略论我国商业零售企业经营方式的十大转变

改革开放以来,我国经济体制由计划经济发展到有调节的市场经济,再发展到社会主义市场经济,经历了不断飞跃和发展的过程。与此相适应,我国商业企业经营方式也经历了重大的转型和发展,发生了从简单管理向现代管理、从单店经营向连锁经营等"十大"转变。     

An Aspect of Family Enterprise in the Industrial Revolution

The status hierarchy in Japanese enterprises collapsed during the tumultuous years of ‘total war’ and post-war democracy, and the ‘Japanese employment system’ was greatly affected by the ‘white-collarisation of blue-collar workers’. This transformation can be seen through changes in the work rules and wages systems at Hitachi Electric from the 1930s to the 1950s. The labour ideology of the wartime planned economy, which saw enterprises as ‘production communities’ and assumed equality between white- and blue-collar workers, challenged the nature of employment relations. As the experience of the post-war union movement reveals, this wartime ideology exerted a pervasive influence on Japanese labour, and, during the US Occupation, it forced widespread, ‘democratic’ reforms on enterprise management. In consequence, the main elements of the Japanese employment system were formed and reinforced during the 1950s and 1960s.     

现代企业人力资源管理初探

伴随着信息时代的到来,信息技术和知识经济的迅猛发展已经对我国企业的人力资源管理产生了深远的影响。面对国内企业人力资源管理重管理、轻开发的现象;只强调对员工的开发而忽视对各级管理者素质的提高等问题,企业必须从管理理念、管理制度、管理机制、管理职能、管理手段等多个方面加强和改善人力资源管理工作,使企业在日益激烈的市场竞争中占据主动。     

Conclusion: Korean business and management – the end of the model?

Recent financial crisis has raised questions about the underpinnings and longevity of economic success in Asia, and has reminded us to be sceptical of pundits and the eponymous populist predictions relating to the region. Several perspectives can guide the analysis and evaluation of industrialization, from ‘state’ versus ‘market’, ‘internal’ versus ‘external’, and ‘macro’ versus ‘micro’. Companies in Korea as ‘latecomers’ have pursued ‘catch-up’ strategies. However, Korean corporate capabilities reside in a restricted number of industries, firms and functions (production), and are poor elsewhere, such as in marketing, technology (design and development) and organization, and small and medium-sized enterprises. Furthermore, many factors regarded once as sources of Korea's success are now seen as weaknesses. The future challenges facing Korea include its dirigiste economy, organizational structures and governance, financial transparency and labour market flexibility. While there are undoubted problems, its urgent tasks are not insurmountable.     

What managers should know about the sharing economy

The phrase ‘sharing economy’ has grown to become an umbrella term for a wide range of nonownership forms of consumption activities such as swapping, bartering, trading, renting, sharing, and exchanging. In spite of such a wide spectrum of behaviors, there is limited practical knowledge about how individual sharing economy practices should be managed. Building on a framework that categorizes sharing economy practices based on their detailed characteristics, this article provides extensive recommendations to managers and practitioners. We argue that each practice is a hybrid of sharing and exchange, and provides several recommendations based on the nature of each practice's offering.     

关于提升我国中小企业国际化水平的思考

近10年来中国企业的国际化程度迅速提高,"走出去"的规模迅速增大。从企业特点和国际市场态势观察,中国应该从大型企业领衔对外投资扩展到鼓励支持更多中小企业"走出去"。中小企业的国际化水平,是反映中国经济和中国企业国际化水平的重要内容。中小企业在提升国际化水平的时候,要注意发挥其独特的优势,并在行业选择、区域选择和介入国际市场的组织方式选择上制订好积极稳妥的发展战略与策略;而政府和社会有关方面,应该对中小企业的国际化水平的提高给予更多的关注和采取更积极的政策措施加以推进。     

Strategic challenges and issues for Chinese managers and management in the global economy: conclusions

The contributions to this symposium on ‘Demystifying Chinese Management’ have attempted to tackle new strategic issues and challenges vis-à-vis the newly diversified ownership and management system which has occurred since Deng's economic reforms. It is clear that when we try to ‘make sense’ of management in the People's Republic of China, we must take into account the degree to which Chinese management has become distinctive, with an adaptation of exogenous knowledge to local circumstances and a relative degree of ‘convergence’ involving a synthesis of ‘local’, ‘glocal’ and ‘global’ forms.     

