forest resources which eventually leads to destructive use of resources and the environment. However, reliable conservation of resources can be achieved through a review of forest policies, improved enforcement, adequate funding and involvement by rural communities In planning and execution of forestry projects.     

Land and water use in India

The author pinpoints India's current land and water use problems. Various solutions are suggested taking into account the demands of the expanding population and the importance of agricultural land to India's development. India's climatic variations and the ways in which they affect land and water supplies and planning, are covered in detail. The many serious difficulties which the two natural resources face and which the planners must overcome if land and water are to be put to optimal use, are outlined separately, yet the interrelations between land and water and the need to develop them are also stressed.     

Land use,water management and future flood risk

Human activities have profoundly changed the land on which we live. In particular, land use and land management change affect the hydrology that determines flood hazard, water resources (for human and environmental needs) and the transport and dilution of pollutants. It is increasingly recognised that the management of land and water are inextricably linked (e.g. Defra, 2004). “Historical context, state of the science and current management issues” section of this paper addresses the science underlying those linkages, for both rural and urban areas. In “Historical context, state of the science and current management issues” section we discuss future drivers for change and their management implications. Detailed analyses are available for flood risk, from the Foresight Future Flooding project (Evans et al., 2004a,b) and other recent studies, and so we use flooding as an exemplar, with a more limited treatment of water resource and water quality aspects. Finally in “Science needs and developments” section we discuss science needs and likely progress. This paper does not address the important topic of water demand except for some reference to the Environment Agency's Water Resources Strategy for England and Wales (Environment Agency, 2009).     

《京都议定书》-中国的能源、环境和可持续发展

我国的能源短缺在相当程度上是由加工业能耗过高造成的;我国即使不承担温室气体减排国际义务,也要理智对待环境问题;通过计算说明我国每百人拥有小客车9．9辆也是不可思议的事,发展公共交通是我国的唯一选择;建议实施小型乘用车和营运汽车排放权交易;我国应实行适度消费、资源节约型的现代化,发展循环经济;只有实行定量化、可操作化,才可能实现环境、经济的可持续发展。     

Land use change in Britain

Data on land use change in the UK and its constituent nations is variable in scope and quality, but has improved in recent years. It shows that the popular image of cities spreading across the countryside is a false one. In fact most new housing is built within existing settlements or in small rural developments, whilst more crop and grazing land has been turned over to woodland in the past 25 years than into housing. It also shows that market forces, taxes and subsidies have a rapid effect on land use decisions by developers, farmers and others, for example on what type of housing to build, what crops to grow and whether to turn farmland into woodland.     

Land use change in Malta

In the mid-1950s a team of research workers from Durham University's geography department carried out a detailed agricultural land use survey of the Maltese Islands. Since then Malta has gained political independence, although the economic distortions associated with the colonial period have not yet come to an end. This article looks at Maltese agricultural land use and reassesses it against the background of changes which have occurred in Malta 's political and economic status.     

Patterns and drivers of post-socialist farmland abandonment in Western Ukraine

Farmland abandonment restructures rural landscapes in many regions worldwide in response to gradual industrialization and urbanization. In contrast, the political breakdown in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union triggered rapid and widespread farmland abandonment, but the spatial patterns of abandonment and its drivers are not well understood. Our goal was to map post-socialist farmland abandonment in Western Ukraine using Landsat images from 1986 to 2008, and to identify spatial determinants of abandonment using a combination of best-subsets linear regression models and hierarchical partitioning. Our results suggest that farmland abandonment was widespread in the study region, with abandonment rates of up to 56%. In total, 6600 km² (30%) of the farmland used during socialism was abandoned after 1991. Topography, soil type, and population variables were the most important predictors to explain substantial spatial variation in abandonment rates. However, many of our a priori hypotheses about the direction of variable influence were rejected. Most importantly, abandonment rates were higher in the plains and lower in marginal areas. The growing importance of subsistence farming in the transition period, as well as off-farm income and remittances likely explain these patterns. The breakdown of socialism appears to have resulted in fundamentally different abandonment patterns in the Western Ukraine, where abandonment was a result of the institutional and economic shock, compared to those in Europe's West, where abandonment resulted from long-term socio-economic transformation such as urbanization and industrialization.     

Land use scenario development as a tool for watershed management within the Rio Mannu Basin

The Rio Mannu River Basin (Sardinia, Italy) is undergoing a process of agricultural intensification. Like many Mediterranean areas, this basin is characterized by water shortages and diffuse pollution from agricultural sources. Hence the objective of this study was to develop possible land use and land management scenarios that could constitute an alternative to the current watershed management. Several land use and land management scenarios were formulated and analyzed with local stakeholders, and two were selected and simulated as realistic in consideration of the socio-economical aspects of the study area. Scenario 1 involves agricultural practices that include a reduction in fertilizer use to meet the Water Framework Directive requirements for “good” status of water bodies. Scenario 2 introduces rapeseed cultivation, replacing durum wheat in a small area, to investigate the impact of biofuel plant cultivation on water quality. Each option was assessed by considering the effects on water quality, crop yields and economic benefits. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to simulate hydrological processes and evaluate current and future nutrient loads. This model requires adequate streamflow data for calibration and validation. However, as is the case for many Mediterranean basins, insufficient data were available. Therefore, a methodology was developed and tested to calibrate hydrological processes based on the transposition of a parameter set from a gauged catchment located in the same region. This study suggests that a sound use of fertilizers could substantially reduce the amount of nutrients flowing into surface waters, although the effects of such a policy on crop yield and farm income would be negative in some cases. Moreover, the results clearly predict that the replacement of durum wheat with rapeseed (a biofuel crop), could offer a margin of profit, but would have a negative impact on water quality due to increased nutrient losses. Consequently, this option is unsuitable for this area. Furthermore, it can be inferred from these results that the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources may have a negative impact on the objectives of the EU Water Framework Directive. Clearly, this process needs to be regulated, taking into account environmental and socio-economical aspects.     

Land use optimization in watershed scale

Managing a watershed for satisfying the inhabitant's demand is a difficult task if one has to maintain a reasonable balance between usually conflicting environmental flows and demands. The solution to these complex issues requires the use of mathematical techniques to take into account conflicting objectives. Many optimization models exist for general management systems but there is a knowledge gap in linking practical problems with the optimum use of all land resources under conflicting demands in a watershed. In the present study, an optimization problem has been formulated for the Brimvand watershed, Iran, comprising ca. 9572 ha to find out the most suitable land allocation to different land uses, viz. orchard, irrigated farming, dry farming and rangeland targeting soil erosion minimization and benefit maximization.     

以集约用地促发展

今年全国土地日的宣传主题是“节约集约用地,促进科学发展”。这个主题得到了社会各界广泛而热烈的呼应。它准确地道出了用地和发展之间的辩证关系,紧扣我国土地管理的一大关键点:以节约集约用地来支持、保障和服务全面、协调、可持续发展,形成发展与用地二者之间的和谐。所以,