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1.
Is There Persistence in the Impact of Emergency Food Aid? Evidence on Consumption, Food Security, and Assets in Rural Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We identify the impact of emergency food aid programs after the 2002 drought in rural Ethiopia on future welfare. Based on a difference-in-differences matching estimator, participation in food-for-work increases growth in total consumption and food consumption eighteen months after the drought. Separately, receiving free food raises growth in food consumption, but, surprisingly, negatively impacts food security. Food-for-work benefited households in the middle and upper tail of the consumption distribution, while the better-targeted free food program benefited the poorest. Evidence suggests these impacts demonstrate accumulated and persistent effects of food aid received in the first twelve months after the drought. 相似文献
2.
Gokul P. Paudel Vijesh V. Krishna Andrew J. McDonald 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2020,71(1):199-218
The ‘high speed’ rotavator is used for shallow tillage to create a fine tilth and incorporate crop residues, often with a single tractor pass. Rotavator tillage has spread quickly in many parts of South Asia, despite short-term experimental trials suggesting deteriorating soil quality and crop yield penalties. Evidence of rotavator impacts on farmer fields across soil gradients and time is largely absent. From a farm household survey conducted among wheat farmers in Nepal, we estimate wheat yield and profitability outcomes for rotavator adopters and non-adopters using propensity score matching. We find that rotavator adoption leads to inferior outcomes, despite significant cost savings for land preparation (US$ 11–15 per hectare). With rotavator adoption, farmers lose about 284–309 kg of wheat grain and about US$ 93–101 of profits on average per hectare per season, and these penalties increase with longer-term use of the technology. Adoption of rotavator appears to be driven by the cost and time savings for land preparation. Against this backdrop, new policy and extension efforts are required that discourage rotavator use and favour more sustainable tillage technologies. 相似文献
3.
The paper applies a semi-parametric propensity score matchingapproach to evaluate the effects of agri-environment (AE) programmeson input use and farm output of individual farms in Germany.The analysis reveals a positive and significant treatment effectof AE programmes on the area under cultivation, in particulargrassland, resulting in a decrease of cattle livestock densities.Furthermore, participation significantly reduced the purchaseof farm chemicals (fertiliser, pesticide). We also find differencesin the treatment effect among individual farms (heterogeneoustreatment effects). Farms that can generate the largest benefitfrom the programme are most likely to participate. 相似文献
4.
We evaluate whether the effectiveness of a participatory extension programme changes when an incentive is introduced that financially rewards farmers for participation. Using data from a dairy farm extension programme operated in Ireland, the evaluation assesses whether farmers who joined before the financial incentive was introduced receive larger benefits from the extension programme than farmers who joined after the financial incentive. The results from a propensity score matching analysis reveal that farmers who joined before the incentive significantly improved their farm performance, as measured in gross margins and yields, while farmers who joined after the incentive did not significantly benefit from the extension programme. This implies that the incentive to participate is a windfall gain to these later participants. 相似文献
5.
[目的]为了厘清贫困地区外出务工与农户食物消费的关系,文章以西部贫困地区为例,研究外出务工对农户食物消费的影响。[方法]该文使用陕西省镇安县、洛南县,云南省武定县、会泽县和贵州省盘县、正安县2015年1 368户农户实地调研数据,将在家成员作为研究对象,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)调整样本的选择性偏差,降低内生性导致的估计偏误,分析外出务工的影响效果。[结果]采用最近邻匹配法、半径匹配法和核匹配法进行匹配后,发现外出务工使农户的人均食物消费总支出的对数最多显著提高0. 081%,最少显著提高0. 060%。[结论]外出务工主要通过收入变化、外来的信息或经验和人口变化3方面影响农户的食物消费,且西部贫困地区外出务工显著提高农户的食物消费水平。相关部门应关注贫困地区农户食物消费与营养状况,改善其食物消费结构,提高食物安全与营养水平。 相似文献
6.
Renato Villano Boris Bravo‐Ureta Daniel Solís Euan Fleming 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2015,66(1):129-154
Using cross‐sectional farm‐level data from 3,164 rice‐farming households in the Philippines, we measure the impact of modern rice technologies on farm productivity while disentangling technology gaps (the distance between production frontiers) from managerial gaps (differences in technical efficiency). To do so, we combine a recently developed stochastic production frontier framework with impact evaluation techniques to control for biases stemming from observables and unobservables. First, we find an adequate control group using propensity score matching to mitigate the effect of biases from observable variables. Then, we test for biases that might arise from unobserved variables using a stochastic frontier framework corrected for self‐selection. Finally, we estimate meta‐frontiers to assess productivity differences between adopters and non‐adopters. The analysis shows that the adoption of certified seeds has a significant and positive impact on productivity, efficiency and net income in rice farming. 相似文献
7.