On the New Economic Policies Promoted by the 17th CCP Congress in China

The 17th Chinese Communist Party Congress in October 2007 attracted attention within and outside China for the bold development agenda that was placed before delegates. After 30 years of economic reform that has produced a remarkable improvement in living standards and China's reintegration into the world economy, the Party unveiled a programme that would push China to become a world superpower over the next 30 years. China's ambition is to become a technologically innovative state, to make China a ‘moderately prosperous’ and ‘harmonious society’ with a ‘scientific outlook on development’, and to achieve full industrialisation and sustainable prosperity. Whether China is able to attain its objectives will critically depend on the Party's ability to implement the new economic policies and address the social and political challenges that economic growth has created. The aim of the paper is to examine the policies, motivations and constraints that China faces in achieving the objectives laid out at the Party Congress.     

Japanese Production Strategies and Competitive Success: Mazda's Quiet Revolution

This contribution discusses the degree to which changes in human resource management (HRM) have taken place in the China since the Special Issue on HRM in the Asia Pacific Region came out in 1997. At that time, we spoke of ‘relative convergence’ as being the main feature of Chinese HRM; this remains largely the case. As the non-state owned sectors in the Chinese economy expand and state-owned enterprises shrink correspondingly, the impact of World Trade Organization entry will lead to more competition and a greater role for market forces. The greater the impact of these changes on Chinese firms, the more Personnel Management will be replaced by HRM year by year. How rapidly this pragmatic, step-wise path proceeds will depend on how far the new norms become institutionalized and how far managers' as well as workers' mind-sets absorb and integrate them.     

A Statistical Equilibrium Approach to the Distribution of Profit Rates

Motivated by classical political economy we detail a probabilistic, ‘statistical equilibrium’ approach to explaining why even in equilibrium, the equalization of profit rates leads to a non‐degenerate distribution. Based on this approach we investigate the empirical content of the profit rate distribution for previously unexamined annual firm level data comprising over 24,000 publicly listed North American firms for the period 1962–2014. We find strong evidence for a structural organization and equalization of profit rates on a relatively short time scale both at the economy wide and one‐ and two‐digit SIC industry levels into a Laplace or double exponential distribution. We show that the statistical equilibrium approach is consistent with economic theorizing about profit rates and discuss research questions emerging from this novel look at profit rate distributions. We also highlight the applicability of the underlying principle of maximum entropy for inference in a wide range of economic topics.     

How red is China's red capitalism? Continuity and change in China's financial services sector during the global crisis

Chinese capitalism cannot be captured by theoretical frameworks and concepts such as the ‘Varieties of Capitalism’ approach. Despite its integration into the world economy and the financial crises, the country has kept a stable Leninist basis of formal institutions. The case of financial services shows: (i) a resilience of the sector to the ‘Great Financial Crisis’ of 2008 and (ii) the use of the crisis as an opportunity. Examining the control of Chinese financial services shows that private interests and the regulatory authorities are intimately linked to the state apparatus and that there is no radical break in sight with China's unique blend of party state-led capitalism.     

The demand for business and management education in Hong Kong beyond 1997

In this contribution, the future market of business and management education in Hong Kong is investigated, bearing in mind that Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty. Hong Kong is expected to continue its prosperity, but the emigration of large numbers of Hong Kong professionals wanting to secure a safety net by acquiring a foreign passport has further created demands for better and more business and management education in an attempt to develop more professional managers. The study starts by discussing the current state of the Hong Kong economy and the phenomenon of the ‘brain drain’. In addition, it analyses a survey of the current state of business and management education in Hong Kong so that a market need can be identified to match economic growth. Finally, the study suggests a future research direction for Hong Kong's business and management education.     

FDI expansion speed of state-owned enterprises and the moderating role of market capitalism: Evidence from China

Drawing on an institutional logics perspective and isomorphism viewpoint, we posit that the negative impact of state ownership on the speed of foreign direct investment (FDI) expansion is attributed to the state socialism logic, which is inconsistent with market-oriented mechanisms that underpin rapid international expansion. We further argue that firms associated with the market capitalism logic shape an institutional context in which state-owned enterprises (SOEs) may adjust their behaviors by adopting market-oriented practices to expand quickly in the global market. Using outward FDI project information from Chinese listed firms over a fourteen-year period, we find evidence that confirms our theoretical predictions. Our analysis shows that, despite the negative relationship between state ownership and the speed of an SOE’s FDI expansion, both the non-state economy in the firm’s subnational region and privately owned enterprises in its industry sector positively moderate this relationship. This study enriches our understanding of institutional complexity in emerging markets and internationalization of emerging-market firms.     

HRM in Thailand: Eroding Traditions

This study explores the changing HRM practices in Thailand, especially over the past decade, during which the country has undergone substantial economic growth. It begins by examining the employment practices of traditional family-owned enterprises, which differ substantially from what have become thought of as ‘best practice’ in Western firms. It then analyzes the professionalization of employment practices in large-scale, publicly held Thai corporations. The final sections of the consider the nature of employment practices in the subsidiaries of multinational firms, which play a major role in the Thai economy.     

How valuable is information and communication technology? A study of emerging economy enterprises

Anchored at the knowledge management perspective, we address how information and communication technology (ICT) improves the productivity of emerging economy enterprises. We present the logic that ICT enhances firm performance because it is an important channel or facilitator of effective knowledge sharing and knowledge integration. We further argue that the conditions characterizing an emerging economy (i.e., a country’s economic development) and emerging economy businesses (i.e., internationalization and quality assurance) would affect the extent to which ICT contributes to knowledge management, and thus to firm performance. Our hierarchical linear modeling analysis of 6236 firms from 27 emerging economies lends support to our arguments and predictions, suggesting that ICT is a critical investment that generates satisfactory returns for emerging economy enterprises, yet this investment–return relationship is further contingent upon the macro- and micro-level conditions facing these enterprises. ICT actually adds more value to productivity when a focal emerging economy is less economically developed, and when a focal firm reaches foreign markets or its quality control and assurance is superior.     

中国管理模式创新研究

随着中国经济的崛起,我国企业在引进和借鉴西方管理理论的同时又结合中国自身的管理实践和优秀的传统文化,形成了一些有中国特色的管理模式。中国管理模式已成为学者与企业经理人积极探讨的焦点。     

纺织品出口壁垒在前

中国纺织品进入"自由贸易"时代,但出口壁垒并未消除。企业对此所持的理性态度,反映出了整个行业的成熟。     

近年来我国稳定物价的探索与实践

近年来,我国价格主管部门在强化价格监督检查、建立平价商店、落实联动机制、推进医改和调控房地产、网上"晒价格"、减轻企业和社会不合理负担等六个方面进行了积极的探索与实践,实施了一种大系统价格调控管理方略,为维护消费者利益、稳定市场价格、建立良好价格秩序、促进社会经济健康持续发展等方面作出了积极的贡献。     

The autocratic advantage: Internationalization of state-owned multinationals

We offer a theoretical extension and empirical analysis of home country autocracy as a key determinant for the internationalization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Building on international business and international political economy theory, we argue that the pursuit of a mercantilist domestic agenda by autocratic governments is influential upon the magnitude and direction of state-owned multinational enterprises’ (SOMNC) outward investment via acquisition. We conclude that autocratic home countries are ‘re-purposing’ SOEs to pursue international nationalist objectives – and that autocracies can do so more effectively and purposefully than democracies, by maintaining effective control over their SOMNCs.