研究目的:探究宅基地退出在脆弱性视角下的减贫效应,厘清宅基地退出对农户贫困脆弱性的作用路径。研究方法:基于2019年安徽金寨的微观调研数据,构建广义可行最小二乘法模型,基于期望贫困对农户家庭贫困脆弱性进行测度,采用倾向得分匹配法检验宅基地退出的减贫效应,运用中介效应模型分析宅基地退出影响贫困脆弱性的传导机制。研究结果:(1)在现行贫困标准下,有18.66%的农户面临未来陷入贫困的风险;(2)宅基地退出具有显著减贫效应,能够有效降低农户未来陷入贫困的概率,通过PSM方法消除“自选择”偏误后结果依然稳健;(3)宅基地退出通过增加农户生计资本和改善生计策略来降低贫困脆弱性。研究结论:未来应进一步深化宅基地制度改革,完善宅基地退出与扶贫的联动机制,改进返贫预警的识别机制。 相似文献
8.
研究目的:基于辽宁省昌图县的农户调查数据,实证检验农户农地经营权抵押贷款收入效应。研究方法:问卷调查法,统计分析法,倾向得分匹配法。研究结果:如果不考虑农地经营权抵押贷款的选择性偏差问题,则会高估农户参与农地抵押贷款的收入效应;农地经营权抵押贷款对农户的收入效应明显,农户参与农地抵押贷款会使其总收入和农业收入显著增加;农地抵押贷款对农户总收入提高的效果大于农业收入,但差距不大。研究结论:为充分发挥农地经营权抵押贷款的增收作用,应构建多元化供给主体机制、完善农地经营权抵押贷款政策执行机制、加大农地经营权抵押贷款宣传力度、健全农地经营权抵押贷款配套措施。 相似文献
9.
研究目的:探究高标准农田建设对稻农农药投入的影响机理,为协调高标准农田建设与农药减量政策提供参考。研究方法:倾向得分匹配法、分位数回归、中介效应模型。研究结果:(1)高标准农田建设能够使稻农的亩均农药投入降低22.12%;(2)高标准农田建设对农药投入的影响存在异质性,对农药投入位于低分位点的农户和规模户产生的影响效应更加显著;(3)高标准农田建设通过提高农业社会化服务参与农业生产进而促进农药投入减量化;(4)不同类型的高标准农田建设项目产生的农药投入减量效应存在差异性。研究结论:通过继续推进高标准农田建设,针对不同资源禀赋农户采取差异化的农田建设力度,加大土地流转、扩张土地规模实现农业服务规模经营,以强化高标准农田建设的农药投入减量效果。 相似文献
10.
目的 目标价格补贴政策是改革农产品价格形成机制的重要举措,对于优化我国农业供给结构具有重要的意义。方法 为了评估临时收储制改为目标价格补贴政策对新疆棉花生产的影响,文章基于2011—2018年新疆和其他棉花主产区县级棉花生产相关数据,运用双重差分倾向得分法(PSM-DID)分析了目标价格补贴政策对新疆棉花的种植面积和产量的总体影响、动态效应和区域效应。结果 目标价格补贴政策对调控国内棉花供给起着重要作用;该政策总体上促进了新疆棉花产业发展,棉花面积和产量显著提高;从政策的动态效应来看,目标价格政策调整为三年一定的方案对棉花生产的促进作用显著大于试点期一年一定的效应;此外,目标价格补贴政策对南疆和北疆的影响效应存在差异,对南疆棉花生产的促进效果更显著。结论 在此基础上,结合我国缺乏棉花定价权,目标价格补贴政策可能导致国家财政负担过重,且容易触及WTO黄箱补贴的限制等问题,该文提出了进一步完善目标价格补贴政策,逐步向脱钩的补贴方式过渡,并积极探索财政补贴与市场补偿相结合的补贴机制等相关建议。 相似文献
11.
[目的]探究农户参与土地托管如何影响农业生产效率,以及绿色技术采纳行为如何在土地托管和生产效率间起作用,从而对有关土地托管研究的理论给予补充。[方法]文章以河南省305个农户数据为基础,运用DEA模型、倾向得分匹配法及中介效应检验研究了土地托管、绿色技术采纳行为对农业生产效率的影响效果。[结果](1)土地托管比未托管农户农业生产效率平均高0.287,土地托管能有效提升农户的农业生产效率;(2)绿色技术采纳行为在土地托管对农业生产效率影响中起明显的中介作用,中介效应占比48.39%;(3)土地托管加剧了农户内部生产效率差异,土地规模和兼业化的差异是导致农业生产效率不同的主要原因。[结论]政府实施推广、补贴等政策应向土地托管倾斜,提升农户绿色技术采纳意愿,更好地发挥土地托管带动小农户提高效率,保障粮食安全问题,提高农业现代化水平。 相似文献
12.
Georgeanne M. Artz Peter F. Orazem Daniel M. Otto 《American journal of agricultural economics》2007,89(3):557-570
Considerable controversy exists regarding the costs and benefits of growth in the meat packing and processing industry for rural counties. This study investigates the effects of this industry on social and economic outcomes in nonmetropolitan counties of 23 Midwestern and Southern states from 1990 to 2000. Results suggest that as the meat packing industry's share of a county's total employment and wage bill rises, total employment growth increases. However, employment growth in other sectors slows, as does local wage growth. Industry growth has little impact on local crime rates or on growth of government spending on education, health, or police protection. 相似文献
13.
目的 促进共同富裕的重点和难点仍然在农村,文章旨在探讨农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响机制与效应。方法 基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,首先从经济水平、精神富裕和生活质量等5个维度对农户共同富裕水平进行了测度,然后检验了农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响效应,并进一步讨论了劳动力流动范围和就业稳定性对农户共同富裕的影响。结果 (1)农村劳动力的流动显著促进了农户共同富裕,在通过采用有序响应模型Ologit和倾向值匹配(PSM)方法检验后,研究结论依然稳健。(2)从农村劳动力流动的范围来看,县域内的流动对农户共同富裕的促进效应最大,而跨省流动的促进效应最小。(3)从农村劳动力就业的稳定性来看,稳定就业对农户共同富裕的促进效应大于非稳定就业。结论 要加快推进县域城镇化发展,完善农民工市民化的政策,提升农村劳动力就业的稳定性,确保其在教育、医疗和社保等方面的同等待遇,真正实现农村转移人口的城市社会融合,从而促进共同富裕。 相似文献
14.
土地流转对农户农业机械使用的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究目的:探究农业机械化发展的制约因素,为实现农业现代化和乡村振兴提供理论和实证依据。研究方法:本文基于2016年湖北省农户实地调查数据,采用反事实分析框架,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)分析土地流转对农业机械使用的影响。研究结果:土地流转对农业机械化水平有显著影响,土地转入会显著提升农业机械化水平的9.94%,水田转入和旱地转入会分别提升农业机械化水平的10.21%和3.71%;土地转出会显著降低农业机械化水平的9.4%,水田转出和旱地转出会分别降低农业机械化水平的9.7%和8.83%。土地规模效益导致土地流入对农业机械化水平的上升效应大于土地转出对农业机械化水平的下降效应,而不同类型耕地作业难度差异会导致水田流转和旱地流转对农业机械化水平的作用效果有所区别。研究结论:提高农业机械使用程度,需要鼓励农户参与土地流转,加快适度规模经营的步伐,继续加大对农机补贴的力度,培育新型职业农民。 相似文献
15.
目的 农业保险具有防灾减灾的功能,是重要的农村金融工具,体现了惠农富农的政策导向。随着农业保险进入高质量发展阶段,从微观农户层面研究农业保险的收入效应具有重要的现实价值。方法 文章基于2019年湖北、湖南和河南3省808份微观调查数据,运用多元线性回归模型和分位数回归模型,系统分析了农业保险对农户农业收入水平的影响。结果 农业保险会显著增加农户的农业收入水平,在使用工具变量方法处理互为因果问题,PSM方法纠正选择性偏误,以及截尾和缩尾处理后,结论依旧稳健。农业保险对不同收入农户的作用效果存在显著的异质性,随着分位数水平的提高,农业保险的增收效果逐渐减弱。结论 为充分发挥农业保险的保收增收功能,从强政策宣传,提高保险密度与深度;加大财政支持力度,完善保险体系建设;以及实施倾斜性保费补贴和赔偿机制三方面提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
16.
[目的]在数字农业和绿色农业的双重背景下,探讨互联网嵌入对农户化学农药减量使用的影响,有助于实现农业数字化和绿色化发展。[方法]文章基于四川省712份微观农户调研数据,采用倾向得分匹配法实证检验了互联网嵌入是否会减少农户化学农药使用,并分析了其影响效应在不同农户群体中的异质性。[结果]互联网嵌入对农户减少化学农药使用具有显著的正向影响,其平均处理效应为0.114;互联网嵌入能有效促进小农户、专业种植大户和家庭农场减少化学农药使用,平均处理效应分别介于0.104~0.113、0.078~0.103和0.116~0.128;互联网嵌入对家庭农场减少化学农药使用的促进作用略大于小农户和专业种植大户,而相比于专业种植大户,互联网嵌入对小农户化学农药减量使用的促进作用更强。[结论]应推进农村新基建发展,提升农村互联网普及率,采取差异化的措施,鼓励家庭农场发展,引导家庭农场将互联网技术应用于农业生产,并加强互联网技术宣传与培训,提升小农户和专业种植大户嵌入互联网的能力,以促进农户减少化学农药使用。 相似文献
17.
Elena Baglioni 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2015,15(1):17-42
This paper draws on primary qualitative data to explore the accumulation strategies of indigenous exporters in the Senegalese horticultural sectors who supply European markets. It argues that exporters straddle contract and estate farming as a strategy to break through and survive in European markets, where the power of large‐scale retailers is increasing and the proliferation of food standards act as a non‐tariff barrier. It also analyses the relative opportunities as well as the costs of contract and estate farming. Then it focuses on how the control of buyers over suppliers is far from complete, revealing downstream and upstream spaces and dynamics of non‐compliance. In conclusion, some reflections on the development of capitalism in Africa are advanced. 相似文献
18.
《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(1):212-221
An international multi-disciplinary team of scientists, led by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), tackled the problem of bovine trypanosomosis and the development of drug resistance in West Africa, inter alia, by the promotion of rational drug use (RDU) principles. These principles had been brought to farmers by practical training and by the provision of information leaflets. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of RDU training at smallholder level with respect to advances in farmers' knowledge and farm productivity before research outputs could be scaled up. Therefore, 508 cattle farmers attended a disease-specific knowledge test and provided information about farm production. Results show that farmers who participated in the training are more likely to identify signs and causes of the disease and to correctly administer drugs. Allocating scores to each question in the knowledge tests and scrutinizing the differences between trained and untrained farmers by matching procedures shows that participating farmers reach higher scores in all knowledge categories. Moreover, the acquisition of additional knowledge and the application of improved control strategies significantly increase farm performance. Additionally, an allocative effect was identified since trypanocide expenditures were saved by less expensive inputs. 相似文献
19.
研究目的:揭示\"倒挂型\"土地利用总体规划与耕地保护效果之间的关系,以期为国土空间规划的编制提供参考。研究方法:倾向值匹配法。研究结果:(1)耕地\"倒挂型\"规划对耕地面积净变化的影响具有统计显著性,2006—2008年,耕保指标\"倒挂型\"规划使耕地面积净变化量平均减少2.270万hm2;(2)2010—2016年,耕保指标\"倒挂型\"规划使耕地面积净变化量平均减少0.496万hm2;(3)建设用地\"倒挂型\"规划对耕地面积净变化量并无显著影响。研究结论:在省级政府耕地保护责任目标考核的制度环境下,耕地\"倒挂型\"规划对地方政府形成一定压力,促使各级政府采取措施加以应对,从而使得\"倒挂型\"规划在一定程度上降低了耕地净减少量。 相似文献
20.
目的 在脱贫攻坚视域中,农民合作社作为产业扶贫的重要载体,为乡村经济和社会发展提供动力,是农村地区反贫困合意、有效的组织化形态,对农民合作社减贫问题进行研究,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。方法 文章利用2018年云南、贵州、陕西和甘肃4省7县1 393户农户的微观调研数据,采用分位数回归和倾向得分匹配法对农户参加农民合作社的增收效应进行了实证检验。结果 农民合作社可以有效改善农户家庭收入水平,参加农民合作社可以使农户家庭总收入平均提高38.04%;农民合作社对中高收入水平农户、非贫困农户、低学历农户的增收促进作用更为明显;另外,户主受教育年限、是否建档立卡、土地面积、村里面是否有农民合作社、人情往来支出对数、政府补贴津贴对数、是否参加专业培训等7个因素均提高了农户参加农民合作社的意愿,而户主年龄、学生数量、是否有外出务工人员等3个因素会降低农户参加农民合作社的意愿。结论 据此,应继续培育和发展农民合作社,提升农户参与农民合作社的意愿,强化农民合作社与贫困农户的利益联结,注重扶贫资源对于贫困农户获得的便利性。 相似文